Ramzan Kadyrov

Ramzan Kadyrov
Рамзан Кадыров
Head of the Chechen Republic
Assumed office
15 February 2007
Acting: 25 March 2016 – Present
Preceded by Alu Alkhanov
Personal details
Born Ramzan Akhmadovich Kadyrov
(1976-10-05) 5 October 1976
Tsentaroy, Chechen-Ingush ASSR, RSFSR, Soviet Union
Political party United Russia
Spouse(s) Medni Musaevna Kadyrova
Children Aishat
Karina
Hedy
Tabarik
Ashura
Ahmad
Zelimkhan
Adam
Religion Sunni Islam[1] Qadiriyya Sufi[2]
Awards


Other awards
Signature
Military service
Allegiance Russia
Service/branch Russian Armed Forces
Rank Major General

Ramzan Akhmadovich Kadyrov (Russian: Рамза́н Ахма́дович Кады́ров; IPA: [rɐˈmzan ɐxˈmadəvʲɪtɕ kɐˈdɨrəf], Chechen: Къадар АхIмат-кIант Ръамазан; born 5 October 1976) is the Head of the Chechen Republic and a former Chechen rebel.

He is the son of former Chechen President Akhmad Kadyrov, who was assassinated in May 2004. In February 2007, Kadyrov replaced Alu Alkhanov as President, shortly after he had turned 30, which is the minimum age for the post. He was engaged in violent power struggles; with Chechen government warlords Sulim Yamadayev and Said-Magomed Kakiev for overall military authority, and with Alu Alkhanov for political authority.

He has come under heavy criticism from the international press and Russia, due to alleged human rights violations, corruption, theft of public funds and protection of criminals of Chechen origin.[3]

Ramzan Kadyrov is an honorary member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences (Российская Академия Естественных Наук, not to be confused with the Russian Academy of Sciences).[4] He founded the Akhmat Fight Club and in honor of his adopted annual freestyle wrestling international tournament Ramzan Kadyrov & Adlan Varayev Cup. Since November 2015 he is a member of the Advisory Commission of the State Council of the Russian Federation[5][6]

Early life

He was born in Tsentaroy, RSFSR, USSR. He was the second son in Akhmat and Aimani Kadyrovs' family and their youngest child. He had an elder brother called Zelimkhan (1974—31 May 2004) and he has two elder sisters Zargan (born 1971) and Zulay (born 1972). A reckless and impetuous person at school, Kadyrov strove to gain the respect of his father Akhmad Kadyrov, a Muslim imam. He claims that he always emulated his father. He enjoys boxing and once met with former heavyweight boxing champion Mike Tyson.[7] In the early 1990s, as the Soviet Union splintered into fragments, the Chechens launched a bid for independence. During the First Chechen War, together with his father, he fought against Russian armed forces.[8] After the war, Ramzan was the personal driver and bodyguard of his father Akhmad, who became the separatist mufti of Chechnya.[9]

Militia leader

Main article: Kadyrovtsy

The Kadyrovtsy were formed during the First Chechen War when Akhmad Kadyrov launched the jihad against Russia. The Kadyrov clan defected to the Moscow side at the beginning of the Second Chechen War in 1999. Since then, Kadyrov led his militia with support from Russia's FSB state security service (including service ID cards) becoming the head of the Chechen Presidential Security Service. The militia later became known as the Kadyrovites.

He was falsely rumoured to have died of a gunshot wound inflicted by his bodyguard on 28 April 2004.[10]

Deputy Prime Minister

From left to right: President Alu Alkhanov, Russian President Vladimir Putin, and Kadyrov at the first session of the Chechen Parliament in December 2005.

After his father, then President, was assassinated on 9 May 2004, Ramzan was appointed Deputy Prime Minister of the Chechen Republic.

When his sister was detained by the Dagestan police in January 2005, Ramzan and some 150 armed men drove to the Khasavyurt City Police (GOVD) building. According to the city mayor, Kadyrov's men surrounded the GOVD, forcing its duty officers against a wall, and assaulted them, after which they left the building with Zulai Kadyrova, "victoriously shooting in the air."[11]

In August 2005, Ramzan declared that "Europe's largest mosque" would be built in place of the demolished ruins of Grozny's shattered downtown.[12] He also claimed that Chechnya is the "most peaceful place in Russia" and in a few years it would also be "the wealthiest and the most peaceful" place in the world. He said that the war was already over with only 150 "bandits" remaining (as opposed to the official figures of 700 to 2,000 rebel fighters), and that thanks to his father, 7,000 separatists had already defected to the Russian side since 1999. When responding to a question on how he is going to "avenge the murder of his father", Ramzan said:

I've already killed him, whom I ought to kill. And those, who stay behind him, I will be killing them, to the very last of them, until I am myself killed or jailed. I will be killing [them] for as long as I live... Putin is gorgeous. He thinks more about Chechnya than about any other republic [of the Russian Federation]. When my father was murdered, he [Putin] came and went to the cemetery in person. Putin has stopped the war. Putin should be made president for life. Strong rule is needed. Democracy is all but an American fabrication... Russians never obey their laws. Everyone was stealing, and only Khodorkovsky is in jail.[13][14][15]

Acting Prime Minister

Following a car accident in December 2005, in which Chechnya's prime minister Sergey Abramov was injured, Ramzan functioned as the caretaker prime minister. He immediately proceeded to implement elements of Sharia law, such as declaring a ban on gambling and alcohol production.[16]

In February 2006, responding to the publication of the Mohammed cartoons, he accused the Danes of "spying" and being "pro-terrorist". He also banned Danish citizens from entering Chechnya, effectively banning activity of the Danish Refugee Council, the largest NGO working in the region. Kadyrov is quoted as saying, "That cartoonist needs to be buried alive." He was eventually pressed to overturn this decision by Moscow, a rare example of federal intervention in Kadyrov's rule in the republic.[17]

Prime Minister

On 1 March 2006, Sergey Abramov resigned from the position of prime minister and told Itar-Tass news agency that he did so "on the condition that Ramzan Kadyrov lead the Chechen government." This was followed by a decree of Kadyrov forcing women to wear headscarves; he also rejected a federal appropriation of the republic's budget, demanding more money, and called for all federal forces but the border guards to be withdrawn.

Shortly after taking office, Kadyrov approved a project to erect a presidential palace on a 30-acre (120,000 m2) plot by the Sunzha River in ruined downtown Grozny. The project, which will also include a five-star hotel and recreational facilities, is estimated to cost around 1.5 billion rubles ($54 million USD) to build. Later, Kadyrov called for refugee camps scattered across Chechnya to be closed down, calling the refugees "international spies who are interested in stoking conflict between Chechnya and Russia, who are seeking to destabilise the situation in our region". Reuters quoted him as saying that "liquidating the refugee camps will allow us to uncover spies who are working for foreign intelligence services".[18]

On 5 June 2006, Speaker of the Chechen People's Assembly Dukvakha Abdurakhmanov said at a press conference in Moscow that "there is no alternative" to Kadyrov for the presidency; Kadyrov has "exclusive awards in combat, and has made achievements in improving the peaceful life and in human rights protection. Who could replace him at this stage? Nobody," he said. Later that year, Umar Dzhabrailov, Chechnya’s representative in the Federation Council and a close ally of Kadyrov's, urged Dukvakha Abdurakhmanov to initiate a measure calling on Kadyrov to become the republic’s president, thereby replacing Alu Alkhanov.[19] The following week, several Russian newspapers reported that a worsening security situation in Chechnya was lessening the likelihood that Kadyrov would replace Alu Alkhanov as the republic's president. Other media, however, reported that Kadyrov continued to strengthen his position at Alkhanov's expense.[20]

On 6 December 2006, Kadyrov said he that he would seek the prosecution of the commanders of federal military units responsible for the death or disappearance of civilians in Chechnya (specifically Major General Aleksandr Studenikin). In addition, Kadyrov said the war in Chechnya was unleashed not by the Chechen people but by the Russian leadership. Kadyrov's comments may have represented his government’s increasing unhappiness with certain figures in Moscow, who were said to be blocking his elevation to the post of Chechen president.[21] In 2006, leaked cables from an American diplomat recounted a lavish wedding attended by Kadyrov in Russia's Caucasus region in which guests threw $100 bills at child dancers, and which had nighttime "water-scooter jaunts on the Caspian Sea", and a report that Ramzan Kadyrov gave the newly married couple a "five-kilo lump of gold".[22]

On 5 February 2007, Kadyrov said he did not aspire to become the Chechen president; however, he criticised Alkhanov. Kadyrov also claimed the war in Chechnya was ultimately finished, with "all informal armed groups eliminated". Alkhanov, for his part, criticised "the cult of personality and idealisation of one person," a clear reference to Kadyrov, whose enormous portraits are prominently displayed in Grozny.

Presidency

Kadyrov (right) with Russian President Vladimir Putin.

On 15 February 2007, Putin signed a decree removing Alkhanov and installing Kadyrov as Chechen's acting president.[23] On 2 March 2007, following Putin's nomination of Kadyrov as Chechen president, the Chechen parliament approved the nomination.[24] In the following days, serious changes took place in the administrative setup of the republic, affecting both the top- and middle-ranking officials. Former deputy prime minister Odes Baysultanov (a cousin of Kadyrov's) was elevated to the vacant post of prime minister. Critics allege that Ramzan Kadyrov is actively building his own "vertical of power" in the republic, and encouraging nepotism by placing men of the Beno clan in all the leading and important positions.

A Russian daily, Gazeta, reported that according to a poll conducted by the independent Levada Center, only 33 percent of Russians believe that Ramzan Kadyrov can be trusted, while 35 percent believed that he cannot. Asked whether they thought Kadyrov could normalise the situation in Chechnya and end the bloodshed there, 31 percent said yes and 38 percent said no.[25]

On 14 March 2007, Kadyrov said that human rights abuses were "a thing of the past" in his republic, rejecting new charges of torture made by the Council of Europe. Two days later he accused the federal authorities of torturing detainees. On 19 March 2007, Kadyrov vowed to put an end to all remaining guerilla activity in Chechnya within two months. On 5 April 2007, Kadyrov was sworn in as President of Chechnya.[26]

After the car-bomb attack on Yunus-bek Yevkurov, president of the neighbouring Republic of Ingushetia on 22 June 2009, Kadyrov claimed that the Kremlin had ordered him to fight insurgents there, and during his subsequent visit to the republic on 24 June pledged ruthless vengeance.[27]

In late December 2009, Kadyrov claimed that remaining rebels were getting financed by "The West"; "I officially declare this: those who destroyed the Soviet Union, those who want to destroy the Russian Federation, they stand behind them". He also suggested that Russia should attack Georgia and Ukraine "It's Russia's private affliction; why should we always suffer if we can eradicate this for good?".[28]

Attempts at consolidation of the Chechen nation

As reported by the Caucasian Knot, an independent human rights resource, on 5 February 2009, "in the course of his meeting in Grozny with Ramzan Ampukaev, representative of the Chechen Diaspora in Europe, Ramzan Kadyrov invited former militants, now living in Europe, to come back home":

"Now, the situation in the republic has stabilised, we witness a steady economic growth, and there's no sense for people to leave. And those who are already abroad, can always come back. We'll help them in every possible way," said Mr. Kadyrov. "All sorts of Emirs and former participants of illegal armed formations, who are now in Europe and whose actions were not aggravated by bloody crimes, have two alternatives: either to come back and serve for the welfare of their homeland, or stay there till the end of their days."[29]

Chechen economic recovery and reconstruction

On 4 March 2006, Dukhvakha Abdurakhmanov, chair of the Chechen People's Assembly, stated that Kadyrov "has proven his capability to govern the economy, not only the power structures."[30] The Chair of the Assembly also said that in a few months the republic had fulfilled more objectives than the republic's federal economic enterprise had undertaken to fulfill in the initial five years of reconstruction in Chechnya.[30] Abdurakhmanov noted that Kadyrov's management had already successfully completed the reconstruction of two large Grozny avenues, had repaired the local roads, was intensively conducting reconstruction work, building new mosques, sports centers, and hospitals.[30]

In 2006, the production of Chechnya's industry increased by 11.9%.[31] In 2007, the rate of growth was 26.4%.[31]

In February 2010, head of the British delegation of the Human Rights Group Lord Judd, formerly "bitterly critical of the Russian authorities for the situation in Chechnya", pointed out a striking change for the better in the Russian North Caucasus republic.[32] Judd said that changes which occurred since his visit as a member of PACE delegation in 2000 were "so overwhelming that sometimes you forget about what happened here until quite recently".

According to a 2016 report Kadyrov collected enormous wealth, primarily through theft of federal subsidies for Chechnya. Between 2001 and 2014 Chechnya has received over 464 billion roubel in subsidies, grants and donations with federal subsidies accounting for 80% of the republic's budget (and this does not include funds allocated for infrastructure managed at federal level such as roads). However, the administration of Chechnya is being criticized for spending public funds for their personal benefit — in 2010 Dmitry Medvedev noted that "federal funds often do not reach people; we know where they disappear; it is obvious-they are being stolen". For example, fleet of official vehicles in Chechnya accounts for half of all official vehicles in all Northern Caucasus republics. Public funds are being funnelled through Akhmad Kadyrov Foundation, which — while being registered as a charity — has never produced or published any financial reports as required by Russian law. These violations are ignored by Russian Ministry of Justice, which in many cases has enforced them very strictly against other charities. The foundation operates a building company that services most of the publicly procured infrastructure projects in the republic and also collects a fee from all working citizens of Chechnya, ranging from 10 to 30% of their earnings, raising 3-4 billion roubles per year this way. Kadyrov himself declares annual income of 4.84 million roubles (2015), which is inconsistent with his lavish life-style, luxury vehicles, watches, race horses and mansions.[3]

2009 assassination attempt

An assassination attempt on Kadyrov and a parliament member Adam Delimkhanov was averted on 23 October 2009, by the police. Chechen Deputy interior minister Roman Edilov said the police shot dead the driver of a speeding car filled with a 200-litre tanker after firing warning shots shortly before Kadyrov was to arrive at a construction site. The driver of the car was later identified as a militant leader (so-called Urus-Martan emir Beslan Bashtayev).[33][34] Said-Emi Khizriev, who played a role in organising the attack, was killed by Russian police who tried to arrest him in the Michurin village in Grozny.[35] Khazriev planned and took part in explosions at two gas stations in Gudermes in the spring of the previous year, as well as in an armed attack at a sport club in the city.

Accusations of human rights abuses

Kadyrov has been personally implicated in several instances of torture and murder. A number of Chechens opposed to Kadyrov have been assassinated abroad, and several witnesses (including Artur Kurmakaev and Ruslan Khalidov) report the existence of a 300-name "Murder List".[36] Chechens who have been murdered, where Kadyrov's involvement is suspected, include Movladi Baisarov and Ruslan Yamadaev (both Moscow);[36] Sulim Yamadaev (Dubai);[36] Gazhi Edilsutanov, Islam Dzahnibekov, Ali Osaev (Istanbul);[36] and Umar Israilov (Vienna).[36]

Kadyrov claims (in December 2009) that he had personally helped many of the murder victims and their families and was not their enemy. "I don't want to kill, who did I fight? I fought terrorists. Who did I protect? I protected the whole of Russia so that people in Moscow or St. Petersburg...could live in peace. They accuse me of killing women and children. It's not true."[28]

On 31 January 2016, Kadyrov posted a video of Russian opposition politicians Mikhail Kasyanov and Vladimir Vladimirovich Kara-Murza in the crosshairs of a gun on his Instagram blog.[59][60] In a few days after multiple complaints Instagram removed the video prompting Kadyrov to criticize the decision: "This is the much-boasted freedom of speech in America! You can write anything but cannot touch those American dogs, those friends of the Congress and the State Department" [61]

Other issues

Sauna video

On 12 March 2006, a Chechen separatist website posted a short video shot on a mobile phone of a party in a sauna involving two alleged prostitutes and several men, including one who looked and sounded like Ramzan Kadyrov, seen dancing with a young, half-naked woman and trying to rip her bra off. Another man then starts masturbating in front of them.[62] Andrew Osborn, Moscow reporter for the Independent, reported that "Mr Kadyrov's aides have laughed off the grainy video ... as a 'provocation'".[62][63]

Call to quarantine proceeds of horse race

On 3 November 2009, a horse owned by Ramzan Kadyrov, Mourilyan, came third in the Melbourne Cup winning about US$380,000 in prize money. The leader of the Australian Greens, Senator Bob Brown, immediately called for the Government of Australia to quarantine the prize money until assurances are received as to how the money will be used. Concerns had been previously raised that the Melbourne Cup could be used to launder money by overseas individuals.[64]

Honor killings

In 2009, Kadyrov stated his approval of honor killings, based on the belief that women are the property of their husbands.[65]

Wikileaks

On 28 November 2010, a classified Wikileaks cable named Kadyrov as a "starring guest" at some of Dagestan's most elaborate weddings, which indicates the political "Caucasus power structure" in these weddings.[66] In 2006, leaked cables from an American diplomat recounted a lavish wedding attended by Kadyrov in Russia's Caucasus region in which guests threw $100 bills at child dancers, and which had nighttime "water-scooter jaunts on the Caspian Sea", and a report that Ramzan Kadyrov gave the newly married couple a "five-kilo lump of gold".[22]

Charlie Hebdo cartoons

In January 2015, Kadyrov said he would organize protests if a Russian newspaper published the Charlie Hebdo cartoons, saying "we will not allow anyone to insult the prophet, even if it will cost us our lives."[67]

Polygamy

Kadyrov firmly supports polygamy in Muslim-majority republics in Russia. According to him it would be more honest than having lots of mistresses, it would resolve Russia's demographic problem, and if someone speaks against polygamy then he is not a Muslim.[68]

Personal life

In 1996 Kadyrov married Medni Musaevna Kadyrova (born 7 September 1978) and they have nine children: six daughters—Aishat (born 31 December 1998), Karina (born 17 January 2000), Hedy (born 21 September 2002), Tabarik (born 13 July 2004), Ashura (born January 2012) and Eishat (born 13 January 2015)—and three sons—Ahmad (born 8 November 2005, named in honor of his grandfather Akhmad Kadyrov), Zelimkhan (born 14 December 2006), and Adam (born 24 November 2007). Besides them, Ramzan and Medni have two adopted sons in 2007. In 2006 and 2007 Ramzan's mother Aimani Kadyrova adopted two teenage boys because Kadyrov could not adopt them because of a small age difference between him and the boys.

Kadyrov is a noted collector of sports cars. He owns a Lamborghini Reventón, one of only 20 made.[69][70] He is also known for his extensive collection of Chechen daggers.[71][72] On 5 October 2011, he celebrated his 35th birthday in a lavish fashion in the presence of several Hollywood stars, including actor Jean-Claude Van Damme and actress Hilary Swank as well as British violinist Vanessa-Mae, singer Seal and many others.[73] When asked where the money for the live-televised celebration were coming from, he reportedly laughed and said "Allah gives it to us", before adding: "I don't know, it comes from somewhere".[74]

Honours and awards

Russian Federation:

Chechen Republic

Foreign

Public and agency:

Other:

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Holier Than Thou: Ramzan Kadyrov And 'Traditional Chechen Islam'". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. October 2009.
  2. ↑ Foreign Affairs: "Sponsoring Sufism - And Its Problems as a Counterterrorism Strategy" By Fait Muedini November 3, 2015
  3. 1 2 Yashin, Ilya. "A Threat to National Security". Retrieved 2016-03-01.
  4. ↑ Люпхъ Лярхякюбяйюъ (19 January 2006). "Йюбйюг: Юйюделхй, Гюыхрмхй Х Опнярн Бнкьеамхй". Lenta. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
  5. ↑ Рамзан Кадыров включен в состав консультативной комиссии Госсовета РФ - ИА REGNUM
  6. ↑ Ramzan Kadyrov becomes new member of Advisory Commission of RF State Council | Vestnik Kavkaza
  7. ↑ bbc.co.uk/czech Bývalý šampion Mike Tyson v Čečensku zahájil turnaj v boxu
  8. ↑ Lenta.ru: Кадыров, Рамзан
  9. ↑ Рамзан Кадыров. Биография | РИА Новости
  10. ↑ Discrepant reports about Kadyrov, Jr. – Kavkazcenter.com Archived 3 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
  11. ↑ The Jamestown Foundation
  12. ↑ "Biggest mosque for Grozny". The Guardian (London). 4 August 2005. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
  13. ↑ Грани.Ру // Чечня: Кадыров официально вступил в должность президента Чечни
  14. ↑ Original Russian text: Того, кого я должен был убить, я уже убил. А тех, кто за ним стоит, буду всех убивать до последнего, пока меня самого не убьют или не посадят. Я буду убивать, пока жив... Путин — красавчик. Он о Чечне думает больше, чем о любой другой республике. Когда отца убили, он лично приезжал, на кладбище ходил. Путин войну остановил. Путина надо пожизненно президентом назначить. Власть твердая нужна. Демократия — это американские выдумки... Русские никогда своих законов не соблюдают. Воровали все, а сидит один Ходорковский.
  15. ↑ Ramzan Kadyrov explained to journal GQ what is the military style, he said that he will continue killings and that Putin is beauty by news.ru
  16. 1 2 The Jamestown Foundation
  17. ↑ Archived 21 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
  18. ↑ The Jamestown Foundation
  19. ↑ The Jamestown Foundation
  20. ↑ The Jamestown Foundation
  21. ↑ The Jamestown Foundation
  22. 1 2 Scott Shane and Andrew W. Lehren (28 November 2010). "Leaked Cables Offer Raw Look at U.S. Diplomacy". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 December 2010. In a 2006 account, a wide-eyed American diplomat describes the lavish wedding of a well-connected couple in Dagestan, in Russia’s Caucasus, where one guest is the strongman who runs the war-ravaged Russian republic of Chechnya, Ramzan Kadyrov. The diplomat tells of drunken guests throwing $100 bills at child dancers, and nighttime water-scooter jaunts on the Caspian Sea. ... that Ramzan Kadyrov “had brought the happy couple ‘a five-kilo lump of gold’ as his wedding present.”
  23. ↑ "Putin Dismisses Chechen President, Puts Prime Minister in Charge". Fox News Channel. 15 February 2007.
  24. ↑ Chechen parliament votes for appointing Ramzan Kadyrov as president – Russian News – REGNUM Archived 3 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
  25. ↑ The Jamestown Foundation
  26. ↑ "Kadyrov sworn in as Chechnya's new Kremlin-backed president" Archived 25 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine., Associated Press (International Herald Tribune), 5 April 2007.
  27. ↑ "Russia's Kadyrov vows revenge for Ingushetia bombing". Reuters. 24 June 2009.
  28. 1 2 Chechen President Says the West Wants to Destroy Russia , The Telegraph, (21 December 2009)
  29. ↑ President of Chechnya calls former militants back home from Europe, 6 February 2009
  30. 1 2 3 "Чечня: Кадыров — кандидат на пост председателя правительства". ("Chechnya: Kadyrov a Candidate for Head of Government"). RIA Novosti. March 2006.(Russian)
  31. 1 2 "Темп роста валового регионального продукта к предыдущему году, процент". Archived 3 December 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Rosstat. Retrieved 5 September 2009.(Russian)
  32. ↑ "Lord Judd sees striking change for the better in Chechnya". RUVR.
  33. ↑ Chechnya says assassination attempt on Kadyrov averted. RIA Novosti. 23 October 2009.
  34. ↑ Attempted assailant of Chechen president identified, Interfax-Ukraine
  35. ↑ Russian police killed Chechen militant leader. RIA Novosti. 23 October 2009.
  36. 1 2 3 4 5 London Review of Books, 14 May 2009, The Murder List
  37. ↑ Eurasian Secret Services Daily Review
  38. ↑ briefing paper
  39. ↑ Mark Franchetti (15 October 2006). "Kidnap video may have doomed shot Russian reporter". The Sunday Times (London).
  40. ↑ Yuri Felshtinsky and Vladimir Pribylovsky) The Age of Assassins. The Rise and Rise of Vladimir Putin, Gibson Square Books, London, 2008, ISBN 1-906142-07-6; pp. 248–250
  41. ↑ Criminal case initiated on the facts disclosed by Politkovskaya
  42. ↑ Police tried to silence GfbV – Critical banner against Putin´s Chechnya policies wars Archived 12 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
  43. ↑ The Jamestown Foundation
  44. ↑ "Unofficial Places of Detention in the Chechen Republic" report". IHR-HR. Archived from the original on 16 September 2003.
  45. ↑ Rights Activists: Kadyrovtsy Are Chechnya's Main Problem
  46. ↑ Torture by units under the effective command of Chechen Prime Minister Ramzan Kadyrov
  47. ↑ Politkovskaya, Anna (2007) A Russian Diary: A Journalist's Final Account of Life, Corruption, and Death in Putin's Russia
  48. ↑ Politkovskaya, Anna (14 October 2006). "A condemned woman". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 22 May 2010.
  49. ↑ Decapitation as a Method of Intimidation
  50. ↑ "Warlord named Chechen president". The Scotsman (Edinburgh). 2 March 2007.
  51. ↑ Chivers, C. J.. Slain Exile Detailed Cruelty of the Ruler of Chechnya, The New York Times, 31 January 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2009.
  52. ↑ Nikolaus von Twickel. Austria Finds Strong Links to Kadyrov in Israilov's Murder. The Moscow Times, 30 April 2010.
  53. ↑ C. J. Chivers, Top Chechen Ordered Abduction, Austria Says, 27 April 2010.
  54. ↑ "Vow to catch Chechnya assassins". BBC News. 16 July 2009. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
  55. ↑ According to Orlov, "Я знаю, я уверен в том, кто виновен в убийстве Наташи Эстемировой. Мы все этого человека знаем. Зовут его Рамзан Кадыров, это президент Чеченской республики.
  56. ↑ "Она рассказывала, что Кадыров ей угрожал, говорил буквально: "Да, у меня руки по локоть в крови. И я не стыжусь этого. Я убивал и буду убивать плохих людей". grani.ru. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009.
  57. 1 2 Chechen leader sues rights group after activist murder Archived 20 April 2013 at the Wayback Machine., AFP, 18 July 2009. Retrieved 19 July 2009.
  58. ↑ Schwirtz, Michael. Chechen Leader Sues Over Accusations of Ordering Activist’s Death , The New York Times, 18 July 2009. Retrieved 20 July 2009.
  59. ↑ "Chechnya's Kadyrov puts Putin critic Kasyanov in gunsights". BBC News. 1 February 2016.
  60. ↑ Osborn, Andrew (1 February 2016). "Putin ally issues video of opposition leader in sniper's cross-hairs". Reuters.
  61. ↑ "Кадыров раскритиковал Instagram за удаления поста с Касьяновым под прицелом". Vedomosti. 2 February 2016.
  62. 1 2 Osborn, Andrew (3 April 2006). "Chechen PM in sauna sex scandal". The Independent (London). Retrieved 22 May 2010.
  63. ↑ Чеченский сайт обнародовал "пикантное" видео с человеком, похожим на Рамзана Кадырова NEWSru 15 March 2006
  64. ↑ "Quarantine prize money of Chechen horse: Greens". Sydney Morning Gerald. 3 November 2009.
  65. ↑ "Chechen President Kadyrov Defends Honor Killings". St. Petersburg Times. 3 March 2009. Archived from the original on 18 March 2010.
  66. ↑ cablegate.wikileaks.org 2006/08 Wikileaks
  67. ↑ Quinn, Allison (12 January 2015). "There's No Line Kadyrov Can't Cross, Analysts Say". The Moscow Times.
  68. ↑ "Polygamy is blessing, mistresses are evil - Chechen leader". Russia Beyond the Headlines. Interfax. 18 June 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
  69. ↑ Ramzan Kadyrov Cars|Paradoxoff Planet
  70. ↑ "Глава". Chechnya. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
  71. ↑ "Ramzan Kadyrov shown". The Guardian. 1 December 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
  72. ↑ "The Chechen President’s Guns, Supercars, and $3,000,000 Motorcade". Jalopnik. 3 December 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2012.
  73. ↑ Walker, Shawn (October 2011). "Hollywood stars help Chechnya leader to celebrate his birthday". The Independent.
  74. ↑ Osborn, Andrew (October 2011). "Chechen warlord enjoys a 'quiet' birthday". The Telegraph.
  75. ↑ "Путин наградил Кадырова орденом Почета". Lenta. 9 March 2015.

External links

Political offices
Preceded by
Alu Alkhanov		 President of the Chechen Republic
2007 – present 		Incumbent
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