List of heads of state of Ecuador

Constitutional President of the Republic of Ecuador
Presidential Standard
Incumbent Rafael Correa since January 15, 2007
Style	Mr. President
Residence	Carondelet Palace
Term length	Four years renewable once
Inaugural holder	Juan José Flores
Formation	September 22, 1830
Website	Official website

The Constitutional President of the Republic of Ecuador serves as both the head of state and head of government of Ecuador, is the highest political office in the country as the head of the executive branch of government. As per the current Constitution, the President can serve two four-year terms. Prior to that, the president could only serve one four-year term. The current President of Ecuador is Rafael Correa, first elected in 2006. Correa was re-elected to a second term in 2009, and to a third term in 2013.

History

The Presidency of Ecuador has been marked by periods of instability, causing the office to change presidents frequently throughout the history of the country. At least five times, the duties of the president have been charged to a provisional government or a military junta. Often, the office has been left to an interim or acting president, many of whom would go on to become president. The President who has served the most terms in office is José María Velasco Ibarra, who served five. Before current re-elected president Rafael Correa, the last president to serve out his complete term in office was Sixto Durán Ballén, who served from 1992 to 1996.

List of Presidents of Ecuador

#	Picture	Name (Birth–Death)	Began office	Left office	Title(s)
1		Juan José Flores (1800–1864)	May 3, 1830	September 10, 1834	Jéfe Supremo (May 3, 1830 – August 14, 1830) Provisional President (August 14, 1830 – September 22, 1830) President (September 22, 1830 – September 10, 1834)
2		Vicente Rocafuerte (1783–1847)	September 10, 1834	January 31, 1839	Jéfe Supremo of Guayas (September 10, 1834 – June 22, 1835) Jéfe Supremo Chief of the State (June 22, 1835 – August 8, 1835) President (August 8, 1835 – January 31, 1839)
(1)		Juan José Flores (1800–1864)	February 1, 1839	March 6, 1845	President (February 1, 1839 – January 15, 1843) Provisional President (January 15, 1843 – April 1, 1843) President (April 1, 1843 – March 6, 1845)
		José Joaquín de Olmedo (1780–1847)	March 7, 1845	December 8, 1845	Head of Provisional Government
3		Vicente Ramón Roca (1792–1858)	December 8, 1845	October 15, 1849	President
		Manuel de Ascásubi (1804–1876)	October 15, 1849	December 7, 1850	Interim President
4		Diego Noboa (1789–1870)	December 8, 1850	September 12, 1851	Interim President (December 8, 1850 – February 25, 1851) President (February 26, 1851 – September 13, 1851)
5		José María Urvina (1808–1891)	July 24, 1851	October 15, 1856	Jéfe Supremo (July 24, 1851 – July 17, 1852) Interim President (July 17, 1852 – September 6, 1852) President (September 6, 1852 – October 15, 1856)
6		Francisco Robles (1811–1893)	October 16, 1856	August 31, 1859	President
		Governments of the Crisis
		Provisional Government of Quito	September 4, 1859	January 10, 1861	Members: Gabriel García Moreno Jerónimo Carrión Plácido Chiriboga Rafael Carvajal
		Government of Cuenca	May 6, 1859	November 13, 1859	Leaders: Jerónimo Carrión (May 6, 1859 – 7 May 1859) Francisco Robles and Guillermo Franco (May 8, 1859 – September 27, 1859) Ramón Borrero (September 27, 1859 – November 13, 1859; with Quito)
		Supreme Leadership of Guayas	August 21, 1859	September 24, 1860	Leader: Guillermo Franco
		Cañar and Azuay (with Guayas)	November 13, 1859	March 3, 1860	Leader: Mariano Moreno
		Federal Government of Loja	September 18, 1859	March 23, 1860	Leader: Manuel Carrión Pinzano
7		Gabriel García Moreno (1821–1875)	January 17, 1861	August 30, 1865	Interim President (January 17, 1861 – April 2, 1861) President (April 2, 1861 – August 30, 1865)
		Rafael Carvajal (1818–1881)	August 31, 1865	September 7, 1865	Acting President
8		Jerónimo Carrión (1804–1873)	September 7, 1865	November 6, 1867	President
		Pedro José de Arteta (1797–1873)	November 7, 1867	January 20, 1868	Acting President
9		Javier Espinosa (1815–1870)	January 20, 1868	January 19, 1869	President
		Gabriel García Moreno (1821–1875)	January 19, 1869	May 19, 1869	Interim President
		Manuel de Ascásubi (1804–1876)	May 19, 1869	August 10, 1869	Interim President
(7)		Gabriel García Moreno (1821–1875)	August 10, 1869	August 6, 1875	President
		Francisco Xavier León (1832–1880)	August 6, 1875	September 15, 1875	Interim President
-		José Javier Eguiguren (1816–1884)	September 15, 1875	December 9, 1875	Interim President
10		Antonio Borrero (1827–1911)	December 9, 1875	September 8, 1876	President
11		Ignacio de Veintemilla (1828–1908)	September 8, 1876	January 10, 1883	Jéfe Supremo (September 8, 1876 – January 26, 1878) President (April 21, 1878 – March 26, 1882) Jéfe Supremo (March 26, 1882 – January 10, 1883)
		Governments of the Restoration
		"Pentevirato Quiteño"	January 14, 1883	October 15, 1883	Members: José María Plácido Caamaño Luis Cordero Agustín Guerrero Pedro Lizarzaburu Rafael Pérez Pareja
		Supreme Leadership of Manabí and Esmeraldas	June 5, 1883	October 15, 1883	Leader: Eloy Alfaro
		Supreme Leadership of Guayas	July 10, 1883	October 15, 1883	Leader: Pedro Carbo
12		José Plácido Caamaño (1837–1901)	October 15, 1883	June 30, 1888	Interim President (October 15, 1883 – February 10, 1884) President (February 10, 1884 – June 30, 1888)
		Pedro José Cevallos (1830–1892)	July 1, 1888	August 17, 1888	Acting President
13		Antonio Flores Jijón (1833–1915)	August 17, 1888	June 10, 1892	President
14		Luis Cordero Crespo (1833–1912)	July 1, 1892	April 16, 1895	President
		Vicente Lucio Salazar (1832–1896)	April 16, 1895	June 5, 1895	Acting President
15		Eloy Alfaro (1842–1912)	June 5, 1895	August 31, 1901	Jéfe Supremo (June 5, 1895 – October 9, 1896) Interim President (October 9, 1896 – January 17, 1897) President (January 17, 1897 – August 31, 1901)
16		Leónidas Plaza (1865–1932)	September 1, 1901	August 31, 1905	President
17		Lizardo García (1844–1927)	September 1, 1905	January 15, 1906	President
(15)		Eloy Alfaro (1842–1912)	January 16, 1906	August 11, 1911	Jéfe Supremo (January 16, 1906 – October 9, 1906) Interim President (October 9, 1906 – January 1, 1907) President (January 1, 1907 – August 11, 1911)
		Carlos Freile Zaldumbide (1851–1928)	August 11, 1911	August 31, 1911	Acting President
18		Emilio Estrada (1855–1911)	September 1, 1911	December 21, 1911	President
		Carlos Freile Zaldumbide (1851–1928)	December 22, 1911	March 5, 1912	Acting President
		Francisco Andrade Marín (1841–1935)	March 6, 1912	August 1, 1912	Acting President
		Alfredo Baquerizo (1859–1951)	August 1, 1912	September 1, 1912	Acting President
(16)		Leónidas Plaza (1865–1932)	September 1, 1912	August 31, 1916	President
19		Alfredo Baquerizo (1859–1951)	September 1, 1916	August 31, 1920	President
20		José Luis Tamayo (1858–1947)	September 1, 1920	August 31, 1924	President
21		Gonzalo Córdova (1863–1928)	September 1, 1924	July 9, 1925	President
		First Provisional Government	July 10, 1925	January 6, 1926
		Second Provisional Government	January 10, 1926	March 31, 1926
22		Isidro Ayora (1879–1978)	April 3, 1926	August 24, 1931	Interim President (April 6, 1926 – April 17, 1929) President (April 17, 1929 – August 24, 1931)
		Luis Larrea Alba (1894–1979)	August 24, 1931	October 15, 1931	Minister of Government
		Alfredo Baquerizo (1859–1951)	October 15, 1931	August 28, 1932	President of the Senate
		Carlos Freile Larrea (1876–1942)	August 28, 1932	September 1, 1932	Minister of Government
		Alberto Guerrero Martínez (1878–1941)	September 2, 1932	December 4, 1932	President of the Senate
23		Juan de Dios Martínez (1875–1955)	December 5, 1932	October 19, 1933	President
		Abelardo Montalvo (1876–1950)	October 20, 1933	August 31, 1934	Acting President
24		José María Velasco Ibarra (1893–1979)	September 1, 1934	August 21, 1935	President
		Antonio Pons (1897–1980)	August 21, 1935	September 25, 1935	Acting President
		Federico Páez (1876–1974)	September 26, 1935	October 23, 1937	Jéfe Supremo
		Alberto Enríquez Gallo (1894–1962)	October 23, 1937	August 10, 1938	Jéfe Supremo
		Manuel María Borrero (1883–1975)	August 10, 1938	December 1, 1938	Interim President
25		Aurelio Mosquera (1883–1939)	December 2, 1938	November 17, 1939	President
		Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río (1893–1969)	November 18, 1939	December 10, 1939	Acting President
		Andrés Córdova (1892–1983)	December 11, 1939	August 10, 1940	Acting President
		Julio Enrique Moreno (1879–1952)	August 10, 1940	August 31, 1940	Acting President
26		Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río (1893–1969)	September 1, 1940	May 28, 1944	President
		Julio Teodoro Salem (1900–1968)	May 29, 1944	May 31, 1944	Acting President
(24)		José María Velasco Ibarra (1893–1979)	June 1, 1944	August 23, 1947	President of the Republic (June 1, 1944 – August 10, 1944) Constitutional President (August 10, 1944 – March 30, 1946) President of the Republic (March 30, 1946 – August 10, 1946) Constitutional President (August 10, 1946 – August 23, 1947)
		Carlos Mancheno Cajas (1902–1996)	August 23, 1947	September 2, 1947	Jéfe Supremo
27		Mariano Suárez Veintimilla (1897–1980)	September 2, 1947	September 17, 1947	President
28		C.J. Arosemena Tola (1888–1952)	September 17, 1947	August 31, 1948	President
29		Galo Plaza (1906–1987)	September 1, 1948	August 31, 1952	President
(24)		José María Velasco Ibarra (1893–1979)	September 1, 1952	August 31, 1956	President
30		Camilo Ponce Enríquez (1912–1976)	September 1, 1956	August 31, 1960	President
(24)		José María Velasco Ibarra (1893–1979)	September 1, 1960	November 7, 1961	President
31		C.J. Arosemena Monroy (1919–2004)	November 7, 1961	July 11, 1963	President
		Military Junta	July 11, 1963	March 29, 1966	Members: Ramón Castro Jijón Luis Cabrera Sevilla Guillermo Freile Posso (until November 9, 1965) Marcos Gándara
		Clemente Yerovi (1904–1981)	March 30, 1966	November 16, 1966	Acting President
32		Otto Arosemena (1925–1984)	November 16, 1966	August 31, 1968	Interim President (November 16, 1966 – May 25, 1967) Constitutional President (May 25, 1967 – August 31, 1968)
(24)		José María Velasco Ibarra (1893–1979)	September 1, 1968	February 15, 1972	President (September 1, 1968 – June 22, 1970) Jéfe Supremo (June 22, 1970 – February 15, 1972)
		Guillermo Rodríguez Lara (1924–)	February 15, 1972	January 11, 1976	President (de facto)
		Supreme Government Council	January 11, 1976	August 10, 1979	Vice Admiral Alfredo Poveda (President of the Council) General Guillermo Durán General Luis Leoro Franco
33		Jaime Roldós Aguilera (1940–1981)	August 10, 1979	May 24, 1981	President
34		Osvaldo Hurtado (1939–)	May 24, 1981	August 10, 1984	President
35		León Febres Cordero (1931–2008)	August 10, 1984	August 10, 1988	President
36		Rodrigo Borja Cevallos (1935–)	August 10, 1988	August 10, 1992	President
37		Sixto Durán Ballén (1921–)	August 10, 1992	August 10, 1996	President
38		Abdalá Bucaram (1952–)	August 10, 1996	February 6, 1997	President
		Fabián Alarcón (1947–)	February 6, 1997	February 9, 1997	Interim President
		Rosalía Arteaga (1956–)	February 9, 1997	February 11, 1997	Acting President
		Fabián Alarcón (1947–)	February 11, 1997	August 10, 1998	Interim President
39		Jamil Mahuad (1949–)	August 10, 1998	January 21, 2000	President
40		Gustavo Noboa (1937–)	January 22, 2000	January 15, 2003	President
41		Lucio Gutiérrez (1957–)	January 15, 2003	April 20, 2005	President
42		Alfredo Palacio (1939–)	April 20, 2005	January 15, 2007	President
43		Rafael Correa (1963–)	January 15, 2007	Incumbent	President

Rival governments in rebellion

Picture	Name	Began	Ended	Title(s)
	Vicente Rocafuerte	October 20, 1833	July 1834	Jefe Supremo of the Department of the Guayas
	José Félix Valdivieso	July 13, 1834	January 18, 1835	Jefe Supremo
	José Joaquín de Olmedo	March 6, 1845	June 18, 1845	President of the Provisional Government
	Antonio de Elizalde	March 1850	1850	Jefe Supremo
	Diego Noboa	February 20, 1850	June 10, 1850	Jefe Supremo
	José María Urvina	July 13, 1851	July 17, 1851	Jefe Supremo
	Provisional Government	May 1, 1859	June 4, 1859	Members: Gabriel García Moreno (from May 25) Manuel Gómez de la Torre (to May 25) José María Avilés Pacífico Chiriboga
	Jerónimo Carrión	June 6, 1859	1859
	Gabriel García Moreno	June 4, 1859	September 17, 1861	Jefe Supremo
	Guillermo Franco	September 17, 1859	September 24, 1860	Jefe Supremo of Guayas and Azuay
	Ignacio de Veintemilla	September 8, 1876	December 19, 1876	Jefe Supremo
	Eloy Alfaro	February 1883	October 11, 1883	Jefe Supremo of Manabí and Esmeraldas
	Provisional Government	January 14, 1883	July 9, 1883	Members: José María Sarasti Pedro Ignacio Lizarzaburu Agustín Guerrero Luis Cordero Crespo (from February 14) Pablo Herrera (to February 14) Rafael Pérez Pareja
	Pedro Carbo	September 17, 1883	October 11, 1883	Jefe Supremo of Guayas
	Eloy Alfaro	June 19, 1895	August 23, 1895	Jefe Supremo
	Flavio E. Alfaro Santana	December 22, 1911	January 1912
	Pedro Jacinto Montero Maridueña	December 28, 1911	January 21, 1912

Latest elections

Candidate	Party	Votes	%
Rafael Correa	Movimiento Alianza PAIS	4,918,482	57.17
Guillermo Lasso	Creating Opportunities	1,951,102	22.68
Lucio Gutiérrez	January 21 Patriotic Society Party	578,875	6.73
Mauricio Rodas	SUMA	335,532	3.90
Álvaro Noboa	Institutional Renewal Party of National Action	319,956	3.72
Alberto Acosta	Plurinational Unity of the Lefts	280,539	3.26
Norman Wray	Ruptura 25	112,525	1.31
Nelson Zavala	Ecuadorian Roldosist Party	105,592	1.23
Invalid/blank votes		863,257	–
Total		9,465,860	100
Registered voters/turnout		11,675,441	81.09
Source: CNE

See also

• Ecuador
• Vice President of Ecuador

External links

• Official website of the Ecuadorian government on their presidential history (Spanish)
• Edufuturo's website on Presidents of Ecuador (Spanish)
• Rulers.org