Quemuenchatocha
| Quemuenchatocha | |
|---|---|
| Zaque | |
 Quemuenchatocha, ruler of Hunza | |
| Reign | 1490–1537 |
| Predecessor | Michuá |
| Successor | Aquiminzaque |
| Born |
1472 Hunza, Muisca Confederation |
| Died |
1538 Ramiriquí, New Kingdom of Granada |
Quemuenchatocha or Quimuinchateca (Hunza, 1472 - Ramiriquí, 1538) was the second-last zaque of Hunza, currently known as Tunja, as of 1490. He was the ruler of the northern Muisca when the Spanish conquistadores arrived in the Colombian highlands. His contemporary enemy zipas of the southern Muisca were successively Nemequene and Tisquesusa.
Zaque reign in yellow
Biography
Quemuenchatocha was eighteen years old when he accessed the throne, succeeding his predecessor Michuá as ruler of the northern Muisca. He was a big and ugly man with a very wide face and a huge, twisted nose, visible in his portrait. His reign was cruel and under his tyrrany the Muisca feared him. His rule was so brutal that when the Spanish conquerors entered the outskirts of the capital Hunza and found a hill with poles were bodies were dangling, they named it Cerro de la Horca ("Gallow Hill").[1]
Both his predecessor Michuá and their eternal enemies, the southern Muisca led by zipa Saguamanchica died in the Battle of Chocontá in 1490. Quemuenchatocha succeeded the throne for the northern Muisca based in Hunza while Nemequene accessed for the southern Muisca, ruled from Bacatá. To halt the northern expansion politics of their southern enemies, Quemuenchatocha sought the help of the caciques of Gameza, Iraca, Duitama and Sáchica. In 1514 to prevent blood loss Quemuenchatocha proposed to fight only man-to-man battles. This idea didn't work out and the southern zipa Nemequene, while having won the battle of the Arroyo de las Vueltas, was lethally hurt. The southern troops retreated and installed the new ruler Tisquesusa. The cacique of Iraca, Sugamuxi, negotiated a truce between the northern and southern factions of the Muisca which held until the arrival of the Spanish in 1537.[2]
Upon the advancement of the Spanish instead of fighting them, he tried to please them with gifts while hiding the rich treasures of the Muisca, famous for their trade in emeralds and vast quantities of gold. He forbade his people to show the upcoming Spanish conquerors the way to his fortress and installed harsh penalties for doing so.[3]
The strategy didn't work out. On August 20, 1537 the Spanish conquerors led by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada found Quemuenchatocha sitting on this throne decorated with gold, emeralds and precious cloths and he was taken prisoner and deported to Suesca. This happened where today the Convento de San Agustín is located. Quemuenchatocha fled to the village of Ramiriquí where he shortly afterwards died. Following the Muisca rules of heritance, his nephew Aquiminzaque succeeded to the throne as last ruler of Muisca before the New Granada empire of Spain in northern South America was established.
In Tunja, capital of the Boyacá department, a statue honouring Quemuenchatocha and his successor Aquiminzaque (Monumento a la Raza Indígena) has been erected.[4]
See also
References
- ↑ (Spanish) Biography of Quemuenchatocha - Pueblos Originarios - accessed 18-04-2016
- ↑ (Spanish) Muisca history - Banco de la República - accessed 18-04-2016
- ↑ (Spanish) Zaque Quemuenchatocha - Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas - accessed 18-04-2016
- ↑ (Spanish) Statue honouring Quemuenchatocha - Sitios Turísticos Tunja - accessed 18-04-2016
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