Red Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador

Red Bay
Town

Red Bay seen from the harbour
Red Bay

Location of Red Bay in Newfoundland and Labrador

Coordinates: 51°43′55″N 56°25′32″W / 51.73194°N 56.42556°W / 51.73194; -56.42556
Country  Canada
Province  Newfoundland and Labrador
Government[1]
 • Type Municipal incorporation
Area
 • Total 1.58 km2 (0.61 sq mi)
Elevation 10 m (30 ft)
Population (2006)
 • Total 227
 • Density 140/km2 (370/sq mi)
Time zone Newfoundland Time (UTC-3:30)
 • Summer (DST) Newfoundland Daylight (UTC-2:30)
Area code(s) 709
Official name Red Bay Basque Whaling Station
Type Cultural
Criteria iii, vi
Designated 2013 (37th session)
Reference no. 1412
State Party Canada
Region Europe and North America
Official name Red Bay National Historic Site of Canada
Designated 1979

Red Bay is a fishing village and former site of several Basque whaling stations on the southern coast of Labrador in the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Between 1530 and the early 17th century, Red Bay was a major Basque whaling area. The site is home to three Basque whaling galleons and four small chalupas used in the capture of whales. The discovery of these vessels makes Red Bay one of the most precious underwater archaeological sites in the Americas. Since June 2013 it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.[2]

Geography

Red Bay is a natural harbour residing in the bay that gives it its name, both names in reference to the red granite cliffs of the region. Because of the sheltered harbour it was used during World War II as a mooring site for naval vessels. In the bay are Penney Island and Saddle Island, which were used by the Basques for their whaling operations. The location of the sunken vessel San Juan is near Saddle Island.

History

A Basque chalupa recovered from the waters of the bay and on display in the museum.

Between 1550 and the early 17th century, Red Bay, known as Balea Baya (Whale Bay), was a centre for Basque whaling operations. Sailors from southern France and northern Spain sent 15 whaleships and 600 men a season to the remote outpost on the Strait of Belle Isle to try to catch the right whale and bowhead whales that populated the waters there, according to Memorial University of Newfoundland.

In 1565, a ship—believed to be San Juan -- sank in the waters off Red Bay during a storm. Other, smaller vessels, such as chalupas, have also been recovered from the waters.

Another galleon was found 25–35 feet below water in 2004. It was the fourth trans-oceanic ship to have been found in the area.

A cemetery on nearby Saddle Island holds the remains of 140 whalers. Many of the people buried there are thought to have died from drowning and exposure.

Historians believe that a decline in whale stocks eventually led to the abandonment of the whaling stations in Red Bay. Today, an interpretive centre in Red Bay explains the history to visitors.

Local legends of Red Bay make reference to a hidden treasure buried in a body of water known as Pond on the Hill 51°43′43″N 56°26′56″W / 51.72861°N 56.44889°W / 51.72861; -56.44889 at the foot of Tracey Hill by the infamous pirate Captain William Kidd. An attempt was made to find the treasure by residents of Carrol Cove by draining the pond. The attempt had failed.

Red Bay has been designated a National Historic Site of Canada,[3][4] and since 2013 it is one of seventeen Canadian sites added to the UNESCO World Heritage List.[5]

Demographics

2001
  Population in 2001     264  
  Population change from 1996     -4.1%  
  Median age     39.6  
  Number of families     80  
  Number of married couples     65  
  Total number of dwellings     90  
  Catholic     3.8%  
  Protestant     77.3%  
  Land Area (km².)     1.58  
Source: Statistics Canada 2001 Census[6]

Tourist attractions

Basque whaling station on Saddle Island. The location of the sunken vessel San Juan (1565) is near the wreck of the Bernier, which grounded in 1966.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Statistics Canada (2006). "Red Bay Community Profile". Retrieved 2008-03-16.
  2. ↑ "Labrador town of Red Bay gets World Heritage Site status". 2013. Retrieved 2013-06-22.
  3. ↑ Parks Canada - Red Bay National Historic Site of Canada
  4. ↑ Red Bay. Canadian Register of Historic Places. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
  5. ↑ "Red Bay Basque Whaling Station". Unesco World Heritage List. Retrieved August 2015.
  6. ↑ Red Bay Community Profile - Statistics Canada 2001 Census

Further reading

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Red Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador.


Coordinates: 51°43′55″N 56°25′32″W / 51.73194°N 56.42556°W / 51.73194; -56.42556

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