Color-blind casting
Non-traditional casting, or integrated casting is the practice of casting a role without considering the actor's ethnicity. It derives its name from the medical condition of color blindness. A representative of Actors' Equity has disputed the use of the term "color blind", preferring the definition "non-traditional casting." Non-traditional casting "is defined as the casting of ethnic minority and female actors in roles where race, ethnicity, or sex is not germane."[1]
The inverted situation, the replacement of minority characters with Caucasian ones, or the use of Caucasian actors (sometimes in blackface or yellowface) to portray minority roles, is referred to as whitewashing.
Historical examples
Production | Year | Description |
---|---|---|
The Plot to Overthrow Christmas | 1944 | In a radio play, the Roman emperor Nero was voiced by Eric Burroughs. |
Dr.Zhivago | 1965 | The eponymous Dr. Yuri Zhivago was played by Egyptian actor Omar Sharif. |
Batman | 1967 | Eartha Kitt was cast as Catwoman on several episodes. |
Jesus Christ Superstar | 1973 | African-American actor Carl Anderson was cast in the lead role of Judas Iscariot, successive to Ben Vereen playing the role in the original 1971 Broadway production. |
I, Claudius | 1976 | Darien Angadi and Sam Dastor played key roles with Renu Setna and Roy Stewart in smaller speaking roles. |
Never Say Never Again | 1983 | Actor Bernie Casey was cast in the role of Felix Leiter. Most other depictions of Leiter, a recurring character in the James Bond franchise, have been white, although Jeffrey Wright played the role in Casino Royale in 2006. |
The Mahabharata | 1989 | Men from distinctly different ethnic groups were cast to play Indian brothers in the epic story of the nation's mythical founding. |
Batman | 1989 | Billy Dee Williams was cast as Harvey Dent in the 1989 film. The character reverted to a Caucasian depictions in subsequent films by actors Tommy Lee Jones. |
After the Fall | 1990 | Josette Simon played Maggie at the London National Theatre in 1990. The role is widely supposed to have been based on Arthur Miller's former wife Marilyn Monroe.[2] Simon's performance gained the Evening Standard's Best Actress award.[3] |
Cinderella | 1997 | A TV movie of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella contained a racially diverse cast, with Brandy Norwood as Cinderella, Bernadette Peters as her stepmother (with Veanne Cox and Natalie Desselle as Cinderella's stepsisters), Victor Garber as King Maximillian, Whoopi Goldberg as Queen Constantina, Whitney Houston as the fairy godmother, and Paolo Montalban as their son, Prince Christopher. |
This England: The Histories | 2000 | David Oyelowo played of Henry VI of England. Oyelowo was the first black actor to play an English king in a major production of Shakespeare[4][5][6] and his performance won the Ian Charleson Award.[7] |
Smallville | 2001 | The TV series cast African-American actor Sam Jones III as Clark Kent's childhood friend Pete Ross, who, in the comic books, was Caucasian; Kristin Kreuk, of Dutch and Chinese descent, cast for the originally red-headed character Lana Lang; and Allison Mack, whose character Chloe Sullivan was intended to have a non-Cauasian ethnic background. |
Daredevil | 2003 | African-American actor Michael Clarke Duncan played Wilson Fisk (aka Kingpin) who has always been portrayed in the Spider-Man comics as a Caucasian. |
Catwoman | 2004 | Halle Berry portrayed the character in the 2004 film. |
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy | 2005 | Mos Def was cast as Ford Prefect, a move that puzzled many readers of the original book. Although Ford's ethnicity was not explicitly stated in the books, he was described as having ginger hair and the majority of readers assumed for various reasons that he would probably be white. |
Batman Begins | 2005 | Colin McFarlane was cast as Gillian B. Loeb in Batman Begins and its sequel, The Dark Knight. |
Grey's Anatomy | 2005 | During the creation of the show, none of the characters was assigned a race and the best actors were chosen, leading to a racially diverse cast.[8] |
Casino Royale | 2006 | Jeffrey Wright was cast as Felix Leiter in Casino Royale and its 2008 sequel, Quantum of Solace. |
Robin Hood | 2006 | Kwame Kwei-Armah was cast as De Fourtnoy (Master-at-Arms) in "Who Shot the Sheriff?", the third episode.[9] |
Merlin | 2008 | Several actors of color play roles traditionally described in the Arthurian legends as white, most notably Guinevere and Elyan the White. |
Max Payne | 2008 | Ludacris plays the role of Jim Bravura, who is portrayed as Caucasian in the video game. |
King Lear | 2010 | Black British actor Pippa Bennett-Warner played Cordelia in the 2010 Donmar Warehouse production of King Lear starring Derek Jacobi in the title role.[10] Her performance earned her an Ian Charleson Award nomination. |
Thor | 2011 | The role of Heimdall, based on the Marvel Comics character commonly depicted as Caucasian, was played by Afro-Briton actor Idris Elba. |
Skyfall | 2012 | The role of Miss Moneypenny, which had previously been cast as Caucasian, went to Naomie Harris.[11] |
Man of Steel | 2013 | The role of Perry White, always previously portrayed as Caucasian, is played by African-American actor Laurence Fishburne. Fishburne also co-starred in the 2013-2015 NBC series Hannibal as FBI agent Jack Crawford, who was previously portrayed by various Caucasian actors for his appearances in the films. |
Fantastic 4 | 2015 | Black Michael B. Jordan played The Human Torch despite being traditionally portrayed as white. |
The Non-Traditional Casting Project
The Non-Traditional Casting Project was founded in 1986 to examine problems of racial discrimination in theatre, film and television.[12] Actors Equity is a co-founder.[13]
See also
References
- ↑ Eisenberg, Alan (1988-10-23). "NONTRADITIONAL CASTING; When Race and Sex Don't Matter". New York Times.
- ↑ Louise Jury, "Colour-blind casting finds new stars for Billy Elliott", The Independent.
- ↑ Evening Standard Theatre Awards, 1990
- ↑ Fiachra Gibbons, "RSC casts black actor as English king for first time", The Guardian, 19 September 2000.
- ↑ Hugh Quarshie, "Black kings are old hat", The Guardian, 20 September 2000.
- ↑ Kate Kellaway, "My kingdom for a part", The Observer, 8 July 2001.
- ↑ The latest British Theatre news for 04/01/01
- ↑ Matthew Fogel, "'Grey's Anatomy' Goes Colorblind", New York Times, 8 May 2005.
- ↑ "Robin Hood (2006) - 1x03 - Who Shot the Sheriff?" Episode World.
- ↑ Tim Walker, "Black actors are 'forced to leave Britain for America'", The Telegraph, 17 June 2011.
- ↑ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/film/james-bond-spectre/naomie-harris-black-moneypenny/
- ↑ Jensen, Sharon. "The Non-Traditional Casting Project". National Endowment for the Arts. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
- ↑ "Actors' Equity Association Benefits: EEO & Diversity". Actors' Equity. Retrieved 2009-07-01.
Further reading
- "Berry is top candidate to play white Democrat", The Guardian, 10 October 2006.
- A. N. Wilson, "I'm ready for a black Miss Marple", The Telegraph, 21 April 2002.