Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark

Princess Marina Duchess of Kent The Duchess in 1936 Born 13 December 1906 Athens, Greece Died 27 August 1968 (aged 61) Kensington Palace, London, England Burial 30 August 1968 Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore Spouse Prince George, Duke of Kent (m. 1934; his death 1942) Issue Prince Edward, Duke of Kent Princess Alexandra, The Hon. Lady Ogilvy Prince Michael of Kent House Glücksburg Father Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark Mother Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia Religion Greek Orthodox Church

Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark, GCVO, GBE, CI (Greek: Μαρίνα; 13 December [O.S. 30 November] 1906^[1] – 27 August 1968), later Duchess of Kent, was the wife of Prince George, Duke of Kent, the fourth son of King George V of the United Kingdom and Mary of Teck.^[2]

Princess Marina's marriage was the most recent occasion on which a foreign-born princess married into the British Royal Family.

Early life

Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark, right, with her sisters Princess Olga of Greece and Denmark, left, and Princess Elizabeth of Greece and Denmark, center.

Princess Marina was born in Athens, Greece, on 13 December 1906.^[3] Her father was Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark, the third son of George I of Greece.^[4] Her mother was Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia, a granddaughter of Tsar Alexander II of Russia.^[5] She was the youngest of the couple's children.^[6] One of her paternal uncles was Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark, the father of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

She was baptised near the end of 1906, and her godparents were: the King of Greece (her paternal grandfather); the King of the United Kingdom (her great-uncle by marriage); the Princess of Wales; Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark (her paternal uncle); Grand Duke Boris Vladimirovich of Russia (her maternal uncle); and Grand Duchess Victoria Fyodorovna of Russia (her maternal aunt).^[7]

The family was generally poor and forced into exile when she was 11, following the overthrow of the Greek monarchy.^[5] They later moved to Paris, while the Princess stayed throughout Europe with her extended family.

Marriage and children

Princess Marina on her wedding day

In 1932 Princess Marina and Prince George, Duke of Kent, second cousins through the descent of Christian IX of Denmark, met in London.^[5] Their betrothal was announced in August 1934.^[4] On 29 November 1934 they married at Westminster Abbey, London.^[8] The wedding was followed by a Greek ceremony in the private chapel at Buckingham Palace.^[8]

The bride's gown was in white and silver silk brocade, designed by Edward Molyneux, and worked on by a team of seamstresses including, at Marina's request, Russian émigreés.^[9]

Her eight bridesmaids were her first cousins, Greek princesses Irene, Eugenie and Katherine, her maternal first cousin Grand Duchess Kira Kirillovna of Russia, Princess Juliana of the Netherlands, her husband's niece Princess Elizabeth of York, her husband's cousins the Lady Iris Mountbatten and Lady Mary Cambridge.^[5][10]

The Royal School of Needlework made a quilt as a wedding gift for Princess Marina and the Duke of Kent.^[11] Following the marriage she became the Duchess of Kent.

The couple had three children, eight grandchildren and sixteen great-grandchildren:

• Prince Edward, Duke of Kent (9 October 1935) he married Katharine Lucy Mary Worsley on 8 June 1961. They have four children and ten grandchildren.
• Princess Alexandra, The Hon. Lady Ogilvy (25 December 1936) she married Rt. Hon. Sir Angus James Robert Bruce Ogilvy, son of David Lyulph Gore Wolseley Ogilvy, 7th Earl of Airlie and Lady Alexandra Marie Bridget Coke, on 24 April 1963. They have two children and four grandchildren.
• Prince Michael of Kent (4 July 1942) he married Marie Christine von Reibnitz on 30 June 1978. They have two children and two granddaughters.

The Duke of Kent was killed on 25 August 1942, in an aeroplane crash at Eagles Rock, near Dunbeath, Caithness, Scotland, while on active service with the Royal Air Force. The Duchess, according to royal biographer Hugo Vickers, was "the only war widow in Britain whose estate was forced to pay death duties".^[12]

During World War II, the Duchess was trained as a nurse for three months under the pseudonym "Sister Kay" and joined the civil nurse reserve.^[6]

Princess Marina's Private Secretary for many years was Sir Philip Hay KCVO (1918–1986), whose wife Dame Margaret Katherine Hay DCVO (1918–1975) was Woman of the Bedchamber to Queen Elizabeth II and a granddaughter of 1st Duke of Westminster.

Later life and death

The foundation stone of St Mark's, Bromley, laid by the Duchess

After her husband's death, the Duchess of Kent continued to be an active member of the British Royal Family, carrying out a wide range of royal and official engagements.^[3] She was the president of the Wimbledon All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club for 26 years. ^[6] She was President of the Royal National Lifeboat Institution from 1943 until her death and was awarded the RNLI's Gold Medal in 1967 to mark this contribution. ^[13]Her first cousin Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, married her niece, the future Queen Elizabeth II.

In June 1952 the Duchess laid the foundation stone of the new St Mark's Church in Bromley, London, which had been damaged in the war.^[14]

In March 1957 when the Gold Coast (later Ghana)—gained independence from Britain, the Duchess of Kent was appointed to represent the Queen at the celebrations. Fifty years later, at the 50th Anniversary of Ghana's Independence, it would be her son, Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, who would be appointed by the Queen to represent her.

In September 1966, when the British Protectorate of Bechuanaland became the new Republic of Botswana, the Princess was appointed again to represent the Queen at the celebrations. The main public hospital in Gaborone, the new Botswana's capital, is named "Princess Marina Hospital".

She served as the first Chancellor of the University of Kent at Canterbury from 1963 until her death from a brain tumour at Kensington Palace at 11.40 am on 27 August 1968, aged 61.^[3] Funeral service for the Princess was held in the St. George's Chapel on 30 August.^[15] She was buried in the Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore.^[16] Her funeral was the final royal ceremony attended by her brother-in-law, the former Edward VIII.^[17]

Legacy

Princess Marina gave her name to many facilities, including:

• Princess Marina College, Arborfield, Berkshire
• Princess Marina House, a facility of the Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund at Rustington.^[18]
• Princess Marina Hospital, Upton, Northamptonshire^[19]
• Princess Marina Hospital, Gaborone, Botswana
• Princess Marina Sports Complex, Rickmansworth.^[20]
• Duchess of Kent Hospital, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
• Kent College (a teacher training college) Tuaran, Sabah, Malaysia

The diamond and pearl Kent Festoon Tiara was worn by Princess Marina to the 1953 coronation.^[21] It then passed to Princess Michael of Kent who has worn it to state banquets.^[22][23]

Popular culture

The Kinks recorded "She's Bought a Hat Like Princess Marina" for their 1969 album Arthur (or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire).^[24] The song was written by Ray Davies.^[24] Princess Marina earned her place in the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1960 together with Princess Grace of Monaco, Patricia Lopez-Willshaw and Merle Oberon.^[25]

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

• 13 December 1906 – 29 November 1934: Her Royal Highness Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark
• 29 November 1934 – 8 June 1961: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Kent
• 8 June 1961 – 27 August 1968: Her Royal Highness Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent

At the time of her death, Princess Marina's full style was: Her Royal Highness Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent, Countess of St. Andrews and Baroness Downpatrick, Companion of the Imperial Order of the Crown of India, Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, Dame Grand Cross of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem.

Just before the current Duke of Kent's wedding in June 1961 to Katharine Worsley, she announced that she wished to be known as HRH Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent instead of HRH The Dowager Duchess of Kent, a change in traditional style that was granted by her niece, Queen Elizabeth II. Upon her marriage in 1934, Princess Marina had become HRH The Duchess of Kent, Countess of St. Andrews, and Baroness Downpatrick. However, she remained a Princess of Greece and Denmark. Following her elder son's wedding, she simply reverted to her own princely prefix.

Honours

British honours

• CI: Companion of the Order of the Crown of India^[26]
• GCVO: Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
• GBE: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
• GCStJ: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem
• Royal Family Order of King George V
• Royal Family Order of King George VI
• Royal Family Order of Queen Elizabeth II

Foreign honours

• Order of Saints Olga and Sophia, 1st Class^[27]
• Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Beneficence
• Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Aztec Eagle
• Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun of Peru
• Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Merit
• Dame Grand Cross of the National Order of the Southern Cross
• Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Liberator San Martin
• Canadian Forces Decoration
• Grand Decoration in Gold with Sash for Services to the Republic of Austria^[28]

Honorary military appointments

The Duchess inspecting cadets of the WRNS officers' training course, 1941

• Colonel-in-Chief, of The Kent Regiment
• Colonel-in-Chief, of The Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment
• Colonel-in-Chief, of The Dorset Regiment
• Colonel-in-Chief, of The Essex and Kent Scottish Regiment
• Colonel-in-Chief, of The Devonshire and Dorset Regiment
• Colonel-in-Chief, of the Corps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers
• Colonel-in-Chief, of The Queen's Regiment (Allied)
• Honorary Colonel, of the Buckinghamshire Battalion, The Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry
• Honorary Colonel, of the 4th Battalion, The Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry
• Honorary Colonel, of the 431 LAA Regiment RA
• Honorary Colonel, of the 299th (Royal Buckinghamshire Yeomanry, Queen's Own Oxfordshire Hussars, and Berkshire) Field Regiment, RA
• Honorary Colonel, of the Buckinghamshire Regiment, RA (Territorials)
• Colonel, of the Queen's Own Buffs
• Honorary Commandant, of the Women's Royal Australian Naval Service

Arms

Coat of Arms of Marina of Greece and Denmark, Duchess of Kent

Royal Monogram of Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent

Ancestry

Ancestors of Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark

16. Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg               8. Christian IX of Denmark                       17. Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Cassel               4. George I of Greece                             18. Landgrave William of Hesse-Kassel               9. Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel                       19. Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark               2. Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark                                   20. Nicholas I of Russia               10. Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia                       21. Princess Charlotte of Prussia               5. Grand Duchess Olga Constantinovna of Russia                             22. Joseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg               11. Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg                       23. Duchess Amelia of Württemberg               1. Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent                                         24. Nicholas I of Russia (= 20)               12. Alexander II of Russia                       25. Princess Charlotte of Prussia (= 21)               6. Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia                             26. Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine               13. Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine                       27. Princess Wilhelmine of Baden               3. Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia                                   28. Paul Frederick, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin               14. Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin                       29. Princess Alexandrine of Prussia               7. Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin                             30. Prince Heinrich LXIII Reuss of Köstritz               15. Princess Augusta Reuss of Köstritz                       31. Countess Eleonore of Stolberg-Wernigerode

References

1. Genealogy of the Royal Family of Great Britain at the Wayback Machine (archived October 28, 2009)
2. "Princess Marina". Oxford dnb. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
3. "Marina won Britain's heart". Evening Times. 27 August 1968. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
4. "Prince Georgei son of King, to be married". The Montreal Gazette (London). CP and AP. 28 August 1934. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
5. "Princess Marina called luckiest girl in the world by relatives". The Milwaukee Journal (Athens). AP. 23 November 1934. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
6. "Marina, a tragic but well-loved Princess". The Sydney Morning Herald (London). 28 August 1968. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
7. Yvonne's Royalty Home Page — Royal Christenings
8. "King and Queen see rehearsals". The Sydney Morning Herald. 29 November 1934. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
9. "Princess Marina's Gown". Royal Order of Sartorial Splendor.
10. "The wedding of Prince George, Duke of Kent and Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent". National Portrait Gallery, London.
11. "Princess Marina's quilt". British Pathé. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
12. Hugo Vickers, Elizabeth, The Queen Mother, Hutchinson, 2005, p. 230
13. Hennessy, Sue (2010). Hidden Depths: Women of the RNLI. The History Press. pp. 140–1. ISBN 9780752454436.
14. Robin Waldron. "St Mark's History" (PDF) (2011 ed.). St Mark's Church Bromley. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
15. "Five Queens at funeral of Duchess". The Windsor Star (Windsor). Reuters. 31 August 1968. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
16. "1968: Princess Marina laid to rest". BBC News. 30 August 1976. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
17. Ziegler, Philip (1991). King Edward VIII: The official biography. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-394-57730-2, pp. 554-556.
18. "Royal Air Force Benevolent Fund". About Princess Marina House. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
19. "Overview - NHS Choices". Princess Marina Hospital. 10 August 2010. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
20. "Princess Marina Sports Complex". We Love Rickmansworth. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
21. "The Royal Order of Sartorial Splendor: Flashback Friday: Coronation Guests and Their Jewels". Order of Splendor. 2 March 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
22. "The place for daily celebrity news". Hello Magazine. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
23. "The Royal Order of Sartorial Splendor: Gold Star: Queens with Diplomatic Flair". Order of Splendor. 26 November 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
24. "She Bought A Hat Like Princess Marina". The Kinks. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
25. Ultimate Style - The Best of the Best Dressed List. 2004. ISBN 2 84323 513 8.
26. "Viewing Page 3729 of Issue 34406". London Gazette. 8 June 1937. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
27. Wedding of Juan Carlos of Spain and Sophia of Greece
28. "Reply to a parliamentary question" (PDF) (in German). p. 214. Retrieved 18 October 2012.

See also

• List of notable brain tumour patients