Rhabdomyoma

Rhabdomyoma
Surgically excised cardiac rhabdomyoma (unfixed)
Classification and external resources
Specialty	oncology
ICD-10	D21 (ILDS D21.M50)
ICD-9-CM	215
ICD-O	8900/0
eMedicine	med/2021
MeSH	D012207

A rhabdomyoma is a benign tumor of striated muscle. Rhabdomyomas may be either "cardiac" or "extra cardiac" (occurring outside the heart). Extracardiac forms of rhabdomyoma are sub classified into three distinct types: adult type, fetal type, and genital type.

Cardiac rhabdomyomas are the most common primary tumor of the heart in infants and children. It has an association with tuberous sclerosis.^[1] In those with tuberous sclerosis, the tumor may regress and disappear completely, or remain consistent in size.

It is most commonly associated with the tongue,^[2] and heart,^[3] but can also occur in other locations, such as the vagina.^[4]

Malignant skeletal muscle tumors are referred to as rhabdomyosarcoma. Only rare cases of possible malignant change have been reported in fetal rhabdomyoma.

Photomicrograph of fetal-type rhabdomyoma: Note the plump, pink benign skeletal muscle cells.

References

↑ Bader RS, Chitayat D, Kelly E, et al. (November 2003). "Fetal rhabdomyoma: prenatal diagnosis, clinical outcome, and incidence of associated tuberous sclerosis complex". J. Pediatr. 143 (5): 620–4. doi:10.1067/S0022-3476(03)00494-3. PMID 14615733.
↑ Pérez-Alonso P, Sánchez-Simón R, Contreras F, Patrón-Romero M (December 2000). "Special feature: pathological case of the month. Denouement and discussion: fetal rhabdomyoma of the tongue (myxoid type)". Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 154 (12): 1265–6. doi:10.1001/archpedi.154.12.1265. PMID 11115314.
↑ Sugiyama H, Naito H, Tsukano S, Echigo S, Kamiya T (November 2005). "Evaluation of cardiac tumors in children by electron-beam computed tomography: rhabdomyoma and fibroma". Circ. J. 69 (11): 1352–6. doi:10.1253/circj.69.1352. PMID 16247210.
↑ Edward F. Goljan (2009). Pathology, Third Edition. Elsevier. p. 537. Tumour Type: Rhabdomyoma; Location: Heart, also tongue and vagina; Comment: Benign heart tumour associated with tuberous sclerosis

External links

Connective/soft tissue tumors and sarcomas (ICD-O 8800–9059) (C45–C49/D17–D21, 171/214–215)

Not otherwise specified

Connective tissue neoplasm

Fibromatous

Fibroma/fibrosarcoma:	Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans Desmoplastic fibroma

Fibroma/fibromatosis:	Aggressive infantile fibromatosis Aponeurotic fibroma Collagenous fibroma Diffuse infantile fibromatosis Familial myxovascular fibromas Fibroma of tendon sheath Fibromatosis colli Infantile digital fibromatosis Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis Plantar fibromatosis Pleomorphic fibroma Oral submucous fibrosis

Histiocytoma/histiocytic sarcoma:	Benign fibrous histiocytoma Malignant fibrous histiocytoma Atypical fibroxanthoma Solitary fibrous tumor

Synovial-like

general:	Myoma/myosarcoma

smooth muscle:	Leiomyoma/leiomyosarcoma

skeletal muscle:	Rhabdomyoma/rhabdomyosarcoma: Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma Sarcoma botryoides Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma

Leiomyoma Angioleiomyoma Angiolipoleiomyoma Genital leiomyoma Leiomyosarcoma Multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis syndrome Multiple cutaneous leiomyoma Neural fibrolipoma Solitary cutaneous leiomyoma STUMP

Complex mixed and stromal

Mesothelial

Heart neoplasia (C38.0/D15.1, 164.1/212.7)

Primary	Papillary fibroelastoma Rhabdomyoma Angiosarcoma Teratoma Cystic tumour of the atrioventricular nodal region

Other	Myxoma Atrial Lipoma Secondary

Tumors of lip, oral cavity and pharynx / head and neck cancer (C00–C14/D10–D11, 140–149/210)

Oral cancer

Salivary gland

malignant epithelial tumors	Acinic cell carcinoma Mucoepidermoid carcinoma Adenoid cystic carcinoma Salivary duct carcinoma Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma

benign epithelial tumors	Pleomorphic adenoma Warthin's tumor

ungrouped:	Oncocytoma

Tongue

Oropharynx

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