Roger Fitzmiles, 2nd Earl of Hereford

Roger Fitzmiles, 2nd Earl of Hereford, (before 1125 – 1155) was an English noble who played an active and influential part in the wars between Empress Matilda and King Stephen (a civil war known as the Anarchy).

Biography

Roger was the son of Miles de Gloucester, 1st Earl of Hereford and Sibyl, daughter of Bernard de Neufmarché.^[1] the heiress of Brecon.

In 1136, Roger married Cecilia, daughter of Pain Fitzjohn,^[2] In December the next year King Stephen confirmed Cecilia's inheritance of all her father's lands.^[1] During the Anarchy Roger acted as an auxiliary to his father's activities, and his consent and support was written into a treaty (1143) between his father and Robert, Earl of Gloucester.^[1]

Roger succeeded his father after he had died in a hunting accident on 24 December 1143 while under excommunication by the church in an edict issued by the Bishop of Hereford.^[3] Roger, who bore hatred to the church for his father's excommunication, and compelled the prior of Llanthony, as a friend of the Bishop of Hereford, to resign.^[4] He even troubled his kinsman, Gilbert Foliot, on his becoming Bishop of Hereford,^[5] and was by him, after three warnings, formally excommunicated.^[6] Subsequently, however,^[7] he founded Flaxley Abbey, a Cistercian house, within the Forest of Dean,^[8] possibly on the spot of his father's death.^{[9][lower-alpha 1]}

In the early part of 1144 Robert was at Devizes with the Empress Matilda,^[10] and he is again found there with her son in 1149,^[11] with whom he marched northwards to Carlisle.^{[12][lower-alpha 2]}

Initially Roger was dominated by Robert, Earl of Gloucester, but gradually the balance of power shifted and when Robert died, Roger became the leader of the Angevin party in England, a point recognised by the terms of a new treaty (1147) between himself and William Fitz Robert (son of Robert) and the 2nd Earl of Gloucester.^[1]

On the accession of Henry (1154) he resisted his authority, but was persuaded (circa March 1155) by the Bishop of Hereford to surrender his castles,^[13] and thereupon received a charter confirming him in almost all his father's possessions.^[14] He was with the king at Bridgnorth in July,^[15] and at Salisbury soon after.^[16]

Roger died without issue in the same year (1155). The Earldom of Hereford became extinct, but the shrievalty of Hereford and Gloucester passed to his brother Walter. On the death of the latter and two other brothers without issue the family possessions passed to their sisters, Bertha through her marriage bringing Abergavenny to Braose, but Margaret, the eldest sister, taking the bulk to the Bohuns afterwards (1199),^[17] in recognition of their descent from Miles, earls of Hereford, and constables of England.^[18]

Assessment

David Crouch who wrote Roger's biography in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography stated "Earl Roger's achievements were transitory, but there is no doubting his central position in English history between 1147 and 1155".^[1]

Family

Roger married Cecily Fitz John, the daughter of Pain fitzJohn in January 1138, who inherited the bulk of her father's possessions.^[19] She remained Countess of Hereford in right of her dower until 1199. She died after 1204.

The earldom of Hereford remained in abeyance from the death of Roger until 28 April 1199 when King John of England recreated it for Henry de Bohun, the grandson of Earl Roger's sister Margaret.^[20]

Notes

1. "The Gloucester Cartulary also shows him as confirming the gifts of his predecessor" (Round 1890, p. 439).
2. "Another duchy deed (Box A) records his formal alliance with William Earl of Gloucester" (Round 1890, p. 440).

1. Crouch 2004, Roger, earl of Hereford (d. 1155)
2. Round 1890, p. 439 cites Duchy Charters.
3. Round 1890, p. 439 cites Gesta, p. 102; Mon. Angl. vi. (1), 133.
4. Round 1890, p. 439 Mon. Angl. vi. (1), p. 133.
5. Round 1890, p. 439 cites Foliot, Letters, No. 6.
6. Round 1890, p. 439 cites Foliot, Letters, No. 78.
7. Round 1890, p. 439 cites temp. Stephen,
8. Round 1890, p. 439 cites Flaxley Cartulary
9. Round 1890, p. 439.
10. Round 1890, p. 440 cites Duchy Charters, No. 19
11. Round 1890, p. 440 cites Brit. Arch. Assoc. xl. 146 [for "Bedford" read "Hereford"]
12. Round 1890, p. 440 cites Gervase.
13. Round 1890, p. 440 cites Gervase.
14. Round 1890, p. 440 cites Cart. 1 John m. 6.
15. Round 1890, p. 440 cites Mon. Angl. v. 483
16. Round 1890, p. 440 cites Journ. Arch. Inst. No. 61, p. 312.
17. Round 1890, p. 440 cites Liber Niger)
18. Round 1890, p. 440.
19. Round 1890, p. 439 cites Duchy Charters.
20. Round & 1890 p. 440.

References

• Crouch, David (2004). "Roger, earl of Hereford (d. 1155)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/47203. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

Attribution

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Round, John Horace (1890). "Gloucester, Miles de". In Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney. Dictionary of National Biography 21. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 438–440. Endnotes:
  • The Archaeological Journal, British Archaeological Association (now the Royal Archaeological Institute)
  • Crawley-Boevey's Cartulary of Flaxley Abbey;
  • Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum;
  • Hearne's Liber Niger;
  • Gilbert Foliot's Letters (in J. A. Giles's Patres Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ);
  • Duchy of Lancaster Charters (Public Record Office);
  • Cartulary of St. Peter's, Gloucester (Rolls Ser.);
  • Gervase of Canterbury (Rolls Ser.);
  • Gesta Stephani in vol. ii. of Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, &c. (Rolls Ser.);