Ravenscrag, Montreal

Ravenscrag

Ravenscrag from Pine Avenue, 1901
General information
Type Mansion
Architectural style Italian Renaissance
Location Golden Square Mile
Address 835-1025 Pine Avenue
Montreal, Quebec
Coordinates 45°30′21″N 73°34′56″W / 45.5059°N 73.5821°W / 45.5059; -73.5821
Construction started 1860
Completed 1863
Destroyed Interior, 1943
Client Sir Hugh Allan
Height Tower of 75 feet
Dimensions
Other dimensions Frontage of 300 feet
Technical details
Floor count 5 floors, 72 rooms
Floor area 4,968 m2
Design and construction
Architect John W. Hopkins & Victor Roy
Main contractor William Speirs

Ravenscrag was a mansion built between 1860 and 1863 in the Golden Square Mile of Montreal, Quebec, for Sir Hugh Allan. In 1940, his son, Sir Montague Allan, donated the property to the Royal Victoria Hospital for use as a medical facility, when its famously sumptuous interior was completely stripped and gutted. Today the building is known as the Allan Memorial Institute and is part of the McGill University Faculty of Medicine. It stands on Pine Avenue at the top of McTavish Street on the slopes of Mount Royal.

On its completion, the mansion of 72 rooms excelled "in size and cost any dwelling-house in Canada," exceeding Dundurn Castle, built by Sir Allan Napier MacNab in 1835.[1] Although reduced in size and lacking its former grandeur, Ravenscrag continues to dominate what remains of the Golden Square Mile today.

Construction

Ravenscrag and its conservatory seen from the west, 1906
The east wing of Ravenscrag, 1903

In 1860, Sir Hugh Allan purchased fourteen acres on the slopes of Mount Royal, for $10,000 from the estate of the late Simon McTavish. The property was then considered in the countryside and was outside the confines of Montreal. He commissioned the Liverpool-born architects, Victor Roy and John W. Hopkins of the firm William & Wily, to design and build a mansion on the land.

By 1863, Hopkins and Roy had completed Allan's residence in the style of an Italian Renaissance villa or palazzo, made popular in England since the construction of Osborne House for Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in 1851. Allan named his new residence after one of his favourite childhood haunts, the ruins of Ravenscraig Castle, Ayrshire.[2]

As Allan intended, from the outside Ravenscrag was both imposing and intimidating.[3] It had a 300-foot frontage and a Gate Lodge at the end of the drive that now filters out onto Pine Avenue. The view from the house looked over Old Montreal, across the Saint Lawrence River and over to the Green Mountains of Vermont. From the 75-foot tower rising over the house, Allan could occasionally be glimpsed with a brass telescope in hand scanning Longue-Pointe for the safe arrival of the weekly Allan Line Steamer arriving from Glasgow.[4]

Interior

The drawing room at Ravenscrag, 1911
The reception hall at the end of the entrance hall, 1902

On its completion, Ravenscrag consisted of 72 rooms and covered a vast 4,968 m2 (53,475 sqft) over five floors, including the basement and attic.[5] The reception rooms were built of a size and style compatible for society gatherings and to receive royalty, the first instance of which occurred in 1869 when the Allans entertained the young Prince Arthur during his year in Montreal with the Rifle Brigade.[6]

The interior of the house was a typically eclectic example of Victorian architecture. Bright colours were used, such as the green silk-woven lining on the dining room walls. There were also hand-painted frescos and murals illustrated with mythological or quotidian scenes, and decorative elements were embellished with gilding.[7]

The dining room was in a sedate Georgian-Italian Renaissance style, measuring 60 feet in length and 46 feet across.[8] The Grand Ballroom, with its wrought-iron Minstrels' gallery, was in the style of the French Second Empire and said to have been particularly impressive in both size and decoration.[9] In 1872, the first ball was held at Ravenscrag in honour of the new Governor General of Canada, Lord Dufferin, when the Allans invited 400 guests.[10]

Sir Hugh Allan's favourite room was his library on the ground floor, where he whiled away the hours working, relaxing or playing with his children. The room was typically Victorian and dominated by a wall-to-wall mahogany bookcase, decorated with carved panels depicting sea monsters and mermaids. The piece is one of the very few decorative elements to have survived as it was in Allan's day.[11]

The basement included: two wine cellars, an ice house and a workshop. The main rooms on the ground floor included: the entrance hall, a reception room, a drawing room, a breakfast room, a dining room, a billiard room, a library, two ante-rooms off the Grand Ballroom and a greenhouse containing a vineyard and fruit trees. The East Wing on the ground floor included a pantry, pastry room, summer larder, scullery, dairy, servants hall, butler's room, housekeeper's room and bedrooms for nineteen servants.[12]

The first floor included four main bedrooms, two water closets, two bathrooms, a sitting room, a dressing room and the children's dining room. The second floor included eight bedrooms for the children and one large bathroom. The attic included an observatory. As might have been expected for a house of its kind in Montreal, Ravenscrag was fitted with gas lighting and the most advanced plumbing and heating technology available at the time.[13]

East Wing and Stables

Sir Hugh Allan died the wealthiest man in Canada in 1882, and Ravenscrag was inherited by his second son, Sir Montagu Allan. In 1889, he employed Andrew Taylor to extend the east wing, and he almost doubled the number of servants his father had kept in the house to nineteen. Taylor also enlarged the stables for Sir Montagu in 1898.[14] In 1940, the couple donated Ravenscrag to the Royal Victoria Hospital for use as a medical facility.[15] Its famously lavish interior was entirely gutted and replaced.

Gallery

References

  1. ↑ Dictionary of Canadian Biography (1881-1890), Volume XI
  2. ↑ Biography of Sir Hugh Allan, Clydesite Magazine, Scotland]
  3. ↑ Archives of the City of Montreal on the Allan Memorial Institute (Royal Victoria Hospital), 2012
  4. ↑ The Square Mile - Merchant Princes of Montreal (1987); Donald MacKay
  5. ↑ Robert Bianchini:Ravenscrag, Montréal; McGill University School of Architecture, 1985
  6. ↑ The Canadian Portrait Gallery, Volume 2: John Charles Dent, 1880
  7. ↑ François Rémillard: Mansions of the Golden Square Mile, Montreal 1850-1930 - Hugh Allan House. Meridian Press, 1986. Page 55
  8. ↑ Ravenscrag - Canadian Illustrated News, 1872
  9. ↑ François Rémillard: Mansions of the Golden Square Mile, Montreal 1850-1930 - Hugh Allan House. Meridian Press, 1986. Page 55
  10. ↑ François Rémillard: Mansions of the Golden Square Mile, Montreal 1850-1930 - Hugh Allan House. Meridian Press, 1986. Page 55
  11. ↑ François Rémillard: Mansions of the Golden Square Mile, Montreal 1850-1930 - Hugh Allan House. Meridian Press, 1986. Page 55
  12. ↑ Julia Gersovitz, Ravenscrag, Montréal, McGill University, School of Architecture, 1975
  13. ↑ Julia Gersovitz, Ravenscrag, Montréal, McGill University, School of Architecture, 1975
  14. ↑ http://www.dictionaryofarchitectsincanada.org/architects/view/1349 Biographic Dictionary of Architects in Canada 1800-1950 Andrew Taylor (Architect)
  15. ↑ Deed of Conveyance (Gift inter vivos), no 488283, 1940-11-19, Me Herbert Bayne McLean (Notary), Registre foncier du Québec en ligne, Ministère des Ressources Naturelles et Faune (consulted october 9, 2013)

See also

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