Whole Lotta Love

"Whole Lotta Love"
Single by Led Zeppelin
from the album Led Zeppelin II
B-side	"Living Loving Maid (She's Just a Woman)"
Released	7 November 1969
Format	7" single
Recorded	May 1969 at Olympic Studios, London
Genre	Hard rock[1][2] blues rock[3]
Length	5:34 (album version) 5:33 (single, 1st pressings) 3:10 (single, 2nd pressings)
Label	Atlantic 2690 (US)
Writer(s)	John Bonham Willie Dixon John Paul Jones Jimmy Page Robert Plant
Producer(s)	Jimmy Page
Certification	Gold
Led Zeppelin singles chronology
"Good Times Bad Times" / "Communication Breakdown" (1969) "Whole Lotta Love" / "Living Loving Maid (She's Just a Woman)" (1969) "Immigrant Song" / "Hey Hey What Can I Do" (1970) Music sample "Whole Lotta Love"

"Whole Lotta Love" is a song by English hard rock band Led Zeppelin. It is the opening track on the band's second album, Led Zeppelin II, and was released in the United States, several countries in Europe, and Japan as a single; as with other Led Zeppelin songs, no single was released in the United Kingdom. The US release became their first hit single, being certified Gold on 13 April 1970, having sold one million copies.^[4] It reached number one in Germany, and number four in the Netherlands. Parts of the song were adapted from Willie Dixon's "You Need Love", recorded by Muddy Waters in 1962; originally uncredited to Dixon, a lawsuit in 1985 was settled with a payment to Dixon and credit on subsequent releases.

In 2004, the song was ranked number 75 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, and in March 2005, Q magazine placed "Whole Lotta Love" at number three in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Tracks. It was placed 11 on a similar list by Rolling Stone. In 2009 it was named the third greatest hard rock song of all time by VH1.^[1] Already part of their live repertoire, "Whole Lotta Love" saw its first official release on the LP Led Zeppelin II on 22 October 1969 (Atlantic LP #8236). In 2014, listeners to BBC Radio 2 voted "Whole Lotta Love" as containing the greatest guitar riff of all time.^[5]

Composition

The song is in compound AABA form.^[6] Page came up with the guitar riff for "Whole Lotta Love" in the summer of 1968, on his houseboat along the Thames in Pangbourne, England.^[7] Playing the loose blues riff for the intro, on a Sunburst 1958 Les Paul Standard guitar^[8] which ascends into the first chorus. Then, beginning at 1:24 (and lasting until 3:02) the song dissolves to a free jazz-like break involving a theremin solo and a drum solo and the orgasmic moans of Robert Plant. As audio engineer Eddie Kramer has explained: "The famous Whole Lotta Love mix, where everything is going bananas, is a combination of Jimmy and myself just flying around on a small console twiddling every knob known to man." Kramer is also quoted as saying:

[A]t one point there was bleed-through of a previously recorded vocal in the recording of "Whole Lotta Love". It was the middle part where Robert [Plant] screams "Wo-man ... You need ... Love" Since we couldn't re-record at that point, I just threw some echo on it to see how it would sound and Jimmy [Page] said "Great! Just leave it."^[9]

Led Zeppelin's bass player John Paul Jones has stated that Page's famous riff probably emerged from a stage improvisation during the band's playing of "Dazed and Confused".^[10]

Alternatively, Jimmy Page has vehemently denied that the song originated onstage:

Interviewer: Is it true "Whole Lotta Love" was written onstage during a gig in America, when you were all jamming on a Garnett Mimms song?

Page: No. No. Absolutely incorrect. No, it was put together when we were rehearsing some music for the second album. I had a riff, everyone was at my house, and we kicked it from there. Never was it written during a gig--where did you hear that?

Interviewer: I read it in a book.

Page (sarcastically): Oh, good. I hope it was that Rough Guide. That's the latest one, the most inaccurate. They're all inaccurate, you know.^[11]

In a separate interview, Page explained:

I had [the riff] worked out already before entering the studio. I had rehearsed it. And then all of that other stuff, sonic wave sound and all that, I built it up in the studio, and put effects on it and things, treatments.^[12]

For this track, Page employed the backwards echo production technique.^[8]

Release

Upon release of the LP, radio stations looked for a track that would fit their on-air formats from the quickly successful LP with the pulsing lead track "Whole Lotta Love" being the prime contender. However, because many radio stations saw the freeform middle section as unfit to air they simply created their own edited versions. Atlantic Records was quick to respond and in addition to the release of the regular single in the US (coupled with "Living Loving Maid (She's Just a Woman)" from the same LP as the B-side) released a 3:10 version of the track with the freeform section cut and an earlier fade-out on 7 November 1969. Both versions were released as Atlantic #45-2690. The edited version was intended for radio station promotional release but some copies were apparently released commercially in the US and are a collector's item for fans. The song was released as a single in the US, France, Germany (as No 1), Switzerland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Australia (where it was also issued as an EP) and Japan (countries where the band had less control). The edited version was withdrawn.

In the United Kingdom, Atlantic Records had expected to issue the edited version themselves, and pressed initial copies for release on 5 December 1969. However, band manager Peter Grant was adamant that the band maintain a "no-singles" approach to marketing their recorded music in the UK, and he halted the release. An official statement from the band added that they had written a special number which they intended to be their first British single. This never materialised, and despite much record company pressure, they declined to issue official singles in the UK throughout their career.^[8]

Several years later, Atlantic Records reissued "Whole Lotta Love" (with its original B-side "Living Loving Maid") on its Oldies Series label (OS-13116) with a slight error. The edited 3:10 version was used for the reissue, but the labels were printed with the unedited running time of 5:33.

In 1997 Atlantic Records released a CD-single edited (to 4:50 this time) from the original 1969 recording of the song. This version charted in the UK where the band had maintained control over single releases during their existence.

Similarities to "You Need Love"

In 1962, Muddy Waters recorded a blues vocal, "You Need Love", for Chess Records.^[13] As he had done with "You Shook Me", Waters overdubbed vocals on an instrumental track previously recorded by blues guitarist Earl Hooker and his band.^[13] Willie Dixon wrote the lyrics, which Dixon biographer Mitsutoshi Inaba describes as being "about the necessity of love":

You've got yearnin' and I got burnin'
Baby you look so ho sweet and cunnin'
Baby way down inside, woman you need love
Woman you need love, you've got to have some love
I'm gon' give you some love, I know you need love^[1]

1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Inaba was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

In 1966, British band the Small Faces recorded the song as "You Need Loving" for their eponymous debut Decca album. According to Steve Marriott, the group's vocalist and guitarist, Page and Plant attended several Small Faces gigs, where they expressed their interest in the song.^[14] Plant's phrasing is particularly similar to that of Marriott's, who added "he [Plant] sang it the same, phrased it the same, even the stops at the end were the same".^[14] Similarities with "You Need Love" led to a lawsuit against Led Zeppelin in 1985, settled out of court in favour of Dixon for an undisclosed amount.^[8] On subsequent releases, Dixon's name is included on the credits for "Whole Lotta Love".^[15]

Page's riff was Page's riff. It was there before anything else. I just thought, 'well, what am I going to sing?' That was it, a nick. Now happily paid for. At the time, there was a lot of conversation about what to do. It was decided that it was so far away in time and influence that ... well, you only get caught when you're successful. That's the game.

— Robert Plant, Musician, (1990)^[16]

Chart success and live history

The single entered the Billboard Hot 100 chart on 22 November 1969. It remained on the chart for 15 weeks, peaking at no. 4 and becoming the band's only top 10 single in the US.^[17] Live, the song debuted 26 April 1969.^[18] When performed live, "Whole Lotta Love" also occasionally included segments of other Led Zeppelin songs such as "I Can't Quit You Baby", "You Shook Me", "How Many More Times", "Your Time Is Gonna Come", "Good Times Bad Times", "The Lemon Song", "The Crunge", "D'yer Mak'er", "Black Dog", "Out on the Tiles" and "Ramble On". A famous show closer at Led Zeppelin concerts, it was since mid-1970 performed as a medley of blues and rhythm and blues interpolations favoured by the band. Many of these included classics by Eddie Cochran, Elvis Presley and John Lee Hooker.

Live versions of "Whole Lotta Love" were released officially on the following titles:

• The Song Remains the Same; 2xLP (28 September 1976; Swan Song #SS2-201; from a 1973 concert and movie soundtrack)
• Led Zeppelin BBC Sessions; 2xCD (11 November 1997; Atlantic #83061; from a 1971 concert)
• How the West Was Won; 3xCD (27 May 2003; Atlantic #83587; from a 1972 concert)
• Led Zeppelin DVD; 2xDVD (2003; from a 1979 and a 1970 concert)

"Whole Lotta Love" was the last song Led Zeppelin ever played live. It was however performed again at the band's reunions at Live Aid in 1985 (with drummers Phil Collins and Tony Thompson), at the Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary concert in 1988, and at the Ahmet Ertegun Tribute Concert at the O2 Arena, London, on 10 December 2007 (both with drummer Jason Bonham).

Accolades

Publication	Country	Accolade	Year	Rank
Spin	United States	"100 Greatest Singles of All Time"[19]	1989	39
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame	United States	"The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll"[20]	1994	*
Classic Rock	United Kingdom	"Ten of the Best Songs Ever!.. (Bubbling under)"[21]	1999	30
VH1	United States	"100 Greatest Rock Songs"[22]	2009	46
Rolling Stone	United States	"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time"[23]	2003	75
Q	United Kingdom	"100 Greatest Guitar Tracks Ever"[24]	2005	3
Toby Creswell	Australia	"1001 Songs: the Great Songs of All Time"[25]	2005	*
Grammy Awards	United States	"Grammy Hall of Fame Award"[26]	2007	*
Rolling Stone	United States	"100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time"[27]	2008	11
VH1	United States	"VH1 Greatest Hard Rock Songs"[1]	2009	3
BBC Radio 2	United Kingdom	"Radio 2's Top 100 Greatest Guitar Riffs"[5]	2014	1

(*) designates unordered lists.

Formats and track listings

1969 7" single (US: Atlantic 45-2690, Angola: Atlantic ATS 485, Australia/New Zealand: Atlantic AK 3412, Belgium: Atlantic BE 650186, Bolivia: Polydor 508007, Canada: Atlantic Oldies Series OS 13116, Chile: Atlantic 2164 002, France: Atlantic 650 186, Germany: Atlantic 70409, Greece: Atlantic 255 017, Holland: Atlantic ATL 2690, Italy: Atlantic ATL NP 03145, Japan: Warner Pioneer P-2550A, Mexico: Atlantic AT 45-52, Philippines: Atlantic ATR 0046, Sweden: Atlantic ATL 70409, Uruguay: Atlantic 2164002) A. "Whole Lotta Love" (Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant, Dixon) – 5:33 B. "Living Loving Maid (She's Just a Woman)" (Page, Plant) – 2:39 1969 7" radio edit (UK*/Lebanon: Atlantic 584309, Canada: Atlantic AT 2690, South Africa: Atlantic ATS 485) A. "Whole Lotta Love" (Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant, Dixon) – 3:12 B. "Living Loving Maid (She's Just a Woman)" (Page, Plant) 2:39 1969 7" radio edit (Brazil: Atlantic 205.025, Peru: Atlantic ALT 7035) A. "Whole Lotta Love" (Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant, Dixon) – 5:33 B. "Whole Lotta Love" (Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant, Dixon) – 3:12 1969 7" single (Japan: Nihon Gramophone DT-1139) A. "Whole Lotta Love" (Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant, Dixon) – 5:33 B. "Thank You" (Page, Plant) – 4:49 1970 7" single (Costa Rica: Atlantic 70.020, Portugal: Atlantic ATL 10058, Spain: Atlantic H 523) A. "Whole Lotta Love" (Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant, Dixon) – 3:12 B. "Communication Breakdown" (Page, Plant) – 2:28 1970 7" single (Turkey: Atlantic 70501) A. "Whole Lotta Love" (Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant, Dixon) – 5:33 B. "Ramble On" (Page, Plant) – 4:23 1970 7" EP (Bolivia: Atlantic AX 11695) A. "Whole Lotta Love" (Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant, Dixon) – 5:33 B1. "Good Times Bad Times" (Bonham, Jones, Page) – 2:47 B2. "Communication Breakdown" (Page, Plant) – 2:28 1970 7" EP (Holland: Atlantic ATL 2091 208) A. "Whole Lotta Love" (Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant, Dixon) – 5:33 B1. "Immigrant Song" (Page, Plant) – 2:25 B2. "Bron-Y-Aur Stomp" (Jones, Page, Plant) – 4:16 1970 7" EP (Mexico: Atlantic Gamma GX07 762) A. "Whole Lotta Love" (Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant, Dixon) – 5:33 B1. "Communication Breakdown" (Page, Plant) – 2:28 B2. "Immigrant Song" (Page, Plant) – 2:25

1970 7" EP (Mexico: Atlantic 2207 002) A. "Whole Lotta Love" (Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant, Dixon) – 5:33 B1. "Living Loving Maid (She's Just a Woman)" (Page, Plant) – 2:39 B2. "Heartbreaker" (Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant) – 4:14 1970 7" EP (Australia/New Zealand: Atlantic EPA 200) A1 "Whole Lotta Love" (Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant, Dixon) – 3:12 A2 "Good Times Bad Times" (Bonham, Jones, Page) – 2:47 B1 "Immigrant Song" (Page, Plant) – 2:25 B2 "Hey Hey What Can I Do" (Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant) – 3:55 1970 7" EP (Australia: AX 11695 (MX 34022)) A1 "Whole Lotta Love" (Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant, Dixon) – 3:12 A2 "Black Mountain Side" (Page) – 2:12 B1 "Good Times Bad Times" (Bonham, Jones, Page) – 2:47 B2 "Communication Breakdown" (Page, Plant) – 2:28 1970 7" single (France: Atlantic 10236, Germany: Atlantic Oldies Series ATL 10236) A. "Whole Lotta Love" (Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant, Dixon) – 3:12 B. "Immigrant Song" (Page, Plant) – 2:25 1997 CD single (UK: Atlantic AT 0013 CD (7567 84014 6), Australia: Atlantic 7567 84014 2, Brazil: Atlantic LZ 1997, Germany: Atlantic A 4014 CD, Japan: Atlantic AMCY 2403, Korea: Atlantic 84014 2, South Africa: Atlantic 7567 84014) 1. "Whole Lotta Love" (Bonham, Jones, Page, Plant, Dixon) – 4:50 2. "Baby Come On Home" (Page, Plant, Berns) – 4:29 3. "Travelling Riverside Blues" (Page, Plant, Johnson) – 5:09

Notes:

(*) Withdrawn

Charts and certifications

Original release Chart (1969–1970) Peak position Australia (Go-Set National Top 40)[28] 1 Australia (Kent Music Report)[29] 1 Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[30] 3 Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[31] 2 Canada (CHUM)[32] 2 Canada Top Singles (RPM)[33] 2 Denmark (Tipparaden)[34] 2 Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[35] 7 France (IFOP)[36] 38 Germany (Official German Charts)[37] 1 Italy (FIMI)[38] 25 Japan (Oricon)[39] 50 Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[40] 4 Netherlands (Single Top 100)[41] 5 New Zealand (RIANZ)[42] 4 South Africa (Springbok Radio)[43] 6 Spain (AFE)[44] 4 Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[45] 5 US Billboard Hot 100[17] 4 US Cash Box[46] 2 US Record World[47] 4 Chart (1997) Peak position UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[48] 21

Single (digital download) Year Chart Peak position 2007 Canada (Hot Canadian Digital Singles)[49] 49 Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[45] 57 UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[50] 64 2010 Belgium (Ultratop 30 Back Catalogue Singles Wallonia)[51] 18 2012 Belgium (Ultratop 50 Back Catalogue Singles Flanders)[52] 43 2013 France (SNEP)[53] 52 2014 France (SNEP)[53] 151 Note: The official UK Singles Chart incorporated legal downloads as of 17 April 2005. Year-end charts Chart (1970) Position Australia (Go-Set Top 40)[54] 18 Australia (Kent Music Report)[55] 11 Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[56] 10 Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[57] 65 Canada (RPM Top 100)[58] 23 Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[59] 28 Netherlands (Single Top 100)[60] 27 US Cash Box[61] 54 Certifications Region Certification Sales/shipments Italy (FIMI)[62] Gold 25,000 United States (RIAA)[63] Gold 0 ^*sales figures based on certification alone ^^shipments figures based on certification alone

Personnel

• Robert Plant – lead vocals
• Jimmy Page – electric guitars, theremin, slide guitar
• John Paul Jones – bass guitar, backing vocals
• John Bonham – drums, maracas, shaker, tambourine, bongos, congas

Cultural influence

The song has been widely covered by many artists. It was famous in the United Kingdom for having been the theme music for the long-running television programme Top of the Pops for much of its history. The first version used was based on a recording by the Collective Consciousness Society (or C.C.S.), a band led by blues guitarist Alexis Korner. The C.C.S. version reached No. 13 on the British charts in autumn 1970. The song returned as the theme in 1998, this time using a reworked version of the original Led Zeppelin guitar riff.^[64]

A rewritten version of the song featured in the "London 2012" presentation during the closing ceremony of the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing on 24 August 2008, with Jimmy Page on guitar and Leona Lewis providing the vocals. Both Lewis and the organisers requested that some of the lyrics be changed, notably "I'm gonna give you every inch of my love". Lewis felt that the line made little sense coming from a female singer.^[65]

The main riff of the song was used in a Frank Zappa live performance excerpted on the Läther album, (originally intended for release in 1977, but not officially released until 1996), as "Duck Duck Goose". A more complete erotic version was issued as a bonus track titled "Leather Goods". (The latter also contains an excerpt from "Dazed and Confused").

In the 1980s, Detroit television station WXON used the instrumental bridge from the song as intro music for its weekly horror film program Thriller Double Feature.

On 29 May 1997, Jeff Buckley waded into the Mississippi River while singing the chorus to "Whole Lotta Love" and drowned shortly after.

In 2008, the song was featured on "Led Zeppelin – The Ride" at the Hard Rock Park in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

The 2008 Foreigner compilation album "No End in Sight: The Very Best of Foreigner" contains a live version of "Juke Box Hero" which crosses into "Whole Lotta Love" at one point.^[66]

Christina Aguilera performed it during the 2014 New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival.

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External links

• "Whole Lotta Love" on YouTube
• "Whole Lotta Love" at ledzeppelin.com
• Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics