Romanian general election, 2004
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General election were held in Romania on 28 November 2004, with a second round of the presidential election on 12 December between Prime Minister Adrian Năstase of the ruling Social Democratic Party of Romania (PSD) and Traian Băsescu of the opposition Justice and Truth Alliance. Băsescu was elected President by a narrow majority of just 51.2%.[1]
Following 2003 amendments to the constitution which lengthened the presidential term to five years, these were the last joint elections to the presidency and Parliament.
Campaign
Parliamentary elections
The main contenders were the left-wing alliance made up of the incumbent Social Democratic Party of Romania (PSD) and the Romanian Humanist Party (PUR), and, on the other hand, the center-right "Justice and Truth" alliance (Dreptate şi adevăr) comprising the liberal National Liberal Party (Romania) and the reformist Democratic Party (Romania).
Other significant contenders were the Greater Romania Party (PRM) (right-wing nationalists), the ethnic Hungarian party Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR), and the Union for Romanian Reconstruction, a group of right-wing technocrats.
Conduct
The opposition alleged fraudulent use by the PSD of "supplementary lists", designed to help Romanians in transit to vote. Traditionally, Romanians voted with a cardboard identity card, which was stamped when they voted. Most Romanians now have laminated plastic IDs, to which a printed stamp is affixed when a person votes. However, the stamps can be easily removed.
The opposition claimed that there were organized "electoral excursions" of PSD supporters who were bussed to various towns to vote several times. This was corroborated by several teams of journalists, who followed the buses.
The Romanian opposition announced on 30 November that they were demanding a re-run of the election, because some of the void votes were allegedly awarded to the PSD. They showed evidence that some people voted more than once (they found about 750 persons in three counties, but their search of the supplementary lists would continue) and also showed that many of the minutes of the electoral committees were wrongly completed (the sum of the number of valid votes and null votes did not match the number of voters, sometimes by a difference of hundreds or thousands of votes) and the central software not only allowed these contradictory figures, but it also added these differences by default to the PSD. The opposition announced that it had started a parallel count, which showed a PSD-DA difference of only 2% between.
The government attacked the opposition by arguing that 'rumours of fraud' affect Romania's economy and its external credibility.
In January 2005, the IMAS institute of statistics released an analysis of the voting results in the 16,824 precincts. In the top 1,000 precincts with the most votes on the supplementary lists, the PSD had 43% to the DA's 23%, while in the precincts with least votes on supplementary lists, the PSD had 30% to the DA's 34%. The same trend was true in the precincts with most void votes.
Results
President
| Candidate | Party | First round | Second round | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | ||
| Traian Băsescu | PNL-PD | 3,545,236 | 33.9 | 5,126,794 | 51.2 |
| Adrian Năstase | National Union PSD+PUR | 4,278,864 | 40.9 | 4,881,520 | 48.8 |
| Corneliu Vadim Tudor | Greater Romania Party | 1,313,714 | 12.6 | ||
| Béla Markó | Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania | 533,446 | 5.1 | ||
| Gheorghe Ciuhandu | Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party | 198,394 | 1.9 | ||
| Gigi Becali | New Generation Party | 184,560 | 1.8 | ||
| Petre Roman | Democratic Force | 140,702 | 1.4 | ||
| Gheorghe Dinu | Independent | 113,321 | 1.1 | ||
| Marian Petre Miluț | People's Action | 43,378 | 0.4 | ||
| Ovidiu Tudorici | Union for Romanian Reconstruction | 37,910 | 0.4 | ||
| Aurel Rădulescu | Christian Democratic People's Alliance | 35,455 | 0.3 | ||
| Alexandru Raj Tunaru | Democratic Youth Party | 27,225 | 0.3 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 339,010 | – | 103,245 | – | |
| Total | 10,791,215 | 100 | 10,111,559 | 100 | |
| Registered voters/turnout | 18,449,344 | 58.5 | 18,316,104 | 55.2 | |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver | |||||
Parliament
Senate
| Parties and alliances | Votes | % | Seats | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
National Union PSD+PUR (Uniunea Naţională PSD+PUR)
|
3,798,607 | 37.2 | 57 | |||
Justice and Truth Alliance (Alianţa Dreptate si Adevăr)
|
3,250,663 | 31.8 | 49 | |||
| Greater Romania Party (Partidul România Mare) | 1,394,698 | 13.6 | 21 | |||
| Hungarian Democratic Union of Romania (Uniunea Democratică Maghiară din România) | 637,109 | 6.2 | 10 | |||
| New Generation Party (Partidul Noua Generaţie) | 241,486 | 2.4 | - | |||
| Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party (Partidul Naţional Ţărănesc Creştin Democrat) | 196,027 | 1.9 | - | |||
| Total (turnout 56.5%) | 137 | |||||
| Source: Biroul Electoral Central | ||||||
Chamber of Deputies
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Union PSD+PUR | 3,730,352 | 36.61 | 132 | –23 |
| Justice and Truth Alliance | 3,191,546 | 31.33 | 112 | +51 |
| Greater Romania Party | 1,316,751 | 12.92 | 48 | –36 |
| Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania | 628,125 | 6.17 | 22 | –5 |
| New Generation Party | 227,443 | 2.23 | 0 | 0 |
| Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party | 188,268 | 1.85 | 0 | New |
| Democratic Force Party of Romania | 79,376 | 0.78 | 0 | New |
| Ecologist Party of Romania | 73,001 | 0.72 | 0 | 0 |
| Social Democratic Roma Party of Romania | 56,076 | 0.55 | 1 | 0 |
| Romanian National Unity Party | 53,222 | 0.52 | 0 | |
| People's Action Party | 48,152 | 0.47 | 0 | New |
| United Socialist Party | 44,459 | 0.44 | 0 | New |
| Democratic Forum of Germans | 36,166 | 0.35 | 1 | 0 |
| Romanian Workers' Party | 35,278 | 0.35 | 0 | New |
| Union for Romanian Reconstruction | 32,749 | 0.32 | 0 | New |
| Socialist Alliance Party | 28,429 | 0.28 | 0 | New |
| Romanian Socialist Party | 28,034 | 0.28 | 0 | 0 |
| National Christian Democratic Party | 27,650 | 0.27 | 0 | New |
| New Democracy Party | 20,926 | 0.21 | 0 | New |
| Social Democratic Party "Constantin Titel Petrescu" | 20,318 | 0.20 | 0 | 0 |
| People's Alliance of Christian Democrats | 18,594 | 0.18 | 0 | New |
| Democratic Youth Party | 16,271 | 0.16 | 0 | New |
| Bulgarian Union of Banat–Romania | 15,283 | 0.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Third Millennium Party | 15,109 | 0.15 | 0 | New |
| Alliance for a United Romania | 15,041 | 0.15 | 0 | New |
| Party for the Motherland | 14,882 | 0.15 | 0 | 0 |
| Union of the Ukrainians of Romania | 10,888 | 0.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Community of the Lippovan Russians in Romania | 10,562 | 0.10 | 1 | 0 |
| Union of Croatians of Romania | 10,331 | 0.10 | 1 | 0 |
| Union of Armenians of Romania | 9,810 | 0.10 | 1 | 0 |
| Association of Macedonians of Romania | 9,750 | 0.10 | 1 | 0 |
| Cultural Association of Slavonic Macedonians of Romania | 9,595 | 0.09 | 0 | New |
| Federation of the Jewish Communities in Romania | 8,449 | 0.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Democratic Union of Croatians of Romania | 7,769 | 0.08 | 0 | 0 |
| Democratic Turkish Union of Romania | 7,715 | 0.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Ethnic Turks Association | 7,396 | 0.07 | 0 | New |
| Hellenic Union of Romania | 7,161 | 0.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Union of Serbs of Romania | 6,643 | 0.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Turco-Muslim Union of Romania | 6,517 | 0.06 | 0 | New |
| Democratic Union of Turkish-Muslim Tatars | 6,452 | 0.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Democratic Association of Slavonic Macedonians of Romania | 6,344 | 0.06 | 0 | New |
| Bulgarian Cultural Association of Romania | 6,240 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 |
| Association of Italians of Romania | 6,168 | 0.06 | 1 | New |
| Democratic Union of Slovaks and Czechs of Romania | 5,950 | 0.06 | 1 | 0 |
| Union of Poles of Romania | 5,473 | 0.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Italian Community of Romania | 5,181 | 0.05 | 0 | –1 |
| Cultural Union of Poles of Romania | 5,159 | 0.05 | 0 | New |
| League of Albanians of Romania | 5,011 | 0.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Bratstvo Community of Bulgarians in Romania | 4,065 | 0.04 | 0 | 0 |
| Cultural Union of Ruthenians of Romania | 2,871 | 0.03 | 1 | 0 |
| People's Party of Romania | 2,336 | 0.02 | 0 | New |
| Force of Justice | 1,123 | 0.01 | 0 | New |
| Independents | 51,646 | 0.51 | 0 | 0 |
| Invalid/blank votes | 599,641 | – | – | – |
| Total | 10,787,450 | 100 | 332 | –13 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 18,449,344 | 58.47 | – | – |
| Source: Nohlen & Stöver, Global Elections Database | ||||
Aftermath
On 13 December, the PUR president Dan Voiculescu hinted that they have more in common with the DA (both have a center-right orientation) and that they might break from the PSD, but one day later said that he would remain with PSD. It has been suggested by the press that this could be result of a blackmail about his communist past. By 25 December both UDMR and PUR signed a protocol of alliance with DA (Justice and Truth), with the designated prime minister being Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu. Thus, the PSD was left in opposition while Justice and Truth, the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania and the Humanist Party (now the Conservative Party) formed the government.
References
External links
- Central Electoral Bureau (Romanian)
- Fraud worries in Romanian poll BBC News
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