Potassium citrate

Potassium citrate
Names
IUPAC name
tripotassium citrate
Identifiers
866-84-2 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL1200458 N
ChemSpider 12775 YesY
Jmol interactive 3D Image
PubChem 13344
Properties
C6H5K3O7
Molar mass 306.395 g/mol
Appearance white powder
hygroscopic
Odor odorless
Density 1.98 g/cm3
Melting point 180 °C (356 °F; 453 K)[1]
Boiling point 230 °C (446 °F; 503 K)[1]
soluble
Solubility soluble in glycerin
insoluble in ethanol (95%)
Acidity (pKa) 8.5
Pharmacology
ATC code A12BA02
Hazards
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
170 mg/kg (IV, dog)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Potassium citrate (also known as tripotassium citrate) is a potassium salt of citric acid with the molecular formula C6H5K3O7. It is a white, hygroscopic crystalline powder. It is odorless with a saline taste. It contains 38.3% potassium by mass. In the monohydrate form it is highly hygroscopic and deliquescent.

As a food additive, potassium citrate is used to regulate acidity and is known as E number E332. Medicinally, it may be used to control kidney stones derived from either uric acid or cystine.

Production

Potassium citrate is produced by adding potassium bicarbonate or potassium carbonate to a solution of citric acid until effervescence ceases, filtering the solution and evaporating to granulation.

Uses

Potassium citrate is rapidly absorbed when given by mouth and is excreted in the urine.[2] Since it is an alkaline salt it is effective in reducing the pain and frequency of urination when these are caused by highly acidic urine.[3] It is used for this purpose in dogs and cats, but is chiefly employed as a non-irritating diuretic.

Potassium citrate is an effective way to treat/manage gout[4] and arrhythmia, if the patient is hypokalemic.

It is widely used to treat urinary calculi (kidney stones) and is often used by patients with cystinuria. A study of 500 patients with recurrent stones found that it reduced the frequency of stones from 2 per year to a half per year.

It is also used as an alkanizing agent in the treatment of mild urinary tract infections such as cystitis.[5]

Usual Adult Dose: 3 to 6 teaspoonfuls (15 to 30 mL), diluted with 1 glass of water, after meals and at bedtime, or as directed by a physician.

Usual Pediatric Dose: 1 to 3 teaspoonfuls (5 to 15 mL), diluted with 1/2 glass of water, after meals and at bedtime, or as directed by a physician.

Usual Dosage Range: 2 to 3 teaspoonfuls (10 to 15 mL), diluted with a glassful of water, taken four times a day. A brand, Cytra-K Oral Solution, diluted with a glassful of water, taken four times a day will usually maintain a urinary pH of 7.0-7.6 throughout most of the 24 hours without unpleasant side effects.

It is also used in many soft drinks as a buffering agent.

Administration

Potassium citrate is usually administered by mouth in dilute aqueous solution. This is because of its somewhat caustic effect on the stomach lining, and the potential for other mild health hazards.

In the United-States, in states where non-prescription potassium citrate is legal, the maximum allowable over-the-counter (OTC) dose for elemental potassium is regulated by the FDA to be no more than 100 mg (approximately 3% of the daily allowance). Pure potassium citrate contains 38.28% potassium.

External links

References

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Sunday, December 06, 2015. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.