Busan

For other uses, see Busan (disambiguation).
Busan
부산시
Metropolitan City
Busan Metropolitan City
  transcription(s)
 • Hangul 부산광역시
 • Hanja 釜山廣域市
 • Revised Romanization Busan Gwangyeoksi
 • McCune-Reischauer Pusan Kwangyŏksi

Montage of Busan

Flag
Emblem of Busan

Map of South Korea with Busan highlighted
Coordinates: 35°10′N 129°04′E / 35.167°N 129.067°E / 35.167; 129.067Coordinates: 35°10′N 129°04′E / 35.167°N 129.067°E / 35.167; 129.067
Country South Korea South Korea
Region Yeongnam
Districts 15
Government
 • Type Mayor-Council
 • Mayor Suh Byung-soo (Saenuri)
 • Council Busan Metropolitan Council
 • National Representation
 - National Assembly
18 / 299

6.0% (total seats)

18 / 245

7.3% (constituency seats)

Area
 • Metropolitan City 767.35 km2 (296.28 sq mi)
Population (2014.10.31)[1]
 • Metropolitan City 3,525,913
 • Density 4,600/km2 (12,000/sq mi)
 • Metro 8,202,239
 • Dialect Gyeongsang
Postal code 600-010, 619-963
Area code(s) (+82) 051
Flower Camellia flower
Tree Camellia
Bird Seagull
GDP USD $296.5 billion [2]
GDP per capita USD $38,602 [2]
Website busan.go.kr

Busan (부산 or 釜山(Korean pronunciation: [pusʰan]), officially Busan Metropolitan City), romanized as Pusan before 2000,[nb 1] is South Korea's second largest city after Seoul, with a population of approximately 3.6 million. The population of the metropolitan area, including the adjacent cities of Gimhae and Yangsan, is approximately 4.6 million. The city is located on the southeastern-most tip of the Korean peninsula.

Located within South Korea's largest industrial area, "The Southeast Economic Zone" (which includes Busan, Ulsan and South Gyeongsang Province), the city is the cultural, educational and economic center of the region. It is the largest port city in South Korea and the world's fifth busiest seaport by cargo tonnage.[3] The most densely built up areas of the city are situated in a number of narrow valleys between the Nakdong River and the Suyeong River, with mountains separating most of the districts. Administratively, it is designated as a Metropolitan City. The Busan metropolitan area is divided into 15 major administrative districts and a single county.

Busan was the host city of the 2002 Asian Games and the APEC 2005 Korea. It was also one of the host cities for the 2002 FIFA World Cup, and is a center for international conventions in Korea. On November 14, 2005, the city authorities officially announced its bid to host the 2020 Summer Olympics Games.[4] After Pyeongchang's successful bid for the 2018 Winter Olympics, Busan is considering bidding to host the 2028 or 2032 Summer Olympics.[5]

Busan has Korea's largest beach and longest river, and is home to the world's largest department store, the Shinsegae Centum City.[6]

History

Gwangan Bridge
Busan at night

Geochilsan-guk existed in the second and 3rd and 4th centuries as a chiefdom of Jinhan. It was absorbed by Silla and renamed Geochilsan-gun. The word Geochilsan means rough mountain, probably referring to Hwangnyeongsan, located at the center of the city.

The grave goods excavated from mounded burials at Bokcheon-dong indicate that a complex chiefdom ruled by powerful individuals was present in the Busan area just as the Three Kingdoms of Korea were forming, c. AD 300–400. The mounded burials of Bokcheon-dong were built along the top of a ridge that overlooks a wide area that makes up parts of modern-day Dongnae-gu and Yeonje-gu. Archaeologists excavated more than 250 iron weapons and ingots from Burial No. 38, a wooden chamber tomb at Bokcheon-dong.

In 757, Geochilsan-gun was again renamed Dongnae, which it is still called.

From the beginning of the 15th century, the Korean government designated Busan as a trading port with the Japanese and allowed their settlement. Other Japanese settlements in Ulsan and Jinhae diminished later, but the Busan settlement, called Waegwan at the time, continued until Japan invaded Korea in 1592. After the war, diplomatic relations with the new shogunate in Japan were established in 1607, and Busan Waegwan was permitted to be reconstructed. The Japanese settlement, though relocated into Choryang later, continued to exist until Korea was exposed to modern diplomacy in 1876. In 1876, Busan became the first international port in Korea.

During the Japanese rule, Busan (known in Japanese also as Fusan) developed into a hub trading port with Japan. Busan was the only city in Korea to adopt the steam tramway before electrification was introduced in 1924.

During the Korean War, Busan was one of only two cities in South Korea not captured by the North Korean army within the first three months of the War. As a result, the city became a refugee camp site for Koreans during the war, along with Daegu.[7]

As Busan was one of the few areas in Korea that remained under the control of South Korea throughout the Korean War, for some time it served as a temporary capital of the Republic of Korea. UN troops established a defensive perimeter around the city known as the Pusan Perimeter in the summer and autumn of 1950. Since then, like Seoul, the city has been a self-governing metropolis and has built a strong urban character.

In 1963, Busan separated from Gyeongsangnam-do to become a Directly Governed City (Jikhalsi). In 1983, the provincial capitol of Gyeongsangnam-do was moved from Busan to Changwon.

In 1995, Busan became a Metropolitan City (Gwangyeoksi).

Panorama of Busan from Busan Tower

Names

Busan's names include Pusan-gwangyŏksi (approved),[8] Pusan,[9] Fusan,[10] Fuzan-fu,[11] Husan,[12] Husan Hu,[13] Pusan-chikhalsi,[14] Pusan-jikhalsi,[15] Pusan-pu[16] and Pusan-si.[17]

The city was originally called Busanpo. It was named after the shape of the mountain behind Busan Port. Korean bu (hangul: 부, hanja: 釜) means a cauldron, san (hangul: 산, hanja: 山) means a mountain, and po (hangul: 포, hanja: 浦) means a harbor. It may be said that a harbor is located at the foot of a mountain resembling a cauldron. Since the late 15th century, the current name Busan (hangul: 부산, hanja: 釜山) has been widely used.[18]

Geography

View from Geumjeong Mountain.

Busan is located on the Southeastern tip of the Korean Peninsula. It is located on the coast, which determined the development of the whole city itself. It is the nearest of South Korea's six largest cities to Japan. The distance as the crow flies from Busan to Tsushima Island, Japan, is about 49.5 km (31 mi), to Fukuoka, Japan, about 180 km (112 mi), and by contrast, to Seoul about 314 km (195 mi). Busan borders low mountains on the north and west, and the seas on the south and east. The Nakdong River Delta is located on the west side of the city, and Geumjeongsan, the highest mountain in the city, on the north. The Nakdong River, South Korea's longest river, flows through the west and empties into the Korea Strait. The southeastern region, called Yeongnam in Korea, encompasses both Gyeongsang Provinces and 3 metropolitan cities of Busan, Daegu and Ulsan. Ulsan lies northeast of Busan. Combined population exceeds 13 million.

Climate

Busan (1981–2010)
Climate chart (explanation)
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
34
 
 
8
−1
 
 
50
 
 
10
1
 
 
81
 
 
13
5
 
 
133
 
 
18
10
 
 
157
 
 
22
14
 
 
207
 
 
24
18
 
 
317
 
 
27
22
 
 
255
 
 
29
23
 
 
158
 
 
26
20
 
 
58
 
 
22
14
 
 
46
 
 
16
8
 
 
23
 
 
11
2
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm

Located on the southeasternmost tip of the Korean Peninsula, Busan has a cooler version of a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cwa). Extremely high or low temperatures are rare. May to July, late Springs and early Summers, are usually cooler than inland regions because of the ocean effect. Late Summer and early Autumn, August and September, are generally hot and humid and the city may experience typhoons at that time and be generally rainy. On September 15, 1959, Super Typhoon Sarah passed by the coast of the city and caused catastrophic damage. An unusually severe storm on September 12, 2003, Typhoon Maemi, also caused damage to ships and buildings and resulted in over 48 fatalities.

October and November are generally the most comfortable, with clear skies and pleasant temperatures. Winters are cold and comparatively dry with high winds, but much milder than other parts of Korea except Jeju-do and several islands off the southern coast. Busan and the nearby area has the least amount of snow compared to other regions of Korea due to its location. Snow falls on an average of only about 6 days per year. Even a little accumulation of snow can effectively shut down this seaport city because of the hilly terrain and unfamiliarity of motorists with driving on snow.

Climate data for Busan (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 7.8
(46)		 9.8
(49.6)		 13.4
(56.1)		 18.2
(64.8)		 21.7
(71.1)		 24.4
(75.9)		 27.3
(81.1)		 29.4
(84.9)		 26.3
(79.3)		 22.4
(72.3)		 16.3
(61.3)		 10.5
(50.9)		 18.9
(66)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.2
(37.8)		 4.9
(40.8)		 8.6
(47.5)		 13.6
(56.5)		 17.5
(63.5)		 20.7
(69.3)		 24.1
(75.4)		 25.9
(78.6)		 22.3
(72.1)		 17.6
(63.7)		 11.6
(52.9)		 5.8
(42.4)		 14.7
(58.5)
Average low °C (°F) −0.6
(30.9)		 1.1
(34)		 4.9
(40.8)		 9.9
(49.8)		 14.1
(57.4)		 17.9
(64.2)		 21.8
(71.2)		 23.4
(74.1)		 19.5
(67.1)		 14.1
(57.4)		 7.8
(46)		 2.0
(35.6)		 11.3
(52.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 34.4
(1.354)		 50.2
(1.976)		 80.7
(3.177)		 132.7
(5.224)		 157.4
(6.197)		 206.7
(8.138)		 316.9
(12.476)		 255.1
(10.043)		 158.0
(6.22)		 58.4
(2.299)		 45.8
(1.803)		 22.8
(0.898)		 1,519.1
(59.807)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 5.5 6.2 8.4 9.1 9.4 10.4 13.6 11.5 9.3 5.2 5.5 4.2 98.3
Average relative humidity (%) 48.3 51.4 57.7 62.7 69.8 77.4 84.3 79.9 73.9 64.0 57.0 50.1 64.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours 199.0 182.5 193.0 210.0 221.7 179.7 165.8 200.9 167.2 208.9 194.4 204.3 2,327.3
Source: Korea Meteorological Administration[19]

Administrative divisions

In 1957 Busan adopted a division system with the creation of 6 gu: Busanjin-gu, Dong-gu, Dongnae-gu, Jung-gu, Seo-gu, and Yeongdo-gu.

Today, Busan is divided into 15 gu (districts) and 1 gun (county).

Administrative divisions
Subdivision Korean Area (km²)
 Population
Buk District 북구; 北區 39.44 313,553
Busanjin District 부산진구; 釜山鎭區 29.69 398,174
Dong District 동구; 東區 9.78 102,859
Dongnae District 동래구; 東萊區 16.63 283,636
Gangseo District 강서구; 江西區 180.24 66,269
Geumjeong District 금정구; 金井區 65.17 257,662
Haeundae District 해운대구; 海雲臺區 51.46 429,477
Jung District 중구; 中區 2.82 50,555
Nam District 남구; 南區 26.77 301,904
Saha District 사하구; 沙下區 40.96 362,697
Sasang District 사상구; 沙上區 36.06 261,673
Seo District 서구; 西區 13.88 127,068
Suyeong District 수영구; 水營區 10.20 179,208
Yeongdo District 영도구; 影島區 14.13 148,431
Yeonje District 연제구; 蓮堤區 12.08 213,453
Gijang County 기장군; 機張郡) 218.04 103,762

Economy

Hanjin Heavy Industries

Busan is an international business and financial center and renowned for its machinery, steel, ship building and marine industries, fashion, tourism and trade fairs. Busan is the fifth busiest seaport in the world,[3] with transportation and shipping among the most high profile aspects of the local economy. Since 1978, Busan has opened three container ports including Jaseungdae, Shinsundae, and Gamman. Busan has one of the world's largest ports and can handle up to 13.2 million TEU shipping containers per year.

The Busan-Jinhae Free Economic Zone Authority, one of two such administrations in Korea, was created to reassert Busan's status as a traditional international trading centre. The port attracts ships from all over the globe and the surrounding area aspires to become a regional financial centre.

Korea Exchange (KRX), Korea's sole securities exchange operator, is headquartered in Busan.

Busan is the home of the headquarters of Renault Samsung Motors, Hanjin Heavy Industries, Busan Bank, Air Busan, Hi Investment & Securities, Woori Aviva Life Insurance, Korea Technology Finance Corporation, Korea Asset Management Corporation, Korea Housing-Finance Corporation, Korea Securities Depository, Korea Housing Guarantee Company, Korea Southern Power Company, BNK Financial Group.

Jagalchi Fish Market is the largest fish market in Korea.

Busan is ranked the fourth best city after Singapore, Seoul and Tokyo among Asia's top convention cities in a 2011 global ranking by the International Congress and Convention Association (ICCA).[20]

Busan was ranked the 27th among 83 cities and top 8 Asia/Pacific centres of the Global Financial Centres Index (GFCI) published by UK-based Z/Yen Group in March 2014.

Shopping and commerce

Seomyeon
Jagalchi Market

Commercial areas are dispersed throughout the city near busy intersections and adjacent to university campuses, but the two largest central business districts in Busan are Seomyeon and Gwangbok-dong/Nampo-dong. There are also four substantial shopping areas of note: Seomyeon, Gwangbok-dong, Busan Dae Hakap in Jangjeon-dong, and Centum City in Haeundae-gu.

Seomyeon is the crossroads of Busan. The local subway station serves two lines and is one of the busiest in the city. Seomyeon subway station is also home to a large number of underground shops, selling a variety of products, predominately clothing and footwear. These are small boutique shops, selling locally produced products. Though shopping here can be frustrating, as you are often not allowed to try on the merchandise, you are sure to find some great bargains. The local head offices of Korean and international banks are located in Seomyeon. It is recognized as the ascendant shopping and entertainment district. It is also home to "Seomyeon Medical Street", the district encompassing the 1 km-radius range around Lotte Department Store in Seomyeon and the Buam subway station. The Street is home to a total of 160 cosmetic and other medical clinics, including those specializing in cosmetic surgery, dermatology, ophthalmology and dentistry.[21][22] Directly adjacent to Seomyeon is Bujeon Market, the largest traditional market in the city. Other companies with offices here include Yeolmae Food.

The Gwangbok-dong, Nampo-dong, and Jungang-dong areas form the old central business district. Some of the restaurants in this district use family recipes passed down the generations. Jagalchi Market, a large seafood market, is located in this area. The Gukje Market is also nearby. Jungang-dong is the home of many international law offices, the old Immigration Office, and the international ferry terminal serving Japanese routes. Lotte World II is currently under construction along the water between Jungang-dong 7-Ga and 8-Ga.[23]

Centum City, an industrial complex, is a popular new shopping area with luxury department stores.

Major department stores

Store Places of Branch in Busan
Lotte Department Store Centum City, Seomyeon, Gwangbok, Dongnae
Shinsegae Department Store Centum City
Hyundai Department Store Beomil-dong

Premium outlets

Store Location
Lotte Premium Outlets Gimhae
Shinsegae Simon Premium Outlets Gijang
Lotte Mall DongBusan Gijang

Major large discount stores

Store
Home Plus
E Mart
Lotte Mart
Hanaro Club
Mega Mart
Costco

Educational facilities

Universities with graduate schools

A panoramic view of PNU
Korea Maritime University

Other institutes of higher education

Foreign schools

Primary and secondary schools:

Colleges and universities:

Culture and attractions

Busan not only features a variety of antique and souvenir shops, but also unique restaurants, attractions and accommodations.

Parks, beaches, and highlights

Nurimaru APEC House
Dadaepo Beach

Nampo-dong is a popular central shopping and cafe district. The area around Pukyong National University and Kyungsung University also has many cafes, bars, and restaurants attracting college students and youth.

Busan is called the summer capital of Korea since it attracts tourists from all over the country to its six beaches. Luxury hotels and a carnival boardwalk line the beach at Haeundae. Gwangalli Beach has cafes, bars, and restaurants along the beach, and the Grand Gwangan Bridge. Other beaches include Dadaepo Beach on the west edge of the city and Songdo Beach, which is south-central.

Geumjeongsan to the west is a popular weekend hiking spot for Busan residents. To the north, the neighborhoods around Pusan National University (also known as PNU, which is one of the most highly recognized national institutes of higher education in Korea) have student theaters, cafes, bars and restaurants, as well as open-air cultural street performances on weekend nights. Nearby is Beomeosa, the city's main Korean Buddhist temple.

Yongdusan Park occupies 69,000 square meters/17 acres (7 ha) and is home to the Busan Tower, Yongdusan Art Gallery, and the Busan Aquarium. The park supports approximately seventy different species of trees and is a favorite tourist destination, with various cultural events throughout the year.[25]

Dongnae-gu is a wealthy and traditional residential area. Dongnae Oncheon is a natural spa area with many baths, tourist hotels, restaurants, clubs and shopping areas. Many restaurants in the area use family recipes. Chungnyeolsa is a Confucian shrine for soldiers who died during the 16th century battle against the Japanese at Dongnae Fortress.[26]

Taejongdae is a natural park with magnificent cliffs facing the open sea on the island of Yeongdo.

The area known as the "Foreigners' Shopping Street", but commonly referred to as "Texas Street" near part of the Port of Busan, and adjacent to the front entrance to the Busan Train Station (부산역) has many businesses that cater to the local Russian population, as well as the crews of foreign ships. The area was originally the location of the local Chinatown and still contains a Chinese school.

Busan Aquarium, located in Haeundae Beach, is the largest aquarium in South Korea. Haedong Yonggung temple is one of three sacred places related to the Goddess Buddha. It is located right next to the sea. It lies in a mountain in the front and the sea at the back.

Gamcheon-dong, located west of Nampo-dong, is a hidden hillside area within the city with high, sweeping views of the ocean and brightly painted houses.

Busan Citizens Park (formerly Camp Hialeah) is a former Imperial Japanese Army base and United States Army camp located in the Busanjin District.

Temples, religious and historical sites

Beomeosa Temple
Haedong Yonggungsa Temple

Arts

Busan Cinema Center, Dureraum.

Busan hosts the Busan International Film Festival (BIFF)—one of the most popular international film festivals in Asia—at the Busan Cinema Center every fall. It is also the home of the Busan Biennale, an international contemporary art biennale which takes place every two years.

It also hosted the 2nd Asia Song Festival, organised by Korea Foundation for International Culture Exchange, in 2005.[28]

In 2012 German artist Hendrik Beikirch, along with Public Delivery, painted Asia and the world's tallest mural.[29]

Museums

Busan Exhibition and Convention Center

Traditional cuisine

A plate of a colorful pancake made with green scallions, sliced red chili pepper and chopped seafood
Dongnae pajeon

Busan was once a center of military affairs in the southern region of the peninsula and therefore was an important site for diplomatic relationships with Japan; high-ranking officers and officials from the court frequently visited the city. Special foods were prepared for the officers such as Dongnae pajeon (동래파전), a variant of pajeon (Korean savory pancakes), made with whole scallions, sliced chili peppers, and various kinds of seafood in a thick batter of wheat flour, glutinous rice flour, eggs, salt and water.[30][31]

During the Korean War, Busan was the biggest refugee destination on the peninsula; people from all regions of Korea came there. Some of these refugees stayed and adapted and adjusted the recipes of their local specialties. One of these foods is milmyeon (밀면) (lit. 'wheat noodle') a version of naengmyeon, cold buckwheat noodle soup, but using wheat flour instead. (Naemyeon is originally a specialty food of Hamhung and Pyongyang, the northern regions of the Korean peninsula, now part of North Korea.[32][33]) Dwaeji gukbap (돼지국밥) (lit. 'pork/pig soup rice') is also a result of Korean War. It is a hearty pork soup and is becoming more popular nationwide.[34]

Hot spring resorts and spas

Busan has the largest hot spring resorts and facilities in Korea.

Religion

Religion in Busan (2005)[35]

  Not religious (43%)
  Buddhism (39.2%)
  Protestantism (10.4%)
  Catholicism (7.4%)

According to the census of 2005, of the people of Busan 39.2% follow Buddhism and 17.8% follow Christianity (10.4% Protestantism and 7.4% Catholicism).[35] 43% of the population is mostly not religious or follow other indigenous religions.

Communications

Station or Newspaper Types
Busan KBS TV, Radio
Busan MBC TV, Radio
KNN TV, Radio
Busan CBS Radio
Busan BBS Radio
Busan eFM Radio (English,Chinese)
Busan PBC Radio
Busan Ilbo Daily Newspaper
Kookje Shinmun Daily Newspaper

Sports

Sports teams and facilities

Club League Stadium Stadium Capacity Sports Type
Lotte Giants KBO League Sajik Baseball Stadium 28,500 Baseball
Busan IPark K League Challenge Busan Asiad Stadium 53,864 Football
Busan KT Sonicboom KBL Sajik Arena 14,099 Basketball

Baseball

Sajik Baseball Stadium

Since 1982, the city has been home to the Lotte Giants, who play in the Korea Professional Baseball league. In Korea, Busan is known as the capital of baseball and has a reputation for very enthusiastic baseball fans.[36] For the first few years, the Lotte Giants utilized Gudeok Baseball Stadium as their home. In the mid-1980s, they moved to Sajik Baseball Stadium, which was built as part of a sports complex for the 1986 Asian Games.

Football

The city is home to a K-League football team, the Busan IPark. The team was formerly known as the Daewoo Royals and was a successful team during the 1990s. Busan is also home to a National League football club, the Busan Transportation Corporation.

Basketball

Busan also has a Korean Basketball League team, the Busan KT Sonicboom that plays in Sajik Arena.

Thoroughbred racing

Thoroughbred horse racing is held at Busan-Gyeongnam Horse Racing Park every weekend.

Bicycle racing

Bicycle Racing is held at "Busan Cydrome," the velodrome in Geumjeong Sports Park, every weekend.

Festivals and events

Busan celebrates festivals all year round.

Month Annual Festivals and Events
January New Year Festival in Busan, Polar Bear Swimming Contest
February Haeundae Moontan Road Festival
March Busan International Performing Arts Festival
April Gwangalli Fishery(Eobang) Festival
May Busan Motor Show, Busan Port Festival, Busan Contents Market, Busan International Short Film Festival
June Haeundae Sand Festival, Busan International Dance Festival, Art Busan
July Gijang Town Festival
August Busan Sea Festival, Busan International Rock Festival, Busan International Magic Festival, Busan International Kids' Film Festival, Busan International Advertising Festival, Busan International Comedy Festival
September Busan Biennale, Busan Sea Art Festival, Busan Maru International Music Festival
October Busan International Film Festival, Busan International Fireworks Festival, Busan Jagalchi Festival
November Busan Port Lighting Festival, G-Star-Global Game Exhibition, Busan Choral Festival & Competition
December Busan Christmas Tree Festival

Medical facilities

Busan has many hospitals and clinics. Many cosmetic surgery, dermatological, ophthalmic, dental clinics are concentrated in Seomyeon medical street.

Major medical centers

Name of Hospital Number of beds
Pusan National University Hospital at Yangsan 1720 [37]
Pusan National University Hospital at Busan 1180 [38]
Inje University Paik Hospital at Haeundae 1004 [39]
Dong-A University Hospital 920 [40]
Kosin University Hospital 912 [41]
Busan St. Mary's Medical Center 716 [42]
Dong-eui Medical Center 640 [43]
Busan Baptist Hospital 608 [44]
Busan Medical Center 591 [45]
Maryknoll Medical Center 501 [46]
Inje University Paik Hospital at Busan 898 [47]
Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences Cancer Center 304 [48]

Transportation

Bus

Major express bus lines link Busan with other cities in Korea at two primary bus terminals, Nopodong Bus Terminal (at the northern terminus of Subway Line 1) and Seobu Bus Terminal at Sasang Station on Subway Line 2.

134 routes of urban buses service every part of Busan Metropolitan City. (Busan Urban Bus)

Sea

Busan Port Pier 1 with the International Ferry Terminal (3 docked ferries shown)

Ferries leaving from the International Ferry Terminal on Busan Port Pier 1 connect Busan to the Japanese ports of Izuhara and Hitakatsu on Tsushima Island, as well as the cities of Shimonoseki, Fukuoka, and Osaka on Japan's mainland.[49]

This is administered by the Busan Port Authority.

National railway

Busan lies on a number of rail lines, of which the most important is the Gyeongbu Line which connects it to other major cities such as Seoul, Daejeon, and Daegu. All classes of trains run along the Gyeongbu Line, including the superhigh speed KTX trains which provide frequent services to Seoul in approximately 150 minutes. The Gyeongbu Line terminates at Busan Station. Other lines include the Donghae Nambu Line which connects Ulsan, Pohang and Gyeongju.

Subway

Busan Subway Line 2
Main article: Busan Metro

The Busan Subway network contains four lines: 1, 2, 3, and 4. All four lines are operated by the Busan Transportation Corporation. The Busan-Gimhae Light Rail Transit line connects from Sasang Station (Line 2), Busan to Samgye Station, Gimhae.

Air

Busan is served by Gimhae International Airport in Gangseo-gu. Gimhae International Airport is connected by Busan-Gimhae Light Rail Transit

International relations

Twin towns and sister cities

Busan shares the title of sister city with several coastal cities or provinces around the world.[55]

Friendship cities

Sister ports

The Port of Busan also has 6 sister ports (listed in order of dates).[59]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ This romanization of the city's name is in McCune-Reischauer. It was used prior to the official adoption of the Revised Romanization by the South Korean Government in 2000.

References

  1. ↑ , Retrieved 2014-07-02.
  2. 1 2 "Global city GDP 2014". Brookings Institution. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  3. 1 2 http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=ah2Znx0vQ580 Empty Containers Clog Busan Port as Trade Slumps, bloomberg.com – March 3, 2009 02:12 EST
  4. ↑ People's Daily Online (2005-11-14). "Pusan to declare bid to host 2020 Olympic Games". Retrieved December 8, 2006.
  5. ↑ "24 HOUR NEWS CHANNEL ::::: YTN (와이티엔)". YTN. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
  6. ↑ "Largest Department Store - Guinness World Records Blog post - Home of the Longest, Shortest, Fastest, Tallest facts and feats". Community.guinnessworldrecords.com. 2009-06-29. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
  7. ↑ Andrei Lankov (2010-01-31) https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/special/2010/02/113_60003.html January 1951: Life of Korean War Refugees in Busan The Korea Times
  8. ↑ "Pusan-gwangyŏksi: South Korea". Geographical Names. Retrieved 2011-08-15.
  9. ↑ "Pusan: South Korea". Geographical Names. Retrieved 2011-08-15.
  10. ↑ "Fusan: South Korea". Geographical Names. Retrieved 2011-08-15.
  11. ↑ "Fuzan-fu: South Korea". Geographical Names. Retrieved 2011-08-15.
  12. ↑ "Husan: South Korea". Geographical Names. Retrieved 2011-08-15.
  13. ↑ "Husan Hu: South Korea". Geographical Names. Retrieved 2011-08-15.
  14. ↑ "Pusan-chikhalsi: South Korea". Geographical Names. Retrieved 2011-08-15.
  15. ↑ "Pusan-jikhalsi: South Korea". Geographical Names. Retrieved 2011-08-15.
  16. ↑ "Pusan-pu: South Korea". Geographical Names. Retrieved 2011-08-15.
  17. ↑ "Pusan-si: South Korea". Geographical Names. Retrieved 2011-08-15.
  18. ↑ "The origin of the name Busan" (in Korean). Busan City. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
  19. ↑ "평년값자료(1981–2010) 부산(159)". Korea Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 2011-05-27.
  20. ↑ <http://www.uia.be/>
  21. ↑ Archived April 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  22. ↑ "부산시, 제1회 서면메디컬스트리트 축제 개최 | 뉴스와이어". Newswire.co.kr. Retrieved 2013-03-12.
  23. ↑ "World Tourism Summit and TPO Forum 2008". Worldtourismsummit.com. 2005-11-14. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
  24. ↑ "[Overseas Chinese Elementary School Busan Korea]." International School Information, Government of South Korea. Retrieved on March 30, 2016. Homepage
  25. ↑ "Official Site of Korea Tourism Org.: Yongdusan Park". Visitkorea.or.kr. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
  26. ↑ "Chungnyeolsa Introduction(충렬사소개)". Busan Metropolitan City. Retrieved 2011-12-11.
  27. ↑ United Nations Memorial Cemetery Homepage
  28. ↑ KOFICE 2nd Asia Song Festival 11 November 2005. Retrieved 2011-10-12
  29. ↑ Asia's Tallest Mural by Hendrik Beikirch. Yatzer (2012-09-10). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
  30. ↑
  31. ↑ "[내고장 이 맛!] 부산 동래파전". Seoul.co.kr. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
  32. ↑ Kim Gi-hyeon (김기현) (2009-05-13) 동래파전·돼지국밥…음식도 관광자원으로 (in Korean) Munhwa Ilbo
  33. ↑ Lee Gyeong-taek (이경택) (2002-09-26) 부산AG 장외 음식열전 (in Korean) Munhwa Ilbo
  34. ↑ Noh, Ju-Seok (노주석) (2009-07-29) (씨줄날줄) 영도다리/노주석 논설위원] (in Korean) Seoul Sinmun
  35. 1 2 2005 Census - Religion Results
  36. ↑ (Korean) 사직구장 대대적 보수로 지정석만 2만1천석. Sports Khan. Retrieved 2011-11-27
  37. ↑ "::빠르고 정확한 인터넷 의협신문::". Doctorsnews.co.kr. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
  38. ↑ "Pusan National University Hospital". .pnuh.co.kr. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
  39. ↑ "Inje University Paik Hospital". Paik.ac.kr. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
  40. ↑ "동아대학교의료원 홈페이지에 오신것을 환영합니다". Damc.or.kr. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
  41. ↑ "Kosin University Gospel Hospital". Kosinmed.or.kr. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
  42. ↑ "부산성모병원". Bsm.or.kr. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
  43. ↑ "Dong-Eui Medical Center - Busan, Korea". Demc.kr. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
  44. ↑ "침례병원". wmbh.co.kr. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
  45. ↑ "Busan Medical Center". Eng.busanmc.or.kr. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
  46. ↑ "메리놀병원". Maryknoll.co.kr. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
  47. ↑ "인제대학교 부산백병원 - 환자중심의 병원, 내집처럼 편안한 병원". Paik.ac.kr. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
  48. ↑ "Dongnam Inst. Of Radiological". Dirams.re.kr. 2013-01-29. Retrieved 2013-03-12.
  49. ↑ International Ferry Terminal
  50. ↑ PanStar Ferry, Korean operator of the ferry linking to Osaka, Japan.
  51. ↑ (Korean) Dae-a Express Shipping, operator of the ferry linking to Tsushima Island, Japan.
  52. ↑ Pukwan Ferry, operator of the ferry linking to Shimonoseki, Japan.
  53. ↑ (Japanese) Camellia Line, (Korean) Korea Ferry
  54. ↑ Kobee and Beetle, ferries linking to Fukuoka, Japan.
  55. ↑ List of Busan's sister cities, Busan Metropolitan City; , (Korean) Archived July 2, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
  56. ↑ "Barcelona internacional – Ciutats agermanades" (in Spanish). © 2006–2009 Ajuntament de Barcelona. Retrieved 2009-07-13. External link in |publisher= (help)
  57. ↑ "CÁC ĐỊA PHƯƠNG NƯỚC NGOÀI ĐÃ THIẾT LẬP QUAN HỆ HỮU NGHỊ HỢP TÁC VỚI TPHCM". mofahcm.gov.vn. October 9, 2010. Retrieved January 8, 2011.
  58. ↑ "SUMMARY OF FOREIGN TRAVEL AUTHORITY ISSUED TO LOCAL OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES" (PDF). dilg.gov.ph. November 2011. Retrieved February 2015.
  59. ↑ Port of Busan, Sister Ports, Busan
  60. ↑ http://www.city.osaka.jp/port/e_17_sister.html

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