Réti endgame study

Richard Réti

The Réti endgame study is a chess endgame study by Richard Réti. It was published in 1921 in Kagans Neueste Schachnachrichten. It demonstrates how a king can make multiple threats and how it can take more than one path to a given location, using the same number of moves. It is arguably the most famous endgame study and is covered in many books on the endgame (see chess endgame literature). The procedure is known as the "Réti Maneuver" or "Réti's Idea" (Müller & Pajeken 2008:32–33), (Nunn 2007:118–19), (Dvoretsky 2006:26). Endgame composer Abram Gurvich called the theme "The Hunt of Two Hares" and it appears in many other studies and games (Müller & Lamprecht 2007:39). It is also called "chasing two birds at once" (Dvoretsky 2006:26).

The study

Richard Réti, 1921

	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h
8									8
7									7
6									6
5									5
4									4
3									3
2									2
1									1
	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h

White to play and draw

White is to move and draw in this position. At first inspection, it appears that White has no hope in drawing. His king is well outside the "square" of the black pawn (see king and pawn versus king endgame) and the king is a long way from supporting his own pawn. However, White can draw by making king moves that have two purposes. One goal is getting in the square of the black pawn, so it can be intercepted and the other is getting to the d6 square to support the promotion of his pawn.

The black king will have to spend two tempi to stop the white pawn from promoting, and this is the number of tempi the white king needs to gain in order to get into the square of the black pawn.

de la Villa, page 179

	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h
8									8
7									7
6									6
5									5
4									4
3									3
2									2
1									1
	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h

Number of ways for the white king to get to squares in the minimum number of moves

The second diagram shows the number of ways that the white king can get to various squares in the minimum number of moves. There are nine ways to get to d6, but only one of them allows him to get into the square of the black pawn.

The solution is for the white king to follow the path on the diagonal marked by "1" and then follow the dots to intercept the black pawn (if necessary):

1. Kg7! h4

2. Kf6 Kb6 Black has to spend a tempo on preventing the white king from reaching his pawn. If 2... h3 then 3. Ke7 h2 4. c7 Kb7 5. Kd7 and both pawns promote, with a drawn position.

3. Ke5! Kxc6 Black has to spend another tempo to capture the pawn, to prevent the white king from protecting it. If 3... h3 then 4. Kd6 h2 5. c7 h1=Q 6. c8=Q, draw (Müller & Pajaken 2008:12–13). Now the white king has gained enough tempi to get in the square of the black pawn and intercept it:

4. Kf4, draw since the white king can stop the pawn from promoting (e.g. 4... h3 5. Kg3 h2 6. Kxh2) (de la Villa 2008:179–80).

Another study with the same idea

Richard Réti, 1928

	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h
8									8
7									7
6									6
5									5
4									4
3									3
2									2
1									1
	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h

White to move and draw

Réti used the same idea in another study. The solution is:

1. Kg6 Kb6

2. Kxg7 f5

3. Kf6! f4

4. Ke5 f3

5. Kd6 f2

6. c7 f1Q

7. c8Q Qf4+

8. Kd5 ½-½ (Fishbein 1993:18–19)

Examples from games

Yates versus Marshall

Yates vs. Marshall, 1929

	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h
8									8
7									7
6									6
5									5
4									4
3									3
2									2
1									1
	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h

Black to move

In this game^[1] between Frederick Yates and Frank Marshall, Black draws using the same idea:

60... Kb2! (if 60... Kc2? 61. f4 wins)

61. Kxa4 (if 61. f4?? then 61... a3 wins)

61... Kc3!

62. f4 Kd4 ½-½ (Fishbein 1993:18–19), (Dvoretsky 2006:26–27)

Lasker versus Tarrasch

Lasker vs. Tarrasch, 1914

	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h
8									8
7									7
6									6
5									5
4									4
3									3
2									2
1									1
	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h

White to move

In this 1914 game^[2] between World Champion Emanuel Lasker and Siegbert Tarrasch, Black exchanged down into this position because he thought it was a win, but White used the maneuver above to draw the game.

40. h4 Kg4

41. Kg6! Threatening 42. h5 (Giddins 2007:8). Black had only considered the line: 41. Kf6? c4 42. bxc4 bxc4 43. Ke5 c3 44. bxc3 a4 45. Kd4 a3, winning (Kasparov 2003:209).

41... Kxh4 This move is forced and the white king gains a tempo to return on a different diagonal which is not obstructed by his pawns (Giddins 2007:8).

42. Kf5 Kg3

43. Ke4 Kf2

44. Kd5 Ke3

45. Kxc5 Kd3

46. Kxb5 Kc2

47. Kxa5 Kxb3 ½-½

The theme of this endgame was used later by Réti in the study (Kasparov 2003:210).

Notes

References

de la Villa, Jesús (2008), 100 Endgames You Must Know, New in Chess, ISBN 978-90-5691-244-4
Dvoretsky, Mark (2006), Dvoretsky's Endgame Manual (2nd ed.), Russell Enterprises, ISBN 1-888690-28-3
Fishbein, Alexander (1993), King and Pawn Endings, American Chess Promotions, ISBN 0-939298-39-2
Giddins, Steve (2007), 101 Chess Endgame Tips: Golden nuggets of endgame wisdom, Gambit Publications, ISBN 978-1-904600-66-4
Kasparov, Garry (2003), My Great Predecessors, part I, Everyman Chess, ISBN 1-85744-330-6
Müller, Karsten; Lamprecht, Frank (2007), Secrets of Pawn Endings, Gambit Publications, ISBN 978-1-904600-88-6
Müller, Karsten; Pajeken, Wolfgang (2008), How to Play Chess Endings, Gambit Publications, ISBN 978-1-904600-86-2
Nunn, John (2007), Secrets of Practical Chess (2nd ed.), Gambit Publications, ISBN 978-1-904600-70-1