Robert F. Wagner

Robert F. Wagner
Portrait of Robert F. Wagner in the U.S. Senate Reception Room
United States Senator from New York
In office March 4, 1927 – June 28, 1949
Preceded by	James W. Wadsworth, Jr.
Succeeded by	John Foster Dulles
Acting Lieutenant Governor of New York
In office October 17, 1913 – December 31, 1914
Governor	Martin H. Glynn
Preceded by	Martin H. Glynn as Lieutenant Governor
Succeeded by	Edward Schoeneck as Lieutenant Governor
Member of the New York Senate from the 16th district
In office January 1, 1909 – December 31, 1918
Preceded by	John T. McCall
Succeeded by	James A. Foley
Member of the New York State Assembly from the New York County, 22nd district
In office January 1, 1907 – December 31, 1908
Preceded by	Thomas Rock
Succeeded by	George W. Baumann
Member of the New York State Assembly from the New York County, 3rd district
In office January 1, 1905 – December 31, 1905
Preceded by	Gotthardt A. Litthauer
Succeeded by	Maurice F. Smith
Personal details
Born	Robert Ferdinand Wagner June 8, 1877 Nastätten, Hesse-Nassau, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire
Died	May 4, 1953 (aged 75) New York City, New York
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	Margaret Marie McTague (m. 1908, d. 1919, one son)
Children	Robert Ferdinand Wagner II
Alma mater	City College of New York (1898) New York Law School (1900)
Profession	Lawyer
[1][2]

Robert Ferdinand Wagner I (June 8, 1877 – May 4, 1953) was an American politician. He was a Democratic U.S. Senator from New York from 1927 to 1949. Working closely in the state legislature with fellow New York City Democrat Al Smith, Wagner embraced reform in the 1910s and 1920s, especially to the benefit of their core constituency, the working class. They built a coalition for these reforms that embraced unions, social workers, some businessmen, and numerous middle-class activists and civic reform organizations across the state.^[3] As Senator, Wagner was a leader of the New Deal Coalition putting special emphasis on supporting the labor movement. He sponsored three major laws: the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, the Social Security Act of 1935, and the Public Housing Act of 1937.^[4] His son, Robert F. Wagner, Jr. was mayor of New York from 1954 through 1965.

Biography

He was born in Nastätten, then in the Province Hesse-Nassau, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire (now in Rhein-Lahn-Kreis, Rhineland-Palatinate, Federal Republic of Germany), and immigrated with his parents to the United States in 1885.^[2] His family settled in New York City's Yorkville neighborhood, and Wagner attended the public schools. His father was a janitor. He graduated from the College of the City of New York (now named City College) in 1898 where he was a brother of Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity and from New York Law School in 1900. He was admitted to the bar in 1900. He was raised as a Lutheran, but he became a Methodist in his college years and taught Sunday school; he converted to Roman Catholicism in 1946^[5]

Political career

He was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1905 (New York Co., 30th D.), 1907 and 1908 (both New York Co., 22nd D.).

He was a member of the New York State Senate (16th D.) from 1909 to 1918, sitting in the 132nd, 133rd, 134th, 135th, 136th, 137th, 138th, 139th, 140th and 141st New York State Legislatures. He was President pro tempore of the New York State Senate from 1911 to 1914, and became Acting Lieutenant Governor of New York after the impeachment of Governor William Sulzer, and the succession of Lt. Gov. Martin H. Glynn to the governorship. In 1914, while Wagner remained President pro tem, John F. Murtaugh was chosen Majority Leader of the State Senate. This was the only time before 2009 that the two offices were not held by the same person. After the Democrats lost their Senate majority, Wagner was Senate Minority Leader from January 1915 until he retired in 1918.

In the aftermath of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, he was Chairman of the State Factory Investigating Committee (1911–1915). His Vice Chairman was fellow Tammany Hall politician, Al Smith. They held a series of widely publicized investigations around the state, interviewing 222 witnesses and taking 3500 pages of testimony. They started with the issue of fire safety and moved on to broader issues of the risks of injury in the factory environment. Their findings led to thirty-eight new laws regulating labor in New York state, and gave each of them a reputation as leading progressive reformers working on behalf of the working class. In the process, they changed Tammany's reputation from mere corruption to progressive endeavors to help the workers.^[6][7][8]

Wagner was a delegate to the New York State Constitutional Conventions of 1915 and 1938, and a justice of the New York Supreme Court from 1919 to 1926.

U.S. Senate

Wagner was elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1926, and reelected in 1932, 1938 and 1944. He resigned on June 28, 1949, due to ill health. He was unable to attend any sessions of the 80th or 81st Congress from 1947 to 1949 because of a heart ailment.^[9] Wagner was the Chairman of the Committee on Patents in the 73rd Congress, of the Committee on Public Lands and Surveys in the 73rd and 74th Congresses, and of the Committee on Banking and Currency in the 75th through 79th Congresses. He was a delegate to the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire in 1944.

Wagner, who had known the future President when they were in the New York state legislature together, was a member of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's Brain Trust. He was very involved in labor issues, fought for legal protection and rights for workers, and was a leader in crafting the New Deal.

In April 1943 a confidential analysis by British scholar Isaiah Berlin of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee for the British Foreign Office stated of Wagner:

a veteran Liberal Tammany statesman, author of the United States labour code and devotee of the New Deal who is respected by the White House for his political acumen within his own State no less than for his political connexions. Greatest champion of the Liberal cause in the United States Senate since [George W.] Norris. A typical anti-Nazi German Democrat who has supported all the Administration measures, being usually well in advance of them.^[10]

His most important legislative achievements include the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933 and the Wagner-Steagall Housing Act of 1937. After the Supreme Court ruled the National Industrial Recovery Act and the National Recovery Administration unconstitutional, Wagner helped pass the National Labor Relations Act (also known as the Wagner Act) in 1935,^[11] a similar but much more expansive bill. The National Labor Relations Act, perhaps Wagner's greatest achievement, was a seminal event in the history of organized labor in the United States. It created the National Labor Relations Board, which mediated disputes between unions and corporations, and greatly expanded the rights of workers by banning many "unfair labor practices" and guaranteeing all workers the right to form a union. He also introduced the Railway Pension Law, and cosponsored the Wagner-O'Day Act, the predecessor to the Javits-Wagner-O'Day Act.

Wagner was instrumental in writing the Social Security Act, and originally introduced it in the United States Senate.

The Wagner-Hatfield amendment to the Communications Act of 1934, aimed at turning over twenty-five percent of all radio channels to non-profit radio broadcasters, did not pass. He also co-sponsored with Rep. Edith Rogers (R-Mass.) the Wagner-Rogers Bill to admit 20,000 Jewish refugees under the age of 14 to the United States from Nazi Germany, but the bill was rejected by the United States Congress in February 1939.

Wagner and Edward P. Costigan sponsored a federal anti-Lynching law. In 1935 attempts were made to persuade President Franklin D. Roosevelt to support the Costigan-Wagner Bill. However, Roosevelt refused to support the bill, not wanting to alienate Southern Democrats in Congress and lose their support for New Deal programs. There were 18 lynchings of blacks in the South in 1935, but after the threat of federal legislation the number fell to eight in 1936, and to two in 1939.

On June 28, 1949, Wagner resigned from the U.S. Senate, due to ill health; John Foster Dulles was appointed by Governor Thomas E. Dewey on July 7, 1949, to temporarily fill the vacancy.

He died on May 4, 1953, in New York City, and was interred in Calvary Cemetery, Queens, New York City

Legacy

His son, Robert F. Wagner, Jr., was Mayor of New York City from 1954 to 1965.

On September 14, 2004, a portrait of Wagner, along with one of Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg, was unveiled in the Senate Reception Room. The new portraits joined a group of distinguished former Senators, including Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun, Robert M. La Follette, Sr., and Robert A. Taft. Portraits of this group of Senators, known as the "Famous Five", were unveiled on March 12, 1959.

The public middle school located at 220 East 76th Street in New York City is named after him.

The former Wagner Hall on the campus of the City College of New York is named for him.^[12]

See also

• US labor law
• Social Security in the United States
• Public housing in the United States

Notes

1. "Robert Ferdinand Wagner". Dictionary of American Biography. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1977. GALE|BT2310001400. Retrieved 2012-02-26 – via Fairfax County Public Library. Gale Biography In Context. (subscription required)
2. "Robert F. Wagner, Sr.". NNDB. Retrieved 2012-02-26. Birthplace: Nastatten, Hessen-Nassau, Germany
3. Robert A. Slayton, Empire statesman: The rise and redemption of Al Smith (2001) ch 6-11
4. J. Joseph. Huthmacher, "Senator Robert F. Wagner and the rise of urban liberalism." American Jewish Historical Quarterly (1969): 330-346. in JSTOR
5. J. Joseph Huthmacher, Senator Robert F. Wagner and the rise of urban liberalism (1968) pp 14-15
6. "Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911)". New York Times. March 11, 2011.
7. Robert Ferdinand Wagner" in Dictionary of American Biography (1977)
8. Robert A. Slayton, Empire Statesman: The Rise and Redemption of Al Smith (2001)
9. Zernike, Kate (December 14, 2006). "Stricken Senate Democrat Undergoes Surgery". New York Times. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
10. Hachey, Thomas E. (Winter 1973–1974). "American Profiles on Capitol Hill: A Confidential Study for the British Foreign Office in 1943" (PDF). Wisconsin Magazine of History 57 (2): 141–153. JSTOR 4634869. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 21, 2013.
11. "U.S. Department of Labor - Labor Hall of Fame - Robert F. Wagner". Retrieved 2012-02-26.
12. “The Lost World of CCNY: Architectural Gems of Our Past: Wagner Hall” at the Wayback Machine (archived June 12, 2010), CCNY Libraries Exhibitions website

Further reading

• Eldot, Paula. "Wagner, Robert F."; American National Biography Online Feb. 2000, Access Feb 22 2015
• "Robert Ferdinand Wagner." Dictionary of American Biography New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1977. Biography in Context. Web. 22 Feb. 2015 online
• Huthmacher, J. Joseph. "Senator Robert F. Wagner and the rise of urban liberalism." American Jewish Historical Quarterly (1969): 330-346. in JSTOR
• Huthmacher, J. Joseph. Senator Robert F. Wagner and the Rise of Urban Liberalism (1968)

External links

• United States Congress. "Robert F. Wagner (id: W000021)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.

Robert F. Wagner at Find a Grave

• Robert F. Wagner political graveyard