Presence (album)

Presence
Studio album by Led Zeppelin
Released	31 March 1976[1]
Recorded	November–December 1975[1]
Studio	Musicland Studios, Munich, West Germany[1]
Genre	Hard rock blues rock
Length	44:25
Label	Swan Song
Producer	Jimmy Page
Led Zeppelin chronology
Physical Graffiti (1975) Presence (1976) The Song Remains the Same (1976)
Singles from Presence
"Candy Store Rock"/"Royal Orleans" Released: 18 June 1976

Presence is the seventh studio album by the English rock band Led Zeppelin, released by Swan Song Records on 31 March 1976. The album was a commercial success, reaching the top of both the British and American album charts, and achieving a triple-platinum certification in the United States, despite receiving mixed reviews from critics and being the slowest-selling studio album by the band (other than the outtake album Coda).

It was written and recorded during a tumultuous time in the band's history, as singer Robert Plant was recuperating from serious injuries he had sustained the previous year in a car accident. Nevertheless, guitarist Jimmy Page describes Presence as the band's "most important" album, proving they would continue and succeed despite their turmoil.^[2]

Background

Jimmy Page made the decision to record the album after Robert Plant sustained serious injuries from a car accident on the Greek island of Rhodes on 5 August 1975, which forced the band to cancel a proposed world tour that was due to commence on 23 August.^[3] At this point, Led Zeppelin were arguably at the height of their popularity. When he was taken to a Greek hospital after the accident, Plant recalled:

I was lying there in some pain trying to get cockroaches off the bed and the guy next to me, this drunken soldier, started singing "The Ocean" from Houses of the Holy.^[4]

During a convalescent period on the Channel Island of Jersey and in Malibu, California, Plant wrote some lyrics, and when Page joined him at Malibu, these compositions were fleshed out. The two prepared enough material for rehearsals to begin at Hollywood's SIR Studio, where drummer John Bonham and bass player John Paul Jones joined them.

After a month of rehearsals, the album was recorded in just eighteen days^[5] at Musicland Studios in Munich, West Germany, with Plant in a wheelchair. This was the fastest recording turnaround time achieved by the band since their debut album.^[3] The rushed recording sessions were in part a result of Led Zeppelin having booked the studio immediately prior to The Rolling Stones, who were shortly to record songs for their album Black and Blue. Upon their arrival, the Stones were amazed that Zeppelin's album had indeed been completed (both recorded and mixed) in a mere eighteen days. Page had simply stayed awake for two days straight to perform all of the guitar overdubs. As he later explained:

I just had to lay it down, more or less: first track... second track – you know, really fast working on that. And all the guitar overdubs on Presence were done in one night. But I didn't think I would be able to do it in one night, I thought I'd have to do it across maybe three different nights to get the individual sections. Everything sort of crystallised and you'll notice everything was just pouring out. I was very happy with the guitar playing on that whole album, you know as far as the maturity of playing goes.^[6]

In an interview he gave to Guitar World magazine in 1998, Page stated that he worked an average of 18 to 20 hours per day during the mixing period at Musicland Studios:

[A]fter the band finished recording all its parts, me and the engineer, Keith Harwood, just started mixing until we would fall asleep. Then whoever would wake up first would call the other and we'd go back in and continue to work until we passed out again.^[7]

The recording sessions for Presence were also particularly challenging for Plant. The studio was in a basement of an old hotel, and the singer felt claustrophobic.^[8] He also experienced physical difficulties as a result of his car accident, and missed his family. He later explained:

I spent the whole process in a wheelchair, so physically I was really frustrated. I think my vocal performance on it is pretty poor. It sounds tired and strained. The saving grace of the album was "Candy Store Rock" and "Achilles Last Stand". The rhythm section on that it was so inspired ... I was furious with Page and [band manager] Peter Grant. I was just furious that I couldn't get back to the woman and the children that I loved. And I was thinking, is all this rock'n'roll worth anything at all?^[8]

The album was completed on 26 November 1975. This was the day before Thanksgiving, and in a telephone call to Swan Song Records, Page suggested the album be named Thanksgiving.^[3] This idea was quickly dropped, in favour of a title that was thought would represent the powerful force and presence that the band members felt surrounded the group.^[3]

One song from the recording sessions, "10 Ribs & All/Carrot Pod Pod" (otherwise known as "Pod") was later released on the 2015 deluxe edition of the album.

Composition

Six of the seven songs on the album are Page and Plant compositions; the remaining song being credited to all four band members. This can be explained by the fact that the majority of the songs were formulated at Malibu, where Page (but not Bonham and Jones) had initially joined a recuperating Plant.^[3] With Plant at less than full fitness, Page took responsibility for the album's completion, and his playing dominates the album's tracks.^[3]

Both Page and Plant had planned this album's recording session as a return to hard rock, much like their debut album, except at a new level of complexity. It marked a change in the Led Zeppelin sound towards more straightforward, guitar-based jams. Whereas their previous albums up to and including the previous year's Physical Graffiti contain electric hard rock anthems balanced with acoustic ballads and intricate arrangements, Presence was seen to include more simplified riffs, and is Led Zeppelin's only studio album that features no keyboards, and with the exception of a rhythm track on "Candy Store Rock", no acoustic guitar. The record stands in sharp contrast to their next studio album In Through the Out Door, which features keyboards on all tracks and pushes Page's guitar into the background on several songs (most notably on "Carouselambra", where Jones takes the lead on a synthesizer for most of the song, and Page is not truly heard until four minutes into the song).

The changed stylistic emphasis on this album was a direct result of the troubled circumstances experienced by the band around the time of its recording. As Page said at the time:

I think it was just a reflection of the total anxiety and emotion of that period. There's a hell of a lot of spontaneity about that album. We went in with virtually nothing and everything just came pouring out.^[3]

Plant expressed similar views, stating:

It was really like a cry of survival. There won't be another album like it, put it like that. It was a cry from the depths, the only thing that we could do.^[9]

In contrast to earlier albums that contained several tracks that the band chose to play live at Led Zeppelin concerts, only two tracks from Presence were played in full on stage while the band was active. "Achilles Last Stand" and "Nobody's Fault but Mine" were added to the setlist for the 1977 tour of the United States and stayed through the band's final concerts in 1980. Some of the guitar solo from "Tea for One" was also incorporated into "Since I've Been Loving You" in these shows, but the actual song was never performed live until the Page and Plant tour of Japan in 1996, where it received three airings backed by an orchestra. "For Your Life" was played in full by Led Zeppelin for the first time at the Ahmet Ertegün Tribute Concert on 10 December 2007.

The lack of live interpretations of the Presence material is perhaps understandable given that it would be a full year before they would return to the road.^[3]

Album sleeve design

The cover and inside sleeve of this album, created by Hipgnosis, features various images of people interacting with a black obelisk-shaped object. Inside the album sleeve, the item is referred to simply as "The Object." It was intended to represent the "force and presence" of Led Zeppelin.^[3] In the liner notes of the first Led Zeppelin boxed set, Page explained:

There was no working title for the album. The record-jacket designer said 'When I think of the group, I always think of power and force. There's a definite presence there.' That was it. He wanted to call it Obelisk. To me, it was more important what was behind the obelisk. The cover is very tongue-in-cheek, to be quite honest. Sort of a joke on [the film] 2001. I think it's quite amusing.

The background used in the cover photograph is of an artificial marina that was installed inside London's Earl's Court Arena for the annual Earl's Court Boat Show that was held in the winter of 1974–75. This was the same venue where the band played a series of concerts a few months after the boat show, in May 1975.

In 1977, Hipgnosis and George Hardie were nominated for a Grammy Award in the category of Best Album Package.

Release and critical reception

Professional ratings
Aggregate scores
Source	Rating
Metacritic	77/100[10]
Review scores
Source	Rating
AllMusic	[11]
Robert Christgau	B[12]
The Daily Telegraph	[13]
Entertainment Weekly	C+[14]
MusicHound	4/5[15]
Pitchfork Media	7.6/10[16]
Q	[17]
Rolling Stone	(mixed)[18]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide	[19]

The album was released on 31 March 1976, having been delayed by the completion of the album sleeve.^[3] In Britain it attained one of the highest ever advance orders, shipping gold on the day of release. It peaked at #1 on the US Billboard Pop Albums chart, leaping from #24 inside two weeks.^[3] However, this album has not been one of the band's biggest sellers, and it received lukewarm reviews upon its release.^[20] In late 1976 the album was also overshadowed by the release of the band's movie and soundtrack The Song Remains the Same.^[3]

According to Dave Lewis, "The direct, hard-hitting nature of the seven recordings failed to connect with a fan base more accustomed to the diversity and experimental edge of their previous work.^[21] Page later acknowledged that, because the album conveys a sense of urgency resulting from the troubled circumstances in which it was recorded, "it's not an easy album for a lot of people to access ... [I]t's not an easy album for a lot of people to listen to."^[22]

However, despite its initially subdued reception, Lewis considers that Presence

has become a much underrated element of their catalogue. The basic drums-bass-guitars formula may lack the diversity of previous Zeppelin sets, but in terms of sheer energy, 'Presence' packs a considerable punch, and has emerged as one of their most potent performances... This album is also a triumph for Jimmy Page. His production and dominant guitar style has an urgency and passion that reflects the troubled period that the group were going through at the time. 'Presence' is Led Zeppelin with their backs against the wall.^[3]

Music journalist Stephen Davis (author of Led Zeppelin biography Hammer of the Gods) gave Presence a mixed review in Rolling Stone when it was released ^[23] but revised his opinion over the years, declaring Presence his favourite Led Zeppelin album and the best on-record studio representation of the band's elemental sound.^[24]

2015 reissue

A remastered version of Presence, along with In Through the Out Door and Coda were reissued on 31 July 2015. The reissue comes in six formats: a standard CD edition, a deluxe two-CD edition, a standard LP version, a deluxe two-LP version, a super deluxe two-CD plus two-LP version with a hardback book, and as high resolution 96k/24-bit digital downloads. The deluxe and super deluxe editions feature bonus material containing alternative takes and one previously unreleased instrumental, "10 Ribs & All/Carrot Pod Pod." The reissue was released with a more vibrantly-coloured version of the original album's artwork as the bonus disc's cover.^[25]

Track listing

All songs written and composed by Jimmy Page and Robert Plant, except where noted. 

Side one
No.	Title	Length
1.	"Achilles Last Stand"	10:30
2.	"For Your Life"	6:21
3.	"Royal Orleans" (John Bonham, John Paul Jones, Page, and Plant)	2:59

Side two
No.	Title	Length
4.	"Nobody's Fault but Mine"	6:28
5.	"Candy Store Rock"	4:08
6.	"Hots On for Nowhere"	4:44
7.	"Tea for One"	9:23

Deluxe edition bonus disc

Reissued track listing
No.	Title	Length
1.	"Two Ones Are Won" ("Achilles Last Stand") (Reference Mix)	10:28
2.	"For Your Life" (Reference Mix)	6:28
3.	"10 Ribs & All/Carrot Pod Pod" (Reference Mix) (Jones and Page)	6:49
4.	"Royal Orleans" (Reference Mix) (Bonham, Jones, Page, and Plant)	3:00
5.	"Hots On for Nowhere" (Reference Mix)	4:44
Total length:		31:32

Sales chart performance

Chart (1976)	Peak position
Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart	4
Canadian RPM Top 100 Albums Chart[26]	16
Danish Albums Chart[27]	13
French Albums Chart[28]	5
Italian Albums Chart[29]	15
Japanese Albums Chart[30]	2
New Zealand Top 50 Albums Chart[31]	8
Norwegian Albums Chart[32]	4
Spanish Albums Chart[33]	7
Swedish Albums Chart[34]	8
UK Albums Chart[35]	1
US Billboard 200 Albums Chart[36]	1
West German Albums Chart[37]	27
Chart (2015)	Peak position
Swiss Albums Chart[38]	9

Sales certifications

Region	Certification	Sales/shipments
United Kingdom (BPI)[39]	Platinum	300,000
United States (RIAA)[40]	3× Platinum	3,000,000
^^shipments figures based on certification alone

Personnel

Led Zeppelin

• John Bonham – drums, percussion
• John Paul Jones – four and eight-string bass guitars, piano (Deluxe Edition only)
• Jimmy Page – guitars, production
• Robert Plant – lead vocals, harmonica on "Nobody's Fault but Mine"

Additional personnel

• Barry Diament – mastering (original 1987 CD release)
• Peter Grant – executive producer
• Jeremy Gee – tape engineering
• George Hardie – sleeve design
• Keith Harwood – engineering, mixing
• Hipgnosis – sleeve design
• George Marino – remastered CD release

References

1. Presence, Led Zeppelin, Atlantic Records, R2-547435, Super Deluxe Edition Box, 2014 Liner Notes, page 3
2. See Cameron Crowe's essay in The Complete Studio Recordings (1993).
3. Dave Lewis (1994), The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9
4. Light & Shade Cameron Crowe, Led Zeppelin Boxed Set liner notes
5. Liner notes by Cameron Crowe for The Song Remains the Same, reissued version, 2007.
6. A to Zeppelin: The Story of Led Zeppelin, Passport Video, 2004.
7. Brad Tolinski and Greg Di Bendetto, "Light and Shade", Guitar World, January 1998.
8. Chris Welch (1994) Led Zeppelin, London: Orion Books. ISBN 1-85797-930-3, pp. 79–81.
9. Gilmore, Mikal (10 August 2006). "The Long Shadow of Led Zeppelin". Rolling Stone (1006). Retrieved 9 December 2007.
10. "Presence [Remastered] - Led Zeppelin". Metacritic. Retrieved 3 January 2016.
11. AllMusic Review
12. "Robert Christgau Review". Robertchristgau.com. 15 June 1972. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
13. McCormick, Neil (23 April 2014). "Led Zeppelin's albums ranked from worst to best". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
14. Tom Sinclair (20 June 2003). "Entertainment Weekly Review". EW.com. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
15. Graff, Gary; Durchholz, Daniel (eds) (1999). MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide. Farmington Hills, MI: Visible Ink Press. p. 662. ISBN 1-57859-061-2.
16. Richardson, Mark (28 July 2015). "Led Zeppelin Presence". Pitchfork Media. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
17. "Led Zeppelin Presence". Q. November 1994. p. 143.
18. Davis, Stephen (20 May 1976). "Rolling Stone Review". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
19. "Led Zeppelin: Album Guide". rollingstone.com. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
20. Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Led Zeppelin Biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 11 November 2008.
21. Dave Lewis (2003), Led Zeppelin: Celebration II: The 'Tight But Loose' Files, London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 1-84449-056-4, p. 45.
22. Nigel Williamson, "Forget the Myths", Uncut, May 2005, p. 72.
23. Rolling Stone, 20 May 1976
24. Davis, Stephen, Hammer of the Gods
25. Grow, Kory (3 June 2015). "Led Zeppelin Announce Final Three Deluxe Reissues". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
26. "RPM Albums Chart – 5 June 1976". RPM. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
27. "Top 20/30, April 19, 1976". Retrieved 30 March 2016.
28. "Top 100 Albums – 1976". infodisc.fr. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
29. "Top 100 Albums – 1976". Hit Parade Italia. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
30. "Top 100 Albums – 17 April 1976". Oricon. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
31. Scapolo, Dean (2007). "Top 50 Albums – June 1976". The Complete New Zealand Music Charts (1st ed.). Wellington: Transpress. ISBN 978-1-877443-00-8.
32. "Top 20 Albums – 18 April 1976". norwegiancharts.com. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
33. "Top 100 Albums – 17 July 1976". PROMUSICAE. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
34. "Top 60 Albums – 26 April 1976". swedishcharts.com. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
35. "Top 100 Albums – 24 April 1976". chartstats.com. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
36. "The Billboard 200 – 1 May 1976". Billboard. Archived from the original on 16 May 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
37. "Top 100 Albums – June 1976". charts-surfer.de. Archived from the original on 8 January 2009. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
38. "Led Zeppelin - Presence". hitparade.ch. Retrieved 12 August 2015.
39. "British album certifications – Led Zeppelin – Presence". British Phonographic Industry. Enter Presence in the field Keywords. Select Title in the field Search by. Select album in the field By Format. Select Platinum in the field By Award. Click Search
40. "American album certifications – Led Zeppelin – Presence". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH

External links

• Presence at MusicBrainz