Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours
| Prince Louis | |||||
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| Duke of Nemours | |||||
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| Born |
25 October 1814 Palais Royal, Paris, France | ||||
| Died |
26 June 1896 (aged 81) Versailles, France | ||||
| Burial | Chapelle royale de Dreux | ||||
| Spouse | Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha | ||||
| Issue Detail |
Gaston, Count of Eu Ferdinand, Duke of Alençon Marguerite Adélaïde, Princess Czartoryska Princess Blanche | ||||
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| House | Orléans | ||||
| Father | Louis Philippe I | ||||
| Mother | Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily | ||||
| Religion | Roman Catholicism | ||||
| Signature |
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Prince Louis of Orleans, Duke of Nemours (Louis Charles Philippe Raphaël d'Orléans; 25 October 1814 – 26 June 1896) was the second son of King Louis-Philippe I of France, and his wife Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily.
Life
Childhood
He was born at the Palais Royal, in Paris. At twelve years of age he was nominated colonel of the first regiment of chasseurs, and in 1830 he became a chevalier of the Order of the Saint Esprit and entered the Chambre des Pairs.
As early as 1825 his name was mentioned as a possible candidate for the throne of Greece, and in February 1831 he was nominated king of the Belgians, but international considerations deterred Louis-Philippe from accepting the honour for his son, who was accompanying the French army that entered Belgium to support the new kingdom in its separation from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands; there he took part in the siege of Antwerp.
He accompanied the Algerian expedition against the town of Constantine in the autumn of 1836, and in a second expedition (1837) he was entrusted with the command of a brigade and with the direction of the siege operations before Constantine. General Damrémont was killed at his side on 12 October, and the place was taken by assault on the 13th.
He sailed a third time for Algeria in 1841, and served under General Bugeaud, taking part in the expedition to revictual Médéa on 29 April, and in sharp fighting near Miliana on 3 to 5 May. In the expedition against the fortified town of Takdempt he commanded the 1st infantry division. On his return to France he became commandant of the camp of Compiègne. He had been employed on missions of courtesy to England in 1835, in 1838 and in 1845, and to Berlin and Vienna in 1836.
Marriage
On 26 April 1840, he married Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha at the Château de Saint-Cloud. The occasion of his marriage in 1840 with Victoria was marked by a check to Louis-Philippe's government in the form of a refusal to bestow the marriage dowry proposed by Adolphe Thiers in the Chamber of Deputies.
The death of his elder brother, Ferdinand, duke of Orleans, in 1842 gave him a position of greater importance as the natural regent in the case of the accession of his nephew, the young count of Paris. His reserve, and dislike of public functions, with a certain haughtiness of manner, however, made him unpopular.
On the outbreak of the revolution of 1848 he held the Tuileries long enough to cover the king's retreat, but refrained from initiating active measures against the mob. He followed his sister-in-law, Hélène, duchesse d'Orléans, and her two sons to the chamber of deputies, but was separated from them by the rioters, and only escaped finally by disguising himself in the uniform of a national guard.
Exile and return to France
He embarked for England, where he settled with his parents at Claremont. His chief aim during his exile, especially after his father's death, was a reconciliation between the two branches of the house of Bourbon, as indispensable to the re-establishment of the French monarchy in any form. These wishes were frustrated on the one hand by the attitude of the comte de Chambord, and on the other by the determination of the duchess of Orleans to maintain the pretensions of the count of Paris. Nemours was prepared to go further than the other princes of his family in accepting the principles of the legitimists.
Lengthy negotiations ended in 1857 with a letter, written by Nemours, as he subsequently explained, at the dictation of his brother, François, prince de Joinville, in which he insisted that Chambord should express his adherence to the tricolour flag and to the principles of constitutional government. In 1871 the Orléans princes renewed their professions of allegiance to the senior branch of their house, but they were not consulted when the count of Chambord came to Paris in 1873, and their political differences remained until his death in 1883.
Nemours had lived at Bushy House after the death in 1866 of Queen Marie Amélie, widow of Louis Philippe. In 1871 the exile imposed on the French princes was withdrawn, but he only transferred his establishment to Paris after their disabilities were also removed. In March 1872 he was restored to his rank in the army as general of division, and placed in the first section of the general staff. After his retirement from the active list he continued to act as president of the Red Cross Society until 1886, when new decrees against the princes of the blood led to his withdrawal from Parisian society.
During the presidency of Marshal MacMahon, he had appeared from time to time at the Elysée. He died at Versailles on 26 June 1896 at the age of 81, the duchess having died at Claremont on 10 November 1857. He outlived all of his siblings apart from Princess Clémentine of Orléans and François d'Orléans the prince de Joinville.
Issue
- Prince Louis Philippe Marie Ferdinand Gaston of Orléans, Count of Eu (28 April 1842 – 28 August 1922), who married Isabel, eldest daughter and heiress of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil;
- Prince Ferdinand Philippe Marie of Orléans, Duke of Alençon (12 July 1844 – 29 June 1910), who married Duchess Sophie Charlotte in Bavaria (1847–1897), sister of Elizabeth, Empress of Austria ("Sisi"), and who had been for a time engaged to Ludwig II of Bavaria;
- Princess Marguerite Adélaïde of Orléans (1846–1893), who married Prince Ladislaus Czartoryski;
- Princess Blanche Marie Amelie Caroline Louise Victoire of Orléans (28 October 1857 – 4 February 1932).
Ancestors
Titles, styles, honours and arms
Titles and styles
- 25 October 1814 – 21 September 1824 His Serene Highness The Duke of Nemours.
- 21 September 1824 – 26 June 1896 His Royal Highness The Duke of Nemours.
References
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.- René Bazin, Le Duc de Nemours (1907); Paul Thureau-Dangin, Histoire de la monarchie de France (4 vols., 1884, etc.).
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