Pomorska Street in Bydgoszcz

Pomorska Street
Bydgoszcz
Ulica Pomorska

View of the street

Location of Pomorska Street
Former name(s) Rinkauerstraße, Ulica Szczecińska
Namesake Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
Owner City of Bydgoszcz
Length 1,400 m (4,600 ft)
Google maps
Area Downtown district
Location Bydgoszcz
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pomorska Street in Bydgoszcz.

Pomorska Street is an important street of downtown Bydgoszcz.

Location

Pomorska Street is roughly oriented south-north, starting from Gdańska Street up to the railway line to the north. It crosses important thoroughfares, such as Śniadecki Street, Cieszkowski Street or Swiętojańska street.

Naming

Through history, the street had the following names:[1]

Current namesake of the street comes from the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship.

History

View of northern part of Pomorska ca 1907

The axis has since long been the path linking Bydgoszcz to Świecie, German: Schwetz, hence its name on one of the first recorded maps from 1800,[2] "Der weg nach Schwetz" (The road to Świecie).

In fact, this path was an historical thoroughfare, existing before Gdańska Street, much like the way Dworcowa Street came to existence. During the second part of the 19th century, the growing extension of the city led to the shaping of the avenue, called Rinkauerstraße under Prussian rule.

In 1867, with a new territory extension of the city, the whole street was comprised within the municipal area.[3] Its northern tip "Verlängerte Rinkauerstraße" (Extended Rinkauer street) was the location of Prussian army barracks, German: Kaserne Rinkau:[4] the Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 148 was part of the 41st Division in the pre-World War I organization.

After the end of WWI and the rebirth of Poland, the street has been renamed "Pomorska" in its southern part and "Szczecińska" in its northern part (old Extended Rinkauer street),[5] where the 61th Infantry Regiment (Polish: 61 Pułk Piechoty) was billeted.

During WWII, Nazi authorities renamed the avenue Robert Ley Straße.[6] At the end of the conflict, the street got back its original calling, along its whole length.[7]

Main places and buildings

Tenement at N°1, corner house with Dworcowa Street N°2

1884,[8] by Karl Bergner

Eclecticism

This corner house has been commissionned by Mr Jäfel, a lithograph.[9] In 1908, a drugstore run by Dr Aurel Kratz opened there: he was also selling goods for cameras[10] until WWI. He then moved to Friedrichstraße.[11]

The building is on a triangular footprint plot, a challenge for the designer. It displays a nice bay window on the corner facade. The first floor windows, around the bay-window are more adorned than others with flanking pilasters topped with corbels and a frieze of ornaments. The second floors windows are capped by triangular pediments and have also small corbels and pilasters. The 3rd level openings are only flanked by clean pilasters and pediment topped. A line of designed corbels runs beneath the roof.



Wilhelm ßiehl tenement, Pomorska Street N°3

Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list, N°727947, Reg.A/1530, April 04th, 2009[12]

1878

Eclecticism & Neo-renaissance

The house was commisionned by Wilhelm ßiehl, a baker, who lived in Bahnhofstraße.[13] At this time, it was one of the first habitation building to be erected in the street.[4] Wilhelm ßiehl had the tenement rebuilt in 1895 to accommodate more tenants.

The facade, renovated in 2015, displays features of Neo-renaissance style: symmetry, recurrent motifs such as vegetal garlands and pediments on first level windows, series of corbels supporting the roof, thin topping frieze. Openings at ground floor have an interesting ornamental decor repeating all along their frame.



Carl Lachmann tenement, corner house at Podolska Street N°1

1906-1908

German Historicism

The house was commissionned by Carl Lachman,[14] a butcher, owner of a company producing meat, the Gebrüder Lachmann seated at nearby Bahnhofstraße 95a (now N°8).[15] Present corner was located at Rinkauerstraße 4/Buchholzstraße 1.

The facade, renovated in 2015, reminds of the realizations of Fritz Weidner, a fertile architect in Bydgoszcz between 1897 and the 1930s. He designed famous houses in the city, such as in Gdańska Street (N°28, N°79, N°34), in Śniadecki Street (N°2). The house presents forms of German historicism, in a transitional phase between the eclecticism and secession style. Both elevations are purposefully designed on asymmetry, as a means of architectural expression, like the gables' shape, the only bay window in the corner or even the location of the entry gate. Care have been put in the adornement of the latter, in the complexity, both, of the door itself and the rich ornament framing the gate.



Albert Voigt Tenement, Pomorska Street N°5

Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list, N°601394, Reg.A/996, February 04th, 1992[12]

1896, by Józef Swiecicki

Eclecticism

The house was commissionned by Albert Voigt, a railway clerk.[16] In 1910, a restaurant was run there by Christian Rollauer. In 1923, the building renovated by families Rodziewiczówna and Grzymala-Siedlecki was the first place to house a charity kitchen managed by the Union of Poles from the Eastern Borderlands (Polish: Związek Polaków z Kresów Wschodnich). Its goal was to help the displaced Poles victims of the borders changes after the Peace of Riga with USSR. After 1925 the kitchen, led by Anna von Helmersen, living at Jan and Jędrzej Śniadecki Street N°12, moved to Cieszkowski Street N°17.

Among corner buildings of Pomorska Street, this house stands out as it is not built according to a rectangular, but a triangular footprint (like the tenement at N°1): Józef Swiecicki met the requirement, perfectly creating a neo-baroque building skillfully closing the junction with Podolska street.[17] The richness of the architecture echoes those displyed on other tenement by the same architect in the city, such as the Hotel "Pod Orlem" from 1896 or the Tenement at Freedom Square 1 from 1898. In particular some elements are to be underlined: - balconies on Pomorska facade with wrought iron balustrade; - lion masks motifs on the corner of the house; - angel faces with wings ornamenting all facades. The facade giving onto Podolska street has got more Neo-renaissance features.



Tenement at N°7A, corner house with Zduny Street N°1

1893-1894

Eclecticism

August Schild, a cooper [18] had his barrel workshop and storage there from 1895 to 1903 (ancient address "Rinkauerstraße 7"). In 1904, Ignace Sergot, a painter, moved there from Jan and Jędrzej Śniadecki Street N°13;[19] he lived there until the middle of the 1920s.

This corner building displays various architectural elements of decoration on its facades, from triangular and half-circled pediments, to pilasters flanking the window openings, from discrete balustrades to prominent corbels under the roof. Worth mentioning are the two massive balconies overhanging streets crossing, with salient balusters and consoles.



Tenement at N°11

1910

Eclecticism-Art Nouveau

Apparently, the house (with ancient address "Rinkauerstraße 9") has been commisionned by Carl Kretschmer, a copper craftsman, specialized in building machines and pipes.[20] In 1925, Mr. Jasiemicz, a master painter, lived there: the firm he worked for was established in 1835.[21]

The facade displays typical features of Art Nouveau architecture: simplified motifs, wavy shapes, floral ornaments. This elevation echoes facades from architect Erich Lindenburger one can find on Dworcowa Street, at N°45 and 47 (both from 1906). A recent refurbishment of the house has given it back its colors and architectural details.



Fire Station building, Pomorska Street N°16-18

Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list, N°601395, Reg.A/860/1-2, November 24, 1994[12]

1909

Eclecticism-Art Nouveau

The facade displays typical features of Art Nouveau architecture: simplified motifs, wavy shapes, floral ornaments. This elevation echoes facades from architect Erich Lindenburger one can find on Dworcowa Street, at N°45 and 47 (both from 1906).

A refurbishment of the building in 2015 has given it back its colors and architectural details.[22]



Tenement at N°19

20th century

The present house, somehow ordinary, is located on a plot where has been standing a cabaret in the 1920s (Bi-Ba-Bo) and the 1930s (Oaza). At that time, the numbering of the street was still echoing the old Prussian one, eventhough street names changed (from "Rinkauerstraße" to "Pomorska street"): hence the address of the cabaret at N°12, now N°19.



Corner house with Śniadecki Street

1893

Eclecticism-Neo-Renaissance

August Freitwald, a master shoemaker, owned this building which address was then Elisabethstraße 51[23] until 1910.[24]

The architecture reflects main features of end of 19th century Eclecticism, so present in the streets of Bydgoszcz (e.g. Dworcowa Street, Gdańska Street). One can notice a lot of motifs adorning windows, those on the first floor are topped with triangular pediments containing angel faces. Corbels are present on the second floor and at the top of the facade, supporting the roof.



Corner house with Śniadecki Street

1891[25]

Eclecticism & Neo-Renaissance

August Freitwald, a master shoemaker owned this building which address was then Elisabethstraße 49a.[25]

The architecture of N°20 mirrors somehow the one of the tenement across the street at N°18: main differences are located on the corner with a grand pediment crowning the top and a large bay window-balcony over the main entry. The topping pediment has a globe with the house completion date.



Tenement at N°24

Historicism & forms of Northern Mannerism

Gustav ßibbe, a butcher, has been the first owner in 1880[26] of the house standing on this plot (Rinkauerstraße 59). However, the style suggests a rebuilding happened end of 19th century. In the 1915, a restaurant run by Richard Franke moved there[27]

The facade as we know it, is very close to the one designed by Józef Święcicki in Albert Voigt tenement, at Śniadecki Street N°38 which date back to 1893. The elevation is remarkable by its care of symmetry:



Hartung tenement, Pomorska Street N°27

1911-1912

Art Nouveau

The building has been commissioned by Ernest Hartung, a merchant who had his shop set up on the ground floor. He was selling delicatessen, wine and spirits.[28] Initial address was Rinkauerstraße 18. Georg Körnig, another retailer, had his business -a hardware store- at this place.[29]

The tenement elevation reflects nascient features of Art Nouveau in Bydgoszcz, echoing similar buildings, such as in Dworcowa Street or Vienna Secession house in Gdańska Street. The facade does not show wavy shapes (apart on the gable), typical in Art Nouveau, but its decoration boasts other architectural details:



Tenement at N°35, corner house with Kwiatowa street

1897, by Fritz Weidner

Eclecticism & forms of Neo-Baroque and Art Nouveau

Hermann Schulz, a wealthy baker,[30] charged Fritz Weidner to design his habitation, which initial address was Rinkauerstraße 22-23. A thorough refurbishment has been carried out in 2015 by a real estate firm.[31]

Architecturally, the facade echoes the style of corner house with Podolska street, at the southern part of Pomorska street. The façade of the building is decorated with reliefs, floral stucco ornaments and putti. Arched windows, loggias, balconies flanked by massive columns richly adorn the elevation. One can underline the detailed low-relief of Demeter with Cupid as a putto on the first floor, testifying to the wealth of original owner (H.Schulz): as a baker, the image of the goddess of corn, grain, and harvest could be the only patron.



Methodist church, Pomorska Street N°41[32]

Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list, N°601240, Reg.A/805, September 09th, 1989[12]

1883

Historicism & Neo-Gothic[33]

The temple has been used by the local congregation of Baptists since its inception at the crossing with Cieszkowskiego Street. Until 1945, a majority of goers were German. Neglected by years of war, the church needed urgent repair that came only in 1966-1968, when a thorough renovation of the building was made possible with a financial support of the World Council of Churches. This refurbishing encompassed roof, repainting of the interiors and the modernization of the design on the architecture model of temples in Protestant countries. The new building, dedicated in November 1968, became at the time the most modern Methodist Church in Poland.

The temple is a three-nave chapel flanked on its front by two towers topped with steep pyramidal roofs. Neo-gpthic elements can be noticed when looking at the huge, arched windows, the fascias and the portal. Some Italian themes are included in the display of the rose window in the facade and the geometrical frieze running a the top of each tower, beneath the gable. Initial designs did not plan any traceries for side windows, lessening the architectural harmony of the edifice. The chapel has got a dedicated place for the choir. The presbytery still houses the original baptismal pool, but it is no more used. In some parts of the temple one can notice Romanesque architecture influence. A four-storey living area, covered with a low-pitched roof has been added on the north-west part of the temple. The church has appreciable acoustics and its decor and furnishings made it considered as the most modern among the Polish Methodist Churches.



Tenement at N°48, corner house with Cieszkowski Street

Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list, N°601398-Reg.A/1099, May 4, 1994[12]

Eclecticism, forms of Neo-Renaissance & Neo-Baroque

1896, by Józef Święcicki

The first building on the plot dates back to the 1870s. In 1896, has been erected a designed, new, grander tenement, commissioned by the rentier and real estate dealer Gustav Reschke (who already commissioned buildings at Cieszkowski Street N°11 and 17). The ground floor was devoted to retail stores and the rest was a four-storey apartment.[34] Anton Hoffmann, a master mason who was the stepfather Józef Święcicki, lived here (then Rinkauerstraße 47), between 1901 and 1902.[35] A full revitalization of the house, bringing back the original facade appearance with its reconstructed architectural details and original colors, has been carried out in 1993-1994.[34]

The four-storey building has a "L" shape with bay windows and balconies on the first and second floor. The front elevation is symmetrical, with regularly laid out architectural decoration. Some of the first floor windows are flanked by Ionic pilasters. Second floor windows are topped with stylized acanthus pediments.



Tenement at N°50, corner house with Cieszkowski Street

Registered on Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list, N°601399-Reg.A/1051, December 8, 1997[12]

1895, by Fritz Weidner

Eclecticism, forms of picturesque architecture & Neo-Baroque

The first building on the plot dates back to the 1870s. The actual tenement was commissionned by Wilhelmin Wiemer, owner of the lot. Finally, for financial disputes, the project has been carried out by Karl Bergner in place of Weidner. The construction of the building was completed in 1899.[34] The ground floor was devoted to shopping and restoration retail and upper floors for housing. On October 11, 1936, Richard Klewin, a dentist, acquired the building.[36] During the communist era the building housed the restaurant "Gromada", and since 2000, restaurant "Pierogarnia pod Aniołami" ("Dumpling Under the Angels"), run by Caritas association for Bydgoszcz Diocese.[37] The facade has undergone a full overhaul in 1994.[34]

The three-storey building has a "U" shape footprint with a beveled corner. The corner elevation displays an avant-corps as well as the facade onto Cieszkiewski street, which is also enriched with a two-storey bay window.[34] The corner, capped by a spired roof lantern, is flanked on the top with triangular gables with dormer windows. The second floor bay-window is an open arcaded loggia supported by Ionic columns.[34]



Tenement at N°52

1903

Art nouveau, forms of early Modern architecture

Although the plot has been occupied from late 19th century,[38] the current building was built on behalf of Adolf Haase, a railway engineer,[39] who moved there one year after its completion in 1904.

The facade features elements of Art Nouveau details, with its curved shape of the gable or the gate, as well as the presence of thin pilasters flanking middle windows up to the top. However, Art Nouveau ornamentation can not be detected further on, other than rudimentary pediments. We rather discover lean elevation rid of motifs, characterized by vertical lines, simply decorated balconies, typical of early modernism.



Tenement at N°53, corner with Mazowiecka N°1.

1890s

Historicism

Initial address was Heinestraße 1. The Bräuer family lived there since the erection of the tenement in the 1880s[40] until WWI.

The building, though badly damaged by time and lack of maintenance, keeps some elements of its glorious past:



Tenement at N°54

1913

Early Modern architecture

The plot at Rinkauerstraße 42, before this tenement, was owned by a gardener[41] who sold it to Wilhelm Rahne, a plumber,[42] who had the current building erected.

Thanks to a recent restoration in December 2014, the facade now boasts its original style. Few motifs are voluntarily displayed: an elaborate ornament (art) above the entry gate and five eyebrow dormers on the roof. The balance of the elevation is granted by a small balcony in the centre, balanced by two grand bow window on each side, both of which are topped by a balcony. This naked frontage, combined with long vertical lines of windows and bow windows recall early modernist style elements.



Tenement at N°60

1912

Art nouveau, forms of early Modern architecture

After its completion, the actual building, then at Rinkauerstraße 39, housed the "Bromberger wirtschaftsverein" (Bromberg business club).[43] In 1933, the place accommodated a factory of wholesale flours and breads, "Panis", then a bakery owned by Jozef Krajnik[44] until the war. After WWII, Zygmunt Ciupek took over the place and run a candy factory, Danuta, in the courtyard, which was soon merged into a local cooperative.[45] Since 1990, a bakery, "Cemak", is anew located there.

The building echoes houses at N°27, with the ornamented gate with floral motifs (in the Art Nouveau style), but also house at N°52, by the absence of facade decoaration and its lean forms. Once can underline the two long bay windows that run up to the gable, giving balance and stability to the ensemble.



Tenement at N°66

1893

Eclecticism, forms of Neoclassicism

Emanuel Latowski, a turner, bought the building situated at Rinkauerstraße 36 in 1890[46] and had it rebuilt in 1893. He lived there till the end of WWI. Today it is the seat of the Bydgoszcz Association of Houses Owners and Managers (Polish: ZWiZD Bydgoszcz- Zrzeszenie Właścicieli i Zarządców Domów w Bydgoszczy), a 50-year old local real estate institution.

The main elevation is strikingly classicist: apart from the front gate, all the decoration radiates the notion of symmetry and harmony. Such are the position of pediments, small ballustrade and pairs of pilasters. The facade has undergone a recent restoration.



Tenement at N°70

1896-98

Eclecticism & Neo-Renaissance

Mr Machalinski, a building contractors had the tenement at Rinkauerstraße 34 erected in 1898. One year later, the first owner was Oskar Wendt.[47]

Current facade displays a lot of architectural motifs: slight avant-corps on each side, two massive balconies over the entry gate, a long corbel table at the top and, especially, many richly decorated pediments above windows.



Świętojańska 21 - Pomorska

1910-1912

Modern architecture

The initial tenement comprised two houses, one on Pomorska street (Rinkauerstraße 33) and the other on Świętojańska street (Johannisstraße 22). The former address was first owned by Bartholomäus Ferrari, a baker, in 1893,[48] while for the latter, the first landlord was Theofil Krüger, a merchant, after completion of the actual corner house.[49]

The facade is deprived from of adorning, except the three couples of balconies. On the roof, one can notice symmetrical display of various dormers: gable fronted, eyebrow, curved shaped gable wall ones and shed dormers.



Northern part of Pomorska street, on the other side of the intersection with Świętojańska street, was named before 1920 Verlängerte Rinkauerstraße ("Extended Rinkauerstraße"), and from 1920 to 1945 Ulica Szczecinska' ("Szczecin Street").

Świętojańska 22 - Pomorska N°74

1896-1897.[50]

Neo-Renaissance & elements of Neo-Baroque

Julius Hoffman, a secretary, was the first owner of the double house (Johannisstraße 1 and Verl. Rinkauerstraße 12) in 1897, the plot being empty till that time[50] Two years later, the tenement housed a hardware store.[51] Today, the renovated building is a hotel, "Hostel przy Świętojańskiej".

On the one hand, window symmetrical disposition, overall balanced facades, smooth stone walls are characteristics of Neo-Renaissance style, as weel as ornately-carved stone window trim varying in design at each story and small square windows on top floor. On the other hand, some elements of Neo-Baroque are popping up on the facade decoration: very complex ornamentation of pediments and wrought iron balconies, large flower motifs on the second floor, topped on each side by a long plain ballustrade standing on the roof.



Northern part of Pomorska street, on the other side of the intersection with Świętojańska street, was named before 1920 Verlängerte Rinkauerstraße ("Extended Rinkauerstraße"), and from 1920 to 1945 Ulica Szczecinska' ("Szczecin Street").

Londynek, Pomorska Street N°75,77, 88A to 88H

1873-1878[52]

Half timbered barracks

These buildings are the remnants of military barracks where was billeted Prussian Infantry Regiment N°148(German: 5. Westpreußisches Infanterie-Regiment Nr. 148),[53] from 1878 till the outbreak of WWI. After 1920, premises housed the Polish 61th Infantry Regiment (Polish: 61 Pułk Piechoty).[54] The district is called "Londynek" (Small London) for houses' likeness to some 19th century London Half timbered buildings.[55] Some edifices are today inhabited, other are deserted (N)77 for instance): a local urban revitalization project plans to renovate the area.[56]

Houses are Half timbered edifices, infilled by brick. Such military architecture can be also found in Gdańska Street 147, since Bromberg was an important garrison city under Prussian rule.



See also

External links

Bibliography

References

  1. ↑ Czachorowski Antoni red.: Atlas historyczny miast polskich, Tom II Kujawy. Zeszyt I Bydgoszcz, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika Toruń 1997
  2. ↑ 1800 map-Bromberg. - Specieller Plan der Königl. preuss.-an der Brahe-Flus liegenden Handlungs und Haupt-Stadt Bromberg in Netzdistricte, nebst ihrer umliegenden Gegend im Jahr 1800, mit der Busole nach Schritte / aufgenommen und gezeichnet durch den Lieutenant von Lindner
  3. ↑ "Stare mapy Bydgoszczy i okolic". staremapy.bydgoszcz.pl. leafletjs.com/. 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  4. 1 2 Plan der Stadt Bromberg, 1876
  5. ↑ Plan Miasta Bydgoszczy, 1933
  6. ↑ StadtBaurat map Bromberg, 10.VIII.1941
  7. ↑ 1945 Plan Miasta- Zarzad Miejski w Bydgoszczy
  8. ↑ Gminna Ewidencja Zabytków Miasta Bydgoszczy. [w:] Program Opieki nad Zabytkami miasta Bydgoszczy na lata 2013-2016
  9. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1885 (1885). "straßen". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 4.
  10. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1908 (1908). "straßen". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 340.
  11. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1915 (1915). "straßen". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 325.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 zabytek-kujawsko-pomorskie-data dostępu=28.02.2014
  13. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1880 (1880). "Alphabetisches berzeichnis". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 92.
  14. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1908 (1908). "Alphabetisches berzeichnis". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 351.
  15. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1908 (1908). "Alphabetisches berzeichnis". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 507.
  16. ↑ Materialy do Dziejów Kultury i Sztuki Bydgoszczy i Regionu (2001). Józef Swiecicki – szkic biografii bydgoskiego budowniczego. Bogna Derkowska-Kostkowska. p. 32.
  17. ↑ "Bydgoszcz ul. Pomorska 5 [1896]". Bydgoszcz Józefa Święcickiego. Katarzyna Gwincińska. 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
  18. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1895 (1895). "I, Alphabetic name list". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 149.
  19. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1904 (1904). "I, Alphabetic name list". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 190.
  20. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1915 (1915). "I, Alphabetic name list". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 349.
  21. ↑ Advertising in the "Adresy Miasta Bydgoszczy na rok 1925"
  22. ↑ "Dobiega końca modernizacja zabytkowej remizy przy Pomorskiej". Bydgoszcz24.pl. Bydgoszcz24. 2015. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  23. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1893 (1893). "straßen". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 26.
  24. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1910 (1910). "straßen". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 45.
  25. 1 2 Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1891 (1891). "straßen". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 26.
  26. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1880 (1880). "straßen". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. pp. XXXIX.
  27. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1915 (1915). "Alphabetisches berzeichnis". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 274.
  28. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1915 (1915). "straßen". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 317.
  29. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1915 (1915). "straßen". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 128.
  30. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1898 (1898). "straßen". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 58.
  31. ↑ "Villa Kwiatowa". immobilis.nieruchomosci. subeli.com. 2015. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
  32. ↑ "KOŚCIÓŁ-EWANGELICKI-METODYSTYCZNY". Sanktuarium Krolowej Meczennikow Kalwaria Bydgoska - Golgota XX wieku - Bazylika Mniejsza W Bydgoszczy-Fordonie. KW-net. 2013. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  33. ↑ Kuberska Inga: Architektura sakralna Bydgoszczy w okresie historyzmu. In. Materiały do dziejów kultury i sztuki Bydgoszczy i regionu. Zeszyt 3. Bydgoszcz 1998
  34. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Winter Piotr: Ulica Augusta Cieszkowskiego w Bydgoszczy. Zespół architektoniczny z przełomu XIX i XX wieku, Wojewódzki Ośrodek Kultury w Bydgoszczy, Bydgoszcz 1996
  35. ↑ "Antoni Hoffmann (1822-1908) - tradycja i profesjonalizm w bydgoskiej architekturze". Bydgoszcz Józefa Święcickiego. Katarzyna Gwincińska. 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  36. ↑ Odpis z Księgi Wieczystej nr 3922/Bydgoszcz, tom 32, wykaz 1212.
  37. ↑ "Caritas Diecezji Bydgoskiej". bydgoszcz.caritas.pl. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
  38. ↑ Strassen Plan von Bromberg, 1900- Mittler'sche Buchhandlung (A. Fromm.)
  39. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1903 (1903). "straßen". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 75.
  40. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1878 (1878). "Alphabetisches Berzeichnis der einwohner". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 12.
  41. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1900 (1900). "Straßen". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 57.
  42. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1915 (1915). "Alphabetisches Berzeichnis der einwohner". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 424.
  43. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1915 (1915). "Straßen". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 129.
  44. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1937 (1937). "Alphabeticzny spis mieszkancow m. Bydgoszczy". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 129.
  45. ↑ "Dom związany z chlebem". pomorska.pl. Gazeta pomorska. 2008. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  46. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1894 (1894). "Straßen". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 57.
  47. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1899 (1899). "Alphabetisches Berzeichnis der einwohner". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 205.
  48. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1893 (1893). "Alphabetisches Berzeichnis der einwohner". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 49.
  49. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1915 (1915). "Alphabetisches Berzeichnis der einwohner". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 353.
  50. 1 2 Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1897 (1899). "Alphabetisches Berzeichnis der einwohner". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 71.
  51. ↑ Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1899 (1897). "Straßen". auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. p. 45.
  52. ↑ "Pomorska 77 - zdegradowany budynek Londynka". bydgoszcz24.pl. Bydgoszcz24. 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
  53. ↑ "41st Division (German Empire)". memim.com. memim. 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
  54. ↑ Plan Miasto Bydgoszczy, 1933
  55. ↑ "Bydgoszcz Londynek". garnek.pl. Garnek. Retrieved 20 February 2016.
  56. ↑ "Zburzą Londynek, zbudują Londyn". express.bydgoski.pl. express bydgoski. 2013. Retrieved 20 February 2016.

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