Resident Evil (1996 video game)

"Resident Evil 1" redirects here. For the first live-action Resident Evil film, see Resident Evil (film).
Resident Evil

English version cover art
Developer(s)
Publisher(s)
Director(s) Shinji Mikami
Producer(s) Tokuro Fujiwara
Masayuki Akahori
Designer(s) Takahiro Arimitsu
Isao Ōishi
Programmer(s) Yasuhiro Anpo
Writer(s) Kenichi Iwao
Yasuyuki Saga
Composer(s) Makoto Tomozawa
Koichi Hiroki[2][3]
Masami Ueda
Series Resident Evil
Platform(s) PlayStation, Microsoft Windows, Sega Saturn, Nintendo DS
Release date(s)
Genre(s) Survival horror
Mode(s) Single-player

Resident Evil, known in Japan as Bio Hazard (バイオハザード Baio Hazādo),[4] is a survival horror video game developed and released by Capcom originally for the PlayStation in 1996, and is the first game in the Resident Evil series. The game's plot follows Chris Redfield and Jill Valentine, members of an elite task force known as S.T.A.R.S., as they investigate the outskirts of Raccoon City following the disappearance of their team members. They soon become trapped in a mansion infested with zombies and other monsters. The player, having selected to play as Chris or Jill at the start of the game, must explore the mansion to uncover its secrets.

Originally conceived as a remake of Capcom's earlier horror game Sweet Home, Resident Evil became its own project with development led by Shinji Mikami. Mikami took gameplay design cues from the 1992 game Alone in the Dark as well as aesthetic design from The Shining (1980) for the scenery. Gameplay consists largely of third-person action with added emphasis on inventory management, exploration, and puzzle solving. Resident Evil establishes many conventions seen later in the series, including the control scheme, inventory system, save system, and use of 3D models superimposed over pre-rendered backgrounds.

Resident Evil was very well received critically and commercially, and is often credited for defining the survival horror genre. Its success has spawned a multimedia franchise including video games, films, comics, novels, and other merchandise. The game has received dedicated ports to the Sega Saturn, Microsoft Windows, and Nintendo DS. In 2002, a remake of the same name was released for the GameCube featuring updated graphics, sound, and changes to the gameplay and story. A high-definition remaster of the GameCube game was released in 2015 for modern platforms. A direct sequel titled Resident Evil 2 was released in 1998, and a prequel, Resident Evil Zero, was released in 2002.

Gameplay

A screenshot of a puzzle that has to be solved at the beginning of the game. The environmental graphics are pre-rendered, whereas the characters and the objects that can be interacted with are real-time polygonal models

The player's character is a member of special law enforcement task force, who is trapped in a mansion populated by dangerous mutated creatures. The objective of the game is to uncover the mystery of the mansion and ultimately escape alive. The game's graphics consist of real-time 3D polygonal characters and objects, superimposed over pre-rendered backdrops with fixed camera angles. The player controls the character by pushing the D-pad or analog stick left or right to rotate the character and then move the character forward or backwards by pushing the d-pad up or down.

To fulfill the game's objective, the player uncovers various documents that provide exposition about the game's narrative, as well as clues that help them solve various puzzles within the mansion. Key items are also available that give the player access to other items or new areas. The player can arm their character with weapons to defend themselves from enemies, although the ammunition available for each firearm is limited and the player must learn to conserve the ammunition they have for situations where they will really need it. To restore the character's health, the player uses first-aid sprays or three types of healing herbs that can be mixed together in different combinations for different healing effects. The carrying capacity of the player is limited depending on the character and items that the player does not wish to carry at the moment can be stored into an item box to be retrieved for later use. To save their progress, the player must pick up an ink ribbon and use it on any of the typewriters scattered through key locations in the game. However, the supply of ink ribbons the player can acquire is limited much like the player's ammo and healing supplies. Players will encounter and fight various infected creatures as flesh-eating zombies, undead dogs, giant spiders, and other monsters.

Plot

Setting

A series of bizarre murders have occurred on the outskirts of Raccoon City, with signs of cannibalism on the victims' remains. The Raccoon Police Department's Special Tactics And Rescue Service (S.T.A.R.S.) are assigned to investigate the murders. S.T.A.R.S. is divided into two teams: Alpha and Bravo. Bravo Team is sent first, but after contact with them is lost, Alpha Team is sent to investigate their disappearance.

Characters

Players can choose between the two Alpha Team members Chris Redfield or Jill Valentine, each with their own unique differential abilities. Jill has more firepower and possesses a lock-pick that enables her to access areas and items easily, as well as an inventory large enough to hold up to eight items, while Chris has limited firepower but is more durable in terms of taking damage from enemies, and a smaller inventory that can hold only six items.

The game's supporting characters include Barry Burton, Alpha team's weapons expert who provides Jill with additional firepower; Rebecca Chambers, a surviving member of Bravo team who supports Chris with her medical expertise; Albert Wesker, the captain of STARS and leader of Alpha team; and Brad Vickers, the helicopter pilot who sends transmissions to them as he tries to find them in the helicopter.

Minor characters include Joseph Frost, the sixth member of Alpha team whose sudden death sets the story into motion, Enrico Marini, the leader of Bravo team who gives the player the game's most critical plot twist, Richard Aiken, who gives the player a radio used to receive Brad's transmissions, Kenneth Sullivan, a member of Bravo team killed just after Alpha team arrives, and Forest Speyer, whose corpse is found on the balcony by the player.

Story

The game begins on July 24, 1998. Alpha team locates Bravo Team's helicopter, but there are no signs of survivors; only a severed hand is found. While searching the area for further clues, Alpha Team is attacked by monstrous dogs, one of which kills one of the team's members, Joseph Frost. Alpha's helicopter pilot, Brad, panics and takes off alone. Pursued by the dogs who killed their colleague, Alpha Team is forced to seek refuge within a nearby mansion, which is believed to be abandoned.

With the dogs roaming outside, the four remaining Alpha Team members (Wesker, Chris, Jill and Barry) are trapped within. Depending on which character is the player, one of the members of Alpha Team is separated from the others during the chase and does not make it to the mansion (Barry if Chris, Chris if Jill). A gunshot rings out, and the player character moves to investigate. At this point, the player takes control of the character and begins to explore the mansion. One of the first discoveries is a member of Bravo Team, Kenneth J. Sullivan, being eaten by a zombie. While searching the mansion, the character finds the other members of Bravo Team, such as Richard Aiken, dying after being bitten by a venomous snake, who gives the character his radio before dying, Forest Speyer, found dead on the balcony (who is later revived as a zombie in later releases of the game), and Enrico Marini, the captain of the S.T.A.R.S Bravo Team, who reveals that one of the members of Alpha Team is a traitor before being shot and killed by an unseen assailant.

The character eventually finds the mansion to be riddled with puzzles, traps, and horrors. Scattered documents suggest that a series of illegal experiments were being undertaken on the property by a clandestine research team, under the authority and supervision of the biomedical company Umbrella Corporation. The creatures roaming the mansion and surrounding region are the results of these experiments, which have exposed the mansion's personnel and various animals and insects to a highly contagious and mutagenic biological agent known as the T-virus.

After navigating a series of buildings, passageways and underground tunnels, the player discovers a secret underground laboratory containing the Umbrella Corporation's experiments. In the lab, the player learns that Wesker is a double agent working for Umbrella. Wesker is supposedly killed afterwards by one of the creations. The player finds the other playable character in a cell, put there by Wesker, and manages to get him/her out by activating the self-destruct system. Chris, Jill and the helper character (Rebecca if Chris, Barry if Jill) head for the heliport, but the other two are separated from the player due to more creatures. The player gets up to the heliport and manages to contact Brad and meet the other two survivors there, but they are attacked by the Tyrant, a giant humanoid monster created through prolonged exposure to the T-virus. After the Tyrant is defeated, Chris, Jill and Barry/Rebecca manage to escape the premises in the team helicopter, just as the entire facility is destroyed by explosives through the self-destruct system activated earlier. If the player fails to save the helper character of his or her team (Jill letting Barry die, or Chris letting Rebecca die) then the helipad battle will not occur and the game will end upon the player reaching the helicopter.

Endings

Resident Evil and its remake are among the few entries in the franchise to feature multiple endings, with the difference being how many people the player character saves. There is no possible way in either game to save all four characters, as Barry disappears in Chris' scenario and Rebecca never meets Jill in hers; however, it is confirmed that both of them survived, as Barry is shown in the epilogue of Resident Evil 3, while in the Nintendo 64 version of Resident Evil 2 the player may come find a report about Billy Coen's supposed death that Rebecca filed upon returning to Raccoon City.

Development

Production

Resident Evil was created by a team of staff members who would later become part of Capcom Production Studio 4.[5] The inspiration for Resident Evil was the earlier Capcom horror game Sweet Home.[6] Shinji Mikami was initially commissioned to make a game set in a haunted mansion like Sweet Home,[7] which Resident Evil was originally intended to be a remake of.[8] During the first six months of development Mikami worked on the game alone, creating concept sketches, designing characters, and writing over 40 pages of script.[9] Several of the Resident Evil mansion's pre-rendered backdrops were inspired by The Overlook Hotel, the setting for 1980 horror film, The Shining.[10] Mikami also cited the 1979 film Zombie as a negative inspiration for the game.[11] The game was initially conceived as a first-person shooter, but soon the gameplay system inspired by Alone in the Dark was adopted instead. Mikami said the original first-person view concept "technically...wasn't good enough."[12]

In pre-production, other characters were conceived. Dewey, an African-American man, was intended to perform a comic relief role, while Gelzer, a big cyborg, was a typical "strongman" character. Both were later replaced by Rebecca and Barry, respectively. At this stage of development, a local co-op mode was present, along with different outfits. A prototype made for the 1995 V-Jump Festival presentation in Japan featured real-time weapon changes, with the co-op mode already removed and rudimentary character models and textures. An early 1996 preview in Maximum Console magazine featured a graveyard and a slightly different version of the final boss.[13]

Almost all development was done on Silicon Graphics hardware using the software program Soft Image.[9] The PlayStation was chosen as the lead platform because the development team felt it was the most appropriate for the game in terms of things such as the amount of polygons.[9]

The live action full motion video sequences were filmed in Japan with a cast of American actors.[9]

All Japanese releases contain English voice acting with Japanese captions and text. However, Japanese voice performances were also recorded but were left unused,[14] as Mikami found the quality of the performances inadequate.[15] The original Japanese PlayStation version also features vocal ending theme, "Yume de Owarasenai..." (夢で終わらせない... "I Won't Let This End as a Dream..."), performed by Jpop band Fumitaka Fuchigami that is not in any other versions of the game.

English localization

Bio Hazard would be renamed for the North America and Europe markets after Chris Kramer, Director of Communications at Capcom, pointed out that it would be impossible to trademark "Biohazard" in the United States. Among others, the 1992 video game Bio-Hazard Battle and the New York alternative metal band Biohazard were already using the name. Capcom therefore decided to run an internal company contest to find a new name. The name Resident Evil was settled upon since the game takes place in a mansion.[16] Kramer thought the name "was super-cheesy; [I] can't remember what I felt was a better alternative, probably something stupid about zombies – but the rest of the marketing crew loved it and were ultimately able to convince Capcom Japan and Mikami-san that the name fit."[16]

The original PlayStation version of Resident Evil went through several considerable changes between its original Japanese release and its international counterparts. The North American and European versions of the intro were heavily cut from the one featured in the Japanese releases. Shots of mangled corpses, a "Cerberus" zombie dog being shot, and Joseph's death were edited out, as well as scenes featuring the character Chris Redfield smoking a cigarette. Despite these tweaks, the game was ultimately released on the PlayStation as one of the first games to receive the mature rating from the Entertainment Software Rating Board.[17]

In the game itself, the auto-aiming function was disabled and the numbers of ink ribbons found by the player were reduced. Capcom also planned to eliminate the interconnected nature of item boxes, meaning that items could only be retrieved from the locations where they were originally stored. This change made it in preview copies of the US version, but was removed from the retail release.[7] This particular game mechanic would resurface in its remake as part of an unlockable difficulty setting.

Release

Director's Cut

An updated version of Resident Evil for the PlayStation, titled Resident Evil: Director's Cut, was released in September 1997, a year and a half after the original game's release. Director's Cut was produced to compensate for the highly publicized delay of the sequel, Resident Evil 2, and was originally bundled with a playable pre-release demo of that game. The Japanese version of the demo disc also included a pre-release demo of Rockman Neo, which was later retitled Rockman DASH (Mega Man Legends outside Japan), and a promotional trailer for the then newly released Breath of Fire III.

The main addition to Director's Cut is an "arranged" version of the game that changes the location of nearly every vital item in the mansion, as well as the enemy placement. The main characters, as well as Rebecca, are given a new wardrobe and the player's handgun is replaced by an improved model where any shot fired has a random chance of decapitating a zombie, killing it instantly. The original version of the game is included as well, along with a new "beginner" mode where the enemies are easier to kill and the amount of ammunition that can be found by the player is doubled. Additionally, the auto-aim function was restored in all modes, though it is not noted in the in-game controls.

The North American and European releases of the Director's Cut were marketed as featuring the original, uncensored footage from the Japanese releases. However, the full motion video (FMV) sequences were still censored, and Capcom claimed the omission was the result of a localization mistake made by the developers. The uncensored intro was later offered as a free download from their website.[18] The French and German PAL versions of Director's Cut do feature the uncensored intro FMV in color, however the French and German PAL version lacked the uncensored Kenneth death scene despite having the uncensored introduction FMVs in color. Although the PC version of Resident Evil was not billed as the director's cut version of the game, it is the only version of Resident Evil that has all of the uncensored FMVs, which includes the uncensored introduction, Kenneth's death scene in its entirety, and ending as well.

Dual Shock Ver.

A third version for the PlayStation, known as the Dual Shock Ver. and co-produced by Keiji Inafune, was released in August 1998. The Dual Shock Ver., as the title indicates, feature support for the DualShock controller's analog controls and vibration functions, as well as a new symphonic soundtrack, replacing the original soundtrack by Makoto Tomozawa, Koichi Hiroki, and Masami Ueda. The game's symphonic music was officially credited to composer Mamoru Samuragochi,[19] although he would later admit in 2014 that he directed his orchestrator Takashi Niigaki to ghostwrite the new soundtrack, for which Samuragochi took full credit for composition.[20] The Japanese Dual Shock Ver. came packaged with a bonus disc that contained downloadable save data, footage of the unused Japanese dubbed versions of the live-action cutscenes, along with brief gameplay footage of the canceled original version of Resident Evil 2.

In the USA, Resident Evil: Director's Cut Dual Shock Ver. was later released as a downloadable game available from the PlayStation Network.[21] although the game is advertised with the original Director's Cut box art. In Japan and Europe, the original Director's Cut was instead made available from the PlayStation Network.

Sega Saturn version

The Sega Saturn version added an unlockable Battle Game minigame in which the player must traverse through a series of rooms from the main game and eliminate all enemies within them with the weapons selected by the player.[18] This minigame features two exclusive enemies not in the main game: a zombie version of Wesker and a gold-colored Tyrant. The player's performance is graded at the end of the minigame. The Japanese version is the most gore-laden of all the platforms; after decapitating a crawling zombie with a kick, the head remains on the floor, and Plant 42 can cut the character before the game over screen. The Saturn version also features exclusive enemy monsters, such as a re-skinned breed of Hunters known as Ticks and a second Tyrant prior to the game's final battle. Exclusive outfits for Jill and Chris were added as well.

Windows version

The Windows version featured the uncensored footage from the Japanese version, but the opening intro is in full color rather than black and white. Support for 3D accelerator cards was added as well, allowing for much sharper graphics. Two new unlockable weapons were added, a MAC-10 for Jill and an FN Minimi for Chris. New unlockable outfits for Chris and Jill were added as well.

Unreleased Game Boy Color version

A Game Boy Color version of the game, developed by the Software House HotGen, was supposed to be released in 1999, till Capcom decided to cancel this project citing that the port was poor quality due to the Game Boy's limited hardware.[22] This version contains every room, cutscene, and almost all the items there were present in the original PlayStation version.[23]

In January 2012, an anonymous individual claimed to have an EPROM cartridge of the GBC version and requested $2,000 before he was willing to leak the playable ROM.[24] The goal was met in February and the ROM files containing an unfinished build of the game were subsequently leaked.[25]

Deadly Silence

A Nintendo DS port titled Resident Evil: Deadly Silence, released in Japan as Biohazard: Deadly Silence (バイオハザード デッドリーサイレンス Baiohazādo Deddorī Sairensu). was made to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the series. Deadly Silence includes a "Classic Mode", the original game with minimal enhancements and touch-screen support, and a "Rebirth Mode", containing a greater number of enemies and a series of new puzzles that make use of the platform's specifications.

The game makes use of the dual screen display with the top screen used to display the map, along with the player's remaining ammunition and health (determined by the color of the background); while the bottom screen displays the main action, and can be switched to show the player's inventory. The DS version also includes updated play mechanics: the 180-degree turn introduced in Resident Evil 3: Nemesis, along with the knife button and tactical reload from Resident Evil 4. The updated controls are applicable to both Classic and Rebirth modes. Dialog and loading screens can now be skipped. The live-action footage was still censored, even in the game's Japanese release; however, the scene showing Kenneth's decapitated head was kept.

In "Rebirth", new puzzles are added that use the system's touch-screen. "Knife Battle" sequences, viewed from a first-person perspective, are also added, in which the player must fend off incoming enemies by swinging the knife via the stylus. One particular puzzle requires the player to resuscitate an injured comrade by blowing into the built-in microphone. The player can also shake off enemies by using the touch screen, performing a melee attack.

The game also includes wireless LAN support for up to four players with two different multiplayer game modes. The first is a cooperative mode in which each player must help each other solve puzzles and escape the mansion together. The other is a competitive mode in which the objective is to get the highest score out of all the players by destroying the most monsters, with the tougher monsters being worth more points. There are three playable multiplayer stages and nine playable characters.

Reception

Reception
Review scores
PublicationScore
DSPCPSSaturn
1UP.comB[26]
AllGame[27][28][29]
CVG[30][31]
EGM35.5/40[32]32/40[33]
Famitsu32/40[34]38/40[35]32/40[36]
GameFan294/300[37]262/300[38]
Game Informer9.25/10[39]9/10[40]
GamePro5/5 (graphics)[41]5/5[42]
Game RevolutionA-[43]A[44]
GamesMaster92%[45]
GameSpot7.9/10[46]7.2/10[47]8.2/10[48]7.3/10[49]
GameSpy[50]
IGN7.0/10[51]8.7/10[52]
Entertainment WeeklyA[53]
Maximum[54]
Next Generation[55]
Aggregate scores
GameRankings72%[56]80%[57]87%[58]77%[59]
Metacritic71/100[60]91/100[61]
MobyRank77%[62]90%[63]89%[64]
Awards
PublicationAward
Electronic Gaming Monthly
(Readers' Picks)		Game of the Year (Runner-Up),
PlayStation Game of the Year,
Adventure Game of the Year (Runner-Up)[65]
Electronic Gaming Monthly
(Editors' Choice)		PlayStation Game of the Year (Runner-Up),
Adventure Game of the Year (Runner-Up)[66]
5th GameFan MegawardsGame of the Year (Runner-Up)[67]
Electronic Gaming MonthlyGame of the Month[32]
GameFanGame of the Month[37]

The PlayStation game became a best seller in North America. In total, according to Capcom's Investor Relations website, the original Resident Evil has sold over 5.05 million units. The Director's Cut version, including the Dual Shock edition, sold an additional 3.94 million copies.[68] It was also a bestseller in the UK.[69] In February 1997, it was the best-selling PlayStation game up until then.[70] The PlayStation and GameCube versions of the game have sold 11 million units in total as of 2013.[68] As of April 2015, more than one million copies of HD Remaster had been sold worldwide across all platforms, indirectly increasing sales of the original game.[71]

The original PlayStation version of Resident Evil was critically acclaimed, receiving a very high averaged review rating of 91 out of 100 at Metacritic.[61] Among of those who praised the game was GameSpot, describing it as "one of those rare games that's almost as entertaining to watch as it is to play."[48] Famitsu gave it ratings of 9, 10, 10 and 9 out of 10, adding up to 38 out of 40. This made it one of their three highest-rated games of 1996, along with Super Mario 64 (which scored 39/40) and Tekken 2 (which scored 38/40). Resident Evil was also one of only ten games to have received a Famitsu score of 38/40 or above up until 1996.[35] Air Hendrix and Bruised Lee of GamePro described the storyline and cinematics as "mostly laughable", but felt the gameplay's "gripping pace" and the heavy challenge of both the combat and the puzzles make the game effectively terrifying. They reassured readers that the unusual control system becomes intuitive with practice and applauded the realism instilled by the graphics and sound effects.[72] The four reviewers of Electronic Gaming Monthly also commented on the realistic graphics and sounds. They additionally praised the selection of two playable characters and said that though the game seems to be an Alone in the Dark clone at first, it manages to create its own experience. Mark Lefebvre particularly remarked, "The element that really grabs a player here is fear. After trading blows with the first zombie, you'll quickly become hesitant to turn down any uncharted corridors in the mansion."[32] Yasuhiro Hunter of Maximum stated that "The game has the greatest atmosphere of any other game in existence [sic] - naming a game that makes you jump as much as when encountering your first pair of Cereberos in this title would be very difficult." He also praised the heavy difficulty of the puzzles, the great care required in combat, the 3D graphics, and the exceptionally high replay value.[54] Computer Gaming World gave a more mixed review for the Windows version, explaining that they "tried to hate it with its graphic violence, rampant sexism, poor voice acting and use of every horror cliché, however...it's actually fun."[73]

Resident Evil was the first game to be dubbed a "survival horror", a term that it coined for the genre.[74] It was ranked as the 91st top game of all time by Next Generation in 1996, for having "successfully redefine[d] the genre which started with Infogrames' Alone in the Dark."[75] Accordingly, Game Informer referred to the original Resident Evil as "one of the most important games of all-time" in 2007.[76] In 2012, Time named it one of the 100 greatest video games of all time.[77] That same year, the game ranked as one of G4tv's top video games of all time for how it has "launched one of the most successful series in gaming history and provided one of its most memorable scares."[78]

In 2004, readers of Retro Gamer voted Resident Evil as the 37th top retro game, with the staff calling it "one of the finest horror-themed games ever" and adding that "full of shocks, surprises and perfectly poor B-movie dialogue, Resident Evil is the gaming equivalent of Night of the Living Dead."[79] It entered the Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition 2008 for the "Worst Game Dialogue Ever."[80]

Sequels

Main article: Resident Evil

The game's success resulted in a media franchise that has since branched out into comic books, novels and novelizations, sound dramas, a non-canonical series of live-action films and animated sequels to the games, and a variety of associated merchandise, such as action figures.[81] The series has become one of Capcom's biggest franchises. The events of the game were also revisited in Resident Evil: The Umbrella Chronicles, originally released for the Wii in 2007.

Novelization

Resident Evil: The Umbrella Conspiracy is a 1998 novelization of the game, was written by S. D. Perry as the first book in her series of Resident Evil novels. The novel combines Jill's and Chris scenarios into one narrative and features all five of the main characters (including Barry, Rebecca and Wesker).

The book also takes liberty with some of the original source materials; the most notable difference being the inclusion of an original character named Trent, an insider from Umbrella Corporation who provides Jill with information about the Spencer Mansion prior to the events of the mansion incident. Since the book was written a few years before the Nintendo GameCube remake, the novelization lacks the presence of Lisa Trevor in the mansion. However, the book does allude to the original version of George Trevor's journal from The True Story Behind Bio Hazard, as well as the short story it contained, "Bio Hazard: The Beginning", which involved the disappearance of Chris Redfield's friend, Billy Rabbitson. Another notable difference in the novels is moving the location of Raccoon City from the Midwest to Pennsylvania, apparently about an hour's drive from New York. Overall, despite having been written before the retcon introduced in the Resident Evil remake and Resident Evil Zero, the book still maintains overall similarity to what the story warped into in the early 2000s.

Remake

In 2002, the game was remade and released for the GameCube under the same name as its original Western and Japanese releases. This was part of an exclusivity agreement between Capcom and Nintendo that spanned three new games. The title includes a variety of new gameplay elements, environments, and story details, as well as improved visuals and sound.[82] The game was also later ported for the Wii in 2008. A remastered version of the remake, featuring high definition graphics, was released digitally for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, Xbox One, and PC in 2015, with a limited edition PlayStation 3 version released at retail in Japan.[83]

References

  1. ↑ "Products". Nex Entertainment Co., Ltd. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
  2. ↑ "VGMdb Forums - View Single Post - TYCY-5511: BIO HAZARD SOUND TRACK REMIX". Vgmdb.net. 2011-11-14. Retrieved 2013-11-14.
  3. ↑ "VGMdb Forums - View Single Post - TYCY-5511: BIO HAZARD SOUND TRACK REMIX". Vgmdb.net. 2011-11-20. Retrieved 2013-11-14.
  4. ↑ Unlike its sequels, the original title is spelled Bio Hazard as two words instead of just one.
  5. ↑ "Production Studio 4" (in Japanese). Capcom Co., Ltd. Archived from the original on February 6, 2005.
  6. ↑ Staton, Rich (March 27, 2016). "Resident Evil - 20 years on". Eurogamer. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
  7. 1 2 The True Story Behind Bio Hazard (in Japanese).
  8. ↑ Time Machine: Sweet Home, Computer and Video Games
  9. 1 2 3 4 "The Developers of Resident Evil Spill their Guts". Electronic Gaming Monthly (Ziff Davis) (80): 60–61. March 1996.
  10. ↑ "Resident Evil: A Retrospective". Play. February 2000.
  11. ↑ "Creating Evil Incarnate: The Making of Resident Evil". GamePro (IDG) (91): 32–33. April 1996. My main inspiration was Zombie, a famous Italian horror movie. When I saw the movie, I was dissatisfied with some of the plot twists and action sequences. I though, 'If I was making this movie, I'd do this or that differently.'
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  13. ↑ "Resident Evil 1 PSX - Beta / Concept". Unseen 64. Retrieved 2013-08-26.
  14. ↑ Bio Hazard: Complete disc, bundled with Bio Hazard: Director's Cut Dual Shock Ver.
  15. ↑ "We also recorded Japanese voices (for the game), not just English ones. They were discarded because they were really lame." (英語だけでなくじつは日本語のボイズ収録も行なった。　カッコ悪かったのでボツに。 Eigo dake de naku jitsu wa nihongo no boisu shūroku mo okonatta. Kakkowarukatta node botsu ni.), The True Story Behind BIO HAZARD, page 157.
  16. 1 2 "GR Asks: Why was Biohazard renamed Resident Evil? | GamesRadar". GamesRadar. April 8, 2009. Retrieved February 2, 2010.
  17. ↑ "gamespot.com video: "15 Most Influential Video Games of All Time"". 2010-04-14. Archived from the original on April 14, 2010. Retrieved 2013-08-11.
  18. 1 2 Klepek, Patrick (January 19, 2015). "How The First Resident Evil's Been Censored And Changed Since 1996". Kotaku. Gawker Media. Archived from the original on January 20, 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
  19. ↑ Larimer, Tim (2001-09-15). "Songs of Silence: Video-game music maestro Samuragoch can't hear his own work". Time.com. Retrieved 2013-09-01.
  20. ↑ "GHOST COMPOSER: Japan's 'Beethoven' Can't Write Music And Is Only Pretending To Be Deaf". Business Insider. February 6, 2014. Retrieved February 6, 2014.
  21. ↑ "Sony Announces downloadable PS1 Games for PSP".
  22. ↑ "Resident Evil Passes On". IGN.
  23. ↑ "Resident Evil [GameBoy - Cancelled". Unseen 64. Retrieved 2013-08-26.
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  25. ↑ "Unreleased Game Boy Color Port Of Resident Evil 1 ROM Leaked Online". RetroCollect. 2012-02-06. Retrieved 2012-07-04.
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  27. ↑ Resident Evil (PC) at Allgame
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  29. ↑ Sutyak, Jonathan. "Resident Evil Review". Allgame. Archived from the original on 2014-11-14. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
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  31. ↑ Computer and Video Games, issue 191, page 64
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  33. ↑ Electronic Gaming Monthly, issue 100 (November 1997), page 192
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