Redoubt of Três Paus

Redoubt of Três Paus (Reduto dos Três Paus)
Redoubt of Three Sticks/Clubs, Fort of Benedict the Moor
Fort (Forto)
The remains of the small buildings associated with the fort of São Benedito on the western edge of Monte Brasil
Official name: Reduto dos Três Paus/Forte de São Benedito de Monte Brasil
Name origin: three sticks/clubs

Country	Portugal
Autonomous region	Azores
Group	Central
Island	Terceira
Municipality	Angra do Heroísmo

Location	Sé

Architects	Tommaso Benedetto
Styles	Medieval, Fortification
Materials	Basalt, Tuff

Origin	1543
- Initiated	15th-16th century

For public	Private

Management	Portuguese Army
Operator	Portuguese Army

Location of the fortification within the municipality of Angra do Heroísmo, island of Terceira

The Redoubt of Três Paus (Portuguese: Reduto dos Três Paus) is a fortification situated on the peninsula of Monte Brasil, in the civil parish of Sé, in the municipality of Angra do Heroísmo, in the Porutguese archipelago of the Azores. Part of the fortified defenses of the Fortress of São João Baptista, it was also known as the Fort/Redoubt of Benedict the Moor (Portuguese: Forte/Reduto de São Benedito do Monte Brasil).

History

A 1595 map of the fortress of Monte Brasil

Bartolomeu Ferraz first presented his recommendations to John III of Portugal in 1543 for the fortification of the Azores, then an important waypoint in trans-Atlantic commerce between the Indies and America.^[1] On 5 March 1567, in his proposal to the Crown, Engineer Tommaso Benedetto elaborated a plan to protect the island's coastal defence, that included the construction of a fort on Monte Brasil.^[1] Shortly following this proposal, the Portuguese Crown began the construction of the Fort of Dois Paus, in order to protect the port of Dois Paus-Portinho Novo.^[1]

During the dynastic crisis (in 1580), the Azores supported the Portuguese cause of António, Prior of Crato and his claim to the throne, resulting in an insular rebellion that lasted for three years.^[1] The anti-Philippine resistance was determined to reinforce the coastal fortifications.^[1] On 13 October 1581, a letter from Frair Simão de Barros was sent to Queen Elizabeth for military assistance.^[1] In order to prepare the resistance on the island, fortifications were constructed on the eastern coast of Monte Brasil: the Fort of Santo António and Fort of São Benedito, that included a long wall and trench, and to the west the establishment of the Fort of Zimbreiro.^[1]

In the context of the installation of the Captaincy-General of the Azores, the status of the fortifications were reported as:

...In the stated redoubt of Benedict the Moor, it has eight canon emplacements and four peices of iron, three esfuguenadas, and requires another four with its equipment.^[2]

The redoubt was part of an array of coastal defences on the eastern coast of Monte Brasil, oriented toward the Bay of Angra, that included the Redoubt of Dois Paus, Redoubt of São Francisco, the Redoubt of Santo Inácio and the Fort of Santo António.^[1] It currently includes several abandoned and derelict buildings, and is found in a state of ruin.

References

Notes

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Dias, Sofia (2015). SIPA, ed. "Igreja de São João Baptista do Castelo, Fortaleza e Muralhas" (in Portuguese). Lisbon, Portugal: SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
↑ João António Júdice (1981), p.416

Sources

Júdice, João António (1981), "Revistas feitas no Castello de S. João Baptista, Forte de S. Sebastião e de todos os mais fortes que tem esta Ilha Terceira", Arquivo dos Açores, V (facsimile 1883), Ponta Delgada (Azores): Universidade dos Açores, Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo (Papéis do Ministério do Reino, Maço 611), pp. 407–418
Mota, Valdemar (1994), "Fortificação da Ilha Terceira", Boletim do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira, (in Portuguese), LI-LII
Vieira, Alberto (1987), "Da poliorcética à fortificação nos Açores: introdução ao estudo do sistema defensivo nos Açores nos séculos XVI-XIX", Boletim do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira (in Portuguese), XLV, Tomo II

Angra do Heroísmo

Civil parishes	Altares Cinco Ribeiras Doze Ribeiras Feteira Nossa Senhora da Conceição Porto Judeu Posto Santo Raminho Ribeirinha Santa Bárbara Santa Luzia São Bartolomeu de Regatos São Bento São Mateus da Calheta São Pedro Sé Serreta Terra Chã Vila de São Sebastião

Natural Landmarks	Algar do Carvão Bay of Angra Bay of Pontas Bay of Salga Bay of Refugo Furna de Água Galerias da Feteira Gruta Brisa Azul Gruta das Mercês Gruta do Zé Grande Gruta das Cinco Ribeiras Gruta das Agulhas Gruta dos Ratões Cabras Islets Lagoa do Negro Mata da Serreta Monte Brasil Parque de Campismo das Cinco Ribeiras Porto das Cinco Ribeiras Ponta do Queimado Prainha Serra do Morião ou da Nasce Água Serra da Ribeirinha Serra de Santa Bárbara Zona Balnear do Negrito Zona de Protecção Especial do Ilhéu das Cabras

Man-made Landmarks	Bettencourt Palace Cais da Alfândega Cais da Silveira Câmara Municipal de Angra do Heroísmo Castle of Moinhos Cemetery of Anchors Church of São Mateus da Calheta Convent of São Gonçalo Duke of Terceira Garden Fort of Má Ferramenta Fort of Negrito Fort of Santo António do Monte Brasil Fort of São João Fort of the Açougue Fort of the Cavalas Fort of the Church of São Mateus da Calheta Fort of the Maré Forte das Caninas Forte das Cinco Ribeiras Forte da Greta Forte da Salga Forte de Santa Catarina das Mós Forte de Santo António Forte de São Fernando Forte de São Francisco Forte de São Sebastião Forte do Terreiro Forte do Zimbreiro Fort of São João Baptista Fortress of São Mateus da Calheta Redoubt of Dois Paus Redoubt of Três Paus Reducto da Salga Manor of Madre de Deus Miradouro da Amoreira Miradouro do Pico das Cruzinhas Miradouro da Ponta do Queimado Miradouro do Pico Matias Simão Miradouro da Serreta Miradouro das Veredas Parque Arqueológico Subaquático da Baía de Angra do Heroísmo Parque de Campismo das Cinco Ribeiras Parque Municipal do Relvão (Angra do Heroísmo) Porto das Cinco Ribeiras Sé Cathedral of Angra do Heroísmo

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