Q and R-class destroyer
.jpg) HMAS Quiberon, 1945 | |
| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Operators: | |
| Preceded by: | O and P class |
| Succeeded by: | S and T class |
| Subclasses: | Q, R |
| Completed: | 16 |
| Lost: | 2 (+1 expended) |
| Retired: | 13 |
| General characteristics Q class[1] | |
| Type: | Q and R destroyer |
| Displacement: | |
| Length: | 358.25 ft (109.2 m) o/a |
| Beam: | 35.75 ft (10.9 m) |
| Draught: | 9.5 ft (2.9 m) |
| Propulsion: | 2 x Admiralty 3-drum water-tube boilers, Parsons geared steam turbines, 40,000 shp (30,000 kW) on 2 shafts |
| Speed: | 36 kn (67 km/h) |
| Range: | 4,675 nmi (8,658 km) at 20 knots (37 km/h) |
| Complement: | 176 (225 as flotilla leader) |
| Sensors and processing systems: |
|
| Armament: |
|
| General characteristics (R class) | |
| Displacement: |
|
| Complement: | 176 (237 in leader) |
| Armament: | 4 x throwers & 2 x racks, 70 depth charges |
| Notes: | Other characteristics as per Q class |
- For the R class of destroyers built between 1916 and 1917, see R class destroyer (1916)
The Q and R class was a class of sixteen War Emergency Programme destroyers ordered for the British Royal Navy in 1940 as the 3rd and 4th Emergency Flotilla. They served as convoy escorts during World War II. Three Q class ships were transferred to the Royal Australian Navy upon completion, with two further ships being handed over in 1945. Roebuck had the dubious honour of being launched prematurely by an air raid at Scotts shipyard in Greenock, her partially complete hulk lying submerged in the dockyard for nine months before it was salvaged and completed.[1]
Design
The Q and R class were repeats of the preceding O and P class, but reverted to the larger J, K and N class hull to allow for the inevitable growth in topweight. As they had fewer main guns than the J, K and Ns, some magazine space was replaced by fuel bunkers,[1] allowing for some 4,675 nautical miles (8,658 km) to be made at 20 knots (37 km/h), over the 3,700 nmi (6,900 km) of their ancestors. Like the O and Ps, they were armed with what weapons were available; 4.7 inch (120 mm) guns on single mountings that allowed for only 40° elevation - therefore do not compare favourably on paper with many contemporaries. These ships used the Fuze Keeping Clock HA Fire Control Computer.[2]
In the Q class, Y gun could be removed, allowing for the carriage of additional depth charges and projectors, or the carriage of minesweeps.
The R class were repeats of the Qs, except that the officers' accommodation was moved from its traditional location right aft to the more accessible location amidships.[1] This facilitated the change in watchkeepers in inclement weather; the main deck of a destroyer would often be entirely awash in heavy seas, and catwalks were not fitted to connect fore and aft until the V class ordered in 1941.
In surviving ships, the single 20 mm Oerlikon guns in the bridge wings were later replaced by hydraulically operated Mark V twin mountings. Rotherham, Raider and Rocket later had the Oerlikons and searchlight amidships replaced by four single QF 40 mm Bofors. The searchlight was later reinstated at the cost of depth charge stowage. Raider only had an additional pair of twin Mark V Oerlikon mounts added on the after shelter deck. Radar Type 290 was replaced by Type 291, and later by Type 293 in some ships. The centimetric wavelength Type 272 set was added on a platform between the torpedo tubes in Rotherham, Racehorse, Rapid, Raider and Roebuck, or at the foremast truck in other ships. Racehorse, Raider, Rapid, Redoubt and Relentless had Huff-Duff (High-frequency Direction-finder) added on a lattice mainmast.
Ships
Q class
- Queenborough, built by Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson, Wallsend, to Royal Australian Navy as HMAS Queenborough 1945, later converted to Type 15 frigate, sold for scrapping 1975
- Quadrant, built by Hawthorn Leslie & Company, Hebburn, to Australia as HMAS Quadrant 1945, later converted to Type 15 frigate, sold for scrapping 1962
- Quail, built by Hawthorn Leslie, mined off Bari 1943-11-15, foundered under tow en route for Taranto 1944-06-18
- Quality, built by Swan Hunter, to Australia as HMAS Quality 1942, sold for scrapping 1958
- Quentin, built by J. Samuel White, Cowes, torpedoed and sunk by Italian aircraft off Galita Island 1942-12-02
- Quiberon, built by White, to Australia as HMAS Quiberon 1942, later converted to Type 15 frigate, sold for scrapping 1972
- Quickmatch, built by White, to Australia as HMAS Quickmatch 1942, later converted to Type 15 frigate, sold for scrapping 1972
- Quilliam *, built by Hawthorn Leslie, to Royal Netherlands Navy as HNLMS Banckert 1945, sold for scrapping 1957
* = flotilla leader
R class
- Rotherham *, built by John Brown & Company, Clydebank, to Indian Navy as Rajput 1949
- Racehorse, built by John Brown, sold for scrapping 1949
- Raider, built by Cammell Laird & Company, Birkenhead, to India as Rana 1949
- Rapid, built by Cammell Laird, converted to Type 15 frigate 1953, expended as target 3 September 1981
- Redoubt, built by John Brown, to India as Ranjit 1949
- Relentless, built by John Brown, converted to Type 15 frigate 1951, sold for scrapping 1971
- Rocket, built by Scotts Shipbuilding & Engineering Company, Greenock, converted to Type 15 frigate 1951, sold for scrapping 1967
- Roebuck, built by Scotts, converted to Type 15 frigate 1953, sold for scrapping 1968
* = flotilla leader
Notes
References
- Raven, Alan; Roberts, John (1978). War Built Destroyers O to Z Classes. London: Bivouac Books. ISBN 0-85680-010-4.
- Whitley, M. J. (1988). Destroyers of World War 2. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-326-1.
- Destroyers of the Royal Navy, 1893–1981, Maurice Cocker, Ian Allan, ISBN 0-7110-1075-7
- Royal Navy Destroyers since 1945, Leo Marriott, Ian Allan, ISBN 0-7110-1817-0
- Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1922–1946, Ed. Robert Gardiner, Naval Institute Press, ISBN 0-87021-913-8
- Warships of Australia, Ross Gillett, Illustrations Colin Graham, Rigby Limited, 1977, ISBN 0-7270-0472-7
See also
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Q and R class destroyer. |
- Type 15 frigate - most surviving Q and R class ships were given this conversion post-war.
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||