Foxtrot-class submarine

Foxtrot class
Class overview
A Cuban Foxtrot underway
Builders:	Sudomekh, Leningrad
Operators:	Soviet Navy / Russian Navy Libyan Navy Cuban Navy Indian Navy Polish Navy Ukrainian Navy
Preceded by:	Zulu-class submarine
Succeeded by:	Tango-class submarine
Built:	1957–1983
In service:	1958–2014
In commission:	1958–2003
Completed:	74
General characteristics
Type:	Submarine
Displacement:	1,952 long tons (1,983 t) surfaced 2,475 long tons (2,515 t) submerged
Length:	89.9 m (294 ft 11 in)
Beam:	7.4 m (24 ft 3 in)
Draft:	5.9 m (19 ft 4 in)
Propulsion:	3 × Kolomna 2D42M 2,000 hp (1,500 kW) diesel engines 3 × Electric motors, two 1,350 hp (1,010 kW) and one 2,700 hp (2,000 kW) 1 × 180 hp (130 kW) auxiliary motor 3 shafts, each with 6-bladed propellers
Speed:	16 knots (30 km/h) surfaced 15 knots (28 km/h) submerged 9 knots (17 km/h) snorkeling
Range:	20,000 nmi (37,000 km) at 8 kn (15 km/h) surfaced 11,000 nmi (20,000 km) snorkeling 380 nmi (700 km) at 2 kn (3.7 km/h) submerged
Endurance:	3-5 days submerged
Test depth:	246–296 m (807–971 ft)
Complement:	12 officers, 10 warrants, 56 seamen
Armament:	10 × torpedo tubes (6 bow, 4 stern) 22 torpedoes

The Foxtrot class was the NATO reporting name of a class of diesel-electric patrol submarines that were built in the Soviet Union. The Soviet designation of this class was Project 641.

The Foxtrot class was designed to replace the earlier Zulu class, which suffered from structural weaknesses and harmonic vibration problems that limited its operational depth and submerged speed. The first Foxtrot keel was laid down in 1957 and commissioned in 1958 and the last was completed in 1983. A total of 58 were built for the Soviet Navy at the Sudomekh division of the Admiralty Shipyard (now Admiralty Wharves), St. Petersburg.^[1] Additional hulls were built for other countries.

The Foxtrot class was comparable in performance and armament to most contemporary designs. However, its three screws made it noisier than most Western designs. Moreover, the Foxtrot class was one of the last designs introduced before the adoption of the teardrop hull, which offered much better underwater performance. Also, although the Foxtrot was larger than a Zulu Class Submarine, the Foxtrot Class had 2 of its 3 decks dedicated to batteries. This gave it an underwater endurance of 10 days, but the weight of the batteries made the Foxtrot's average speed a slow 2 knots. Due to the batteries taking up 2 decks, onboard conditions were crowded with space being relatively small even when compared to older submarines such as the much older American Balao-class submarine. The Foxtrot class was completely obsolete by the time the last submarine was launched. The Russian Navy retired its last Foxtrots between 1995 and 2000,^[2] units were scrapped and disposed of for museum purposes.^[3] The last known operational unit, Zaporizhzhia, served in the Ukrainian Naval Forces until it was surrendered to / captured by Russia on March 22, 2014, as part of the Russian annexation of Crimea.^[4] Russia decided not to accept it due to its age and operational unsuitability. Its subsequent status was unknown.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Foxtrots played a central role in some of the most dramatic incidents of the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Soviet Navy deployed four Foxtrot submarines to Cuba. US Navy destroyers dropped practice depth charges near Foxtrot subs near Cuba in efforts to force them to surface and be identified. Three of the four Foxtrot submarines were forced to surface, one eluded US forces.^[1]

Units

Following is a list of the 58 submarines built during the Soviet Project 641.

A museum ship, INS Kursura S20.^[5]

Inside a Foxtrot museum ship

Torpedo room of a Foxtrot museum ship

Opened torpedo tube in a Foxtrot

Control room of a Foxtrot museum ship

Project 641 (NATO: Foxtrot Class)
Number	Shipyard	Project	Laid down	Launched	Decommissioned	Status
B-94	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	03.10.1957	28.12.1957	01.10.1984	Decommissioned for scrapping^[1]
B-95	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	02.02.1958	25.04.1958	22.02.1980	Decommissioned for scrapping^[1]
B-36	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	29.04.1958	31.08.1958	24.08.1993	Decommissioned for scrapping^[1]
B-37	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	18.07.1958	05.11.1958	11.01.1962	Sank after fire and multiple explosions
B-133	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	27.09.1958	26.01.1959	01.10.1983	Renamed B-833
B-135	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	20.12.1958	30.03.1959	01.07.1977	-
B-139	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	25.02.1959	30.05.1959	01.10.1976	Renamed B-839
B-116	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	09.06.1959	10.10.1959	28.09.1994	-
B-130	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	22.08.1959	17.12.1959	01.10.1988	-
B-85	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	23.12.1959	19.03.1960	19.04.1990	-
B-59	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	21.02.1960	06.06.1960	19.04.1990	-
B-156	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	20.04.1960	02.08.1960	19.04.1991	-
B-153	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	06.08.1960	31.01.1961	24.06.1991	Renamed B-854
B-164	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	26.10.1960	02.08.1960	03.07.1992	-
B-33	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	03.02.1961	27.04.1961	24.06.1991	-
B-105	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	01.07.1961	01.10.1961	24.08.1993	-
B-169	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	17.08.1961	29.11.1961	19.04.1990	-
B-38	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	30.10.1961	31.01.1962	25.04.1989	-
B-53	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	08.01.1962	12.04.1962	19.04.1990	renamed B-853
B-50	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	07.03.1962	15.06.1962	03.07.1992	-
B-8	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	09.05.1962	21.07.1962	19.04.1990	-
B-31	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	18.08.1962	03.11.1962	24.06.1991	-
B-2	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	27.10.1962	25.01.1963	24.06.1991	-
B-55	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	22.01.1963	05.04.1963	03.07.1992	renamed B-855
B-98	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	04.04.1963	15.06.1963	2001	Renamed 292 Wilk
B-101	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	19.06.1963	30.08.1963	30.06.1993	-
B-6	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	09.08.1963	30.11.1963	24.08.1994	-
B-103	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	14.12.1963	16.04.1964	24.06.1991	-
B-109	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	22.02.1964	17.06.1964	28.09.1997	-
B-107	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	18.04.1964	25.07.1964	04.08.1995	renamed B-807
B-112	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	19.06.1964	27.10.1964	19.04.1990	-
B-25	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	26.08.1964	22.12.1964	03.07.1992	-
B-205	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	17.06.1969	29.08.1969	31.01.1996	-
B-143	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	21.10.1959	17.02.1960	24.06.1991	-
B-15	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	10.10.1963	21.02.1964	29.10.1992	-
B-427	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	10.04.1971	22.06.1971	28.04.1994	Museum, Long Beach, California, USA
B-39	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	09.02.1967	15.04.1967	05.07.1994	Museum, San Diego, California, USA
B-440	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	01.06.1970	16.09.1970	1999	Museum, Russia
B-435	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	24.03.1970	29.05.1970	Unknown	As U-01 "Zaporizhiya" in the Ukraine
B-9	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	26.12.1964	31.03.1965	17.07.1997	-
B-4	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	14.06.1960	03.10.1960	24.06.1991	-
B-57	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	23.04.1959	15.08.1959	24.06.1991	-
B-7	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	14.04.1961	29.06.1961	19.04.1990	-
B-21	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	29.10.1964	16.02.1965	03.07.1995	renamed B-821, Museum, Zeebrugge, Belgium
B-26	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	06.05.1965	10.08.1965	24.06.1991	-
B-28	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	24.05.1965	10.08.1965	30.06.1993	-
B-34	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	13.08.1965	16.11.1965	24.06.1991	-
B-40	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	24.09.1965	16.11.1965	30.06.1993	-
B-29	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	25.03.1966	20.05.1966	2003	1988 Renamed 293 Dzik
B-41	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	07.04.1966	20.05.1966	24.08.1993	-
B-46	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	13.08.1966	24.12.1966	30.06.1993	-
B-49	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	12.10.1966	24.12.1966	31.12.1993	Museum, Rochester, Kent, England
B-397	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	07.05.1967	22.08.1967	30.06.1993	-
B-400	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	29.05.1967	22.08.1967	24.09.1991	-
B-413	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	28.06.1968	07.10.1968	1999	Museum, Kaliningrad, Russia
B-416	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	18.07.1968	25.02.1969	03.07.1992	-
B-213	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	01.10.1969	20.01.1970	30.06.1993	-
B-409	Yard 196 Leningrad	641	18.12.1970	02.03.1971	30.06.1993	-

Operators

Most saw service in the Soviet Navy. Foxtrots were also built for the Indian Navy (eight units, from 1967 to 1974), Libyan (six units, from 1978 to 1980), and Cuban (six units, from 1978 to 1983) navies. Some Soviet Foxtrots later saw service in the Polish and Ukrainian navies.

Soviet Navy (passed on to successor states)
Russian navy (ex–Soviet Navy)
Indian Navy Variants known as the Kalvari class, now decommissioned (INS Kursura converted into a museum)^[6]
Libyan Navy 6 units (2 left but probably abandoned)^[7]
Cuban Navy 6 units
Polish Navy 2 units (ex–Soviet Navy)
- ORP Wilk (1987–2003)
- ORP Dzik (1988–2003)
Ukrainian Navy 1 unit (Zaporizhzhia), has been taken over by Russian forces during the 2014 Crimean crisis.

On display

Several Foxtrots are on display as museums around the world, including:

B-39 at the Maritime Museum of San Diego in San Diego, California, United States.
B-143 at the Seafront Maritime Theme Park in Zeebrugge, Belgium.
B-413 at Kaliningrad, Russia.
B-427 at the RMS Queen Mary in Long Beach, California, United States.
B-440 at Vytegra, a port on the Volga–Baltic Waterway in Russia.^[8]
U-475 Black Widow at Strood, Kent, United Kingdom
Indian Foxtrot submarine INS Kursura S20 at the Rama Krishna Beach, Visakhapatnam, India.

In popular culture

A Foxtrot made an appearance in seaQuest DSV in the episode "Whale Song", eco terrorist Max Scully was sinking whaling ships with a secondhand Foxtrot he purchased.
In the Stargate SG-1 Season 4 premiere "Small Victories", the Replicators take over a Russian Foxtrot codenamed Blackbird.
In the sci-fi miniseries The Triangle a Foxtrot sub is used for a search mission.
In the Tom Clancy techno-thriller novel Red Storm Rising Foxtrots are used to strike at NATO convoys in the Atlantic.
In the BBC Serial Drama Bugs, Series 1 Episode 4, a Foxtrot submarine is used by the villain.
in the 2014 film Black Sea a Foxtrot-class sub is acquired by a group of treasure hunters for use as their salvage base.

References

1 2 3 4 5 Korabli VMF SSSR, Vol. 1, Part 2, Yu. Apalkov, Sankt Peterburg, 2003, ISBN 5-8172-0072-4
↑ "Russian Navy". Fas.org. 2008-05-30. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
↑ http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/dts/641/list.htm
↑ http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/ukraine-crisis/ukrainian-sailors-surrender-submarine-russian-navy-n59451
↑ All photos taken inside museum ship acknowledged to User:Mario52
↑ Navy decommissions last Kalvari-class submarine INS Vagli
↑ "Submarine forces (Libya), Submarines - Submarine forces". Janes. Nov 10, 2010. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
↑ Подводная лодка Б-440 (Submarine B-444) (Russian)

Miller, David (2002). The Illustrated Directory of Submarines of the World. London: Salamander Books. ISBN 1-84065-375-2.
А.Б. Широкорад: Советские подводные лодки послевоенной постройки (A.B. Shirokorad: Sowjet Submarines built after WWII) Moscow, 1997, ISBN 5-85139-019-0 (Russian)
Y. Apalkow: Корабли ВМФ СССР. Многоцелевые ПЛ и ПЛ спецназначания ("Ships of the USSR - Multi-purpose submarines and Special submarines"), St Petersburg, 2003, ISBN 5-8172-0069-4 (Russian)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Foxtrot class submarines.

Foxtrot-class submarine

Project 641	B-2 B-4 Chelyabinky Komsomolets B-6 B-7 B-8 B-9 B-15 B-21 B-25 B-26 Yaroslavsky Komsomolets B-28 B-29 B-31 B-33 B-34 B-37 B-38 B-39 B-40 B-41 B-46 B-49 Valdimirsky Komsomolets B-50 B-53 B-55 ⁄ B-855 B-57 B-59 B-85 B-94 B-95 B-98 B-101 B-103 B-105 B-107 B-109 B-112 B-116 B-130 B-133 ⁄ B-833 B-135 B-139 B-143 B-153 B-156 B-164 B-169 B-205 B-213 B-213 B-397 B-400 B-409 B-413 B-416 B-427 B-435 B-440 B-807

Sold to Poland	Dzik Wilk

Project 641I, for export to India	B-51 B-401 B-402 B-405 B-456 B-464 B-470 B-522

Project 641I, for export to Libya	B-311 B-330 B-533 B-587 B-588 B-590

Project 641K, for export to Cuba	B-309 B-510 B-586

List of Soviet and Russian submarines List of Soviet and Russian submarine classes

Soviet and Russian submarine classes after 1945

Ballistic missile nuclear submarines – SSBN	658 Hotel 667A Yankee 667B Delta I 667BD Delta II 667BDR Delta III 941 Typhoon 667BDRM Delta IV 955 Dolgorukiy

Cruise missile nuclear submarines – SSGN	659 Echo I 675 Echo II 670 Charlie I 670M Charlie II 661 Papa^S 949 Oscar I 949A Oscar II

Nuclear attack submarines – SSN	627A November 671 Victor I 671RT Victor II 671RTM Victor III 705/705K Alfa 945 Sierra I 945A Sierra II 685 Mike^S 971 Akula 885 Severodvinsk

Conventional ballistic missile submarines – SSB	AV611 Zulu IV 629 Golf

Conventional cruise missile submarines – SSG	644/665 Whiskey (missile) 651 Juliett

Conventional attack submarines – SS or SSK	611 Zulu 613 Whiskey 615 Quebec 617 Whale^S 633 Romeo 641 Foxtrot 641B Tango 877 Kilo 636 Improved Kilo 677 St. Petersburg Amur S1000 Kalina

Auxiliary submarines – SSA	690 Bravo 940 India 1710 Beluga^S 1840 Lima^S 1910 Uniform 865 Losos Sarov^S

S Single ship of class

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