Timoric languages

Timoric
Timor–Babar
Geographic distribution:	Indonesia
Linguistic classification:	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian (MP) Nuclear MP (Central–Eastern) Timoric
Subdivisions:	(disputed)
Glottolog:	None timo1260  (Ramelaic)[1] timo1259  (Fabronic/Extra-Ramelaic)[2]

The Timoric, or sometimes Timor–Babar, languages are a group of fifty Austronesian languages (geographically Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages) spoken on the islands of Timor, neighboring Wetar, and (depending on the classification) the Babar Islands to the east.

Within the group, the languages with the most speakers are Uab Meto of West Timor and Tetum of East Timor, each with about half a million speakers, though in addition Tetum is an official language and a lingua franca among non-Tetum East Timorese.

Languages

Unclassified Nauete is not close to other Timorese languages. Habu is structurally similar to Waima'a.

The Babar languages form their own group:

• Babar languages (see)

Hull (1998)

Geoffrey Hull (1998) proposes a Timoric group as follows:

• Ramelaic (near the Ramelau range)
  • West: Kemak, Tukudede
  • Central: Mambai
  • East (Idalaka): Idaté, Isní, Lakalei, Lolein
• Extra-Ramelaic (Fabronic; whatever is not Ramelaic)
  • West: Dawan (Uab Meto)–Amarasi, Helong, Roti (Bilba, Dengka, Lole, Ringgou, Dela-Oenale, Termanu, Tii)
  • Central: Tetun, Bekais
  • North: Wetar, Galoli
  • East: Kairui, Waimaha, Midiki; Luang, Makuva

Van Engelenhoven

Van Engelenhoven sets up a South–East Timor branch including Tetun, Waimaha, and Luangic–Kisaric; the latter is as follows:^[3]

• South–East Timor
  • Tetun
  • Waimaha
  • Luangic–Kisaric
    • Kisar–Roma: Kisar, Romang
    • Luangic: Luang, Wetan, Leti

Taber (1993)

Languages of Timor Island

Taber (1993:396) gives a Southwest Maluku and Babar group as follows, along with West Damar as an isolate.

• Southwest Maluku group
  • East Damar
  • Wetar subgroup
    • Talur
    • Wetar cluster
      • Aputai
      • Perai
      • Tugun
      • Iliun
  • Kisar-Roma subgroup
    • Kisar
    • Roma
  • Luang
    • Leti
    • Luang
    • Wetan
  • TNS (Teun-Nila-Serua) subgroup
    • Teun
    • Nila-Serua cluster: Nila, Serua
• Babar group
  • North Babar subgroup
    • North Babar
    • Dai
    • Dawera-Daweloor
  • South Babar subgroup
    • Southwest Babar cluster
      • Emplawas
      • Tela-Masbuar
      • Imroing
    • Masela – Southeast Babar cluster
      • Southeast Babar
      • Serili
      • East Masela
      • Central Masela
• West Damar (isolate)

References

1. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Ramelaic". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
2. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Fabronic/Extra-Ramelaic". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
3. Adelaar 2005:26

• Hull, Geoffrey. 1998. "The basic lexical affinities of Timor's Austronesian languages: a preliminary investigation." Studies in Languages and Cultures of East Timor 1:97-202.
• Taber, Mark (1993). "Toward a Better Understanding of the Indigenous Languages of Southwestern Maluku." Oceanic Linguistics, Vol. 32, No. 2 (Winter, 1993), pp. 389–441. University of Hawai'i.

External links

• The Languages of East Timor: Some Basic Facts (Revised 24.8.2004) Geoffrey Hull