Ronnie Peterson

Ronnie Peterson

Peterson at the 1978 Dutch Grand Prix
Born	14 February 1944 Örebro, Sweden
Died	11 September 1978 (aged 34) Milan, Italy
Formula One World Championship career
Nationality	Swedish
Active years	1970–1978
Teams	March inc. non-works, Tyrrell, Lotus
Entries	123
Championships	0
Wins	10
Podiums	26
Career points	206
Pole positions	14
Fastest laps	9
First entry	1970 Monaco Grand Prix
First win	1973 French Grand Prix
Last win	1978 Austrian Grand Prix
Last entry	1978 Italian Grand Prix

Bengt Ronnie Peterson (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈrɔni ˈpɛtɛˈʂon]; 14 February 1944 – 11 September 1978) was a Swedish racing driver. Known by the nickname 'SuperSwede',^[1][2] he was a two-time runner-up in the FIA Formula One World Drivers' Championship.

Peterson began his motor racing career in kart racing, traditionally the discipline where the majority of race drivers begin their careers in open-wheel racing. After winning a number of karting titles, including two Swedish titles in 1963 and 1964, he moved on to Formula Three, where he won the Monaco Grand Prix Formula Three support race for the 1969 Grand Prix. Later that year he won the European Formula Three Championship and moved up into Formula One, racing for the March factory team. In his three-year spell with the team, he took six podiums, most of which were scored during the 1971 Formula One season in which he also finished as runner-up in the Drivers' Championship.

After seeing out his three-year contract at March, Peterson joined Colin Chapman's Team Lotus in the 1973 season, partnering defending champion Emerson Fittipaldi. During his first two seasons with Lotus, Peterson took seven victories, scoring a career-best 52 points in 1973. After a poor 1975 season, Peterson moved back to March and scored his final victory for the team at the 1976 Italian Grand Prix. After spending the 1977 season with Tyrrell, he moved back to Lotus for the 1978 season as "number two" driver to Mario Andretti. Peterson scored two wins, at the South African and Austrian Grand Prix races, and would finish second in the Drivers' Championship standings despite his fatal first-lap accident at Monza during the Italian Grand Prix.^[3]

Early life

Peterson was born in Almby in the vicinity of Örebro, Sweden. He developed his driving style at a young age while competing in karting, and rapidly worked his way up to the pinnacle of European karting before switching to cars.

Formulas Three and Two

After his karting years, Peterson entered Formula Three racing in the Svebe, a 1-litre, Brabham-derived Formula car he co-designed with his father Bengt (who was a baker) and Sven Andersson.

Superb results from the outset quickly attracted the attention of the ambitious Tecno company from Italy, who signed him in 1968. The pairing produced some fine results, and he won the 1969 Formula Three Championship.

Even after his elevation to F1 status Peterson still drove in lower echelon racing series (which was common at the time), winning the 1971 European Formula Two Championship driving for March.

Formula One

Early years

Peterson having a conversation with Colin Crabbe at the 1970 Dutch Grand Prix.

Peterson at Hockenheim in 1971 for a F2 race.

Peterson made his Grand Prix debut in a March 701 for Colin Crabbe's works-supported Antique Automobiles Racing Team at the 1970 Monaco Grand Prix. The limited budget of Crabbe's privateer team allowed only minimal testing, but Peterson qualified 12th out of 16 cars in the race. He was 10 places behind Jackie Stewart and Chris Amon, both on the front row of the grid in their newer specification 701s, but only just behind the more experienced Jo Siffert in the second works March. Peterson was the only March driver to finish the race, in seventh place.^[4] In 1971 Peterson moved up to the full March works team, and made an instant impression. Five Formula One Grand Prix second places earned him the position of runner-up to Jackie Stewart in that year's World Championship. Within that year, Peterson drove in the World Sports Car Championship driving an Autodelta Alfa Romeo to win the Watkins Glen 6 hours.^[5] Peterson stayed at March until 1973, when he signed for John Player Team Lotus to partner Emerson Fittipaldi.

1973–1976

Peterson in the Lotus 72 at the 1973 Dutch Grand Prix.

Peterson at the 1974 British Grand Prix

Peterson's first Grand Prix win was at the 1973 French Grand Prix, held at Paul Ricard, in a Lotus 72. There were three more wins that year, in Austria, Italy and the United States, but poor reliability restricted him to only third place in the World Championship at season's end.^[6]

For 1974, the Lotus 76 was brought forth. The car, however, proved to be a complete failure, disliked by both Peterson and his team mate Ickx. The team therefore opted to let them drive the near-ancient Lotus 72:s. Peterson did well in the old car and yielded three more victories: the French and Italian Grands Prix, as well as the Monaco Grand Prix, the premier event of Formula One.^[2]

Ronnie Peterson at Silverstone in 1975.

1975 was a bad year for Lotus. Peterson and Ickx were forced to drive with the now archaic 72 model, whose age was now really beginning to show.

Peterson had signed for Shadow but Lotus owner Colin Chapman convinced him to stay with Lotus due to a promise Chapman made to accelerate the rate of development on the Lotus 77. He drove the first race of 1976 in the Lotus 77 before rejoining March Engineering. Driving the March 761, he won the Italian Grand Prix.^[5]

He also continued to drive sports cars, particularly for BMW in 1974 and 1975. For instance, he was paired with Hans-Joachim Stuck in a BMW 3.0 CSL for the South African "Wynn's 1000" in November 1975, where they started on pole but finished in second after a number of stops with engine vibrations, spark plug, and similar problems.^[7] Stuck and Peterson together for BMW in Europe, Africa, and also in North America.

1977–1978

Peterson driving the Tyrrell P34B at the 1977 Race of Champions.

In 1977, he raced for Tyrrell, driving the six-wheel Tyrrell P34B. His only podium finish was a third place at the Belgian Grand Prix.

Peterson surprised many by leaving Tyrrell to return to John Player Team Lotus for 1978. He won the 1978 South African Grand Prix, with a last-lap victory over Patrick Depailler, as well as the Austrian Grand Prix, in the innovative 'ground effect' Lotus 79. His teammate Mario Andretti won the Drivers' Championship with Peterson acting effectively as the Team "No. 2" with the pair scoring four 1–2 wins, all with Mario at the lead. Both of Peterson's wins occurred when Andretti encountered trouble, with Mario winning once when Peterson failed to finish (not including the Italian Grand Prix). Many times Peterson followed Andretti closely home, leading to speculation that 'Team Orders' were in place.

Throughout the 1970s Peterson had the reputation of being the fastest driver in F1 in terms of raw speed.^[8] During the 1978 season Andretti would frequently post the faster qualifying time. Perhaps refusing to believe the American could beat Peterson in a head to head contest, many came to believe that team orders extended even to qualifying. Another view, held by some contemporary observers, was that while Peterson may have in fact been the outright quicker of the two, it was Andretti's considerable car development skills that brought the recalcitrant Lotus 78 and 79 to full potential, and Peterson's seeming deference to Andretti was a tacit acknowledgement of this. Despite this, Peterson was offered a seat at McLaren at 1979.^[9] To his credit, Peterson refused to contribute to any controversy, and on numerous occasions dismissed the speculation by stating that Andretti had simply turned the faster time.

Death

Peterson just hours before the 1978 Italian Grand Prix at Monza.

The 1978 Italian Grand Prix at Monza started badly for Peterson. In practice he damaged his Lotus 79 race car beyond immediate repair and bruised his legs in the process. Team Lotus had a spare 79, but it had been built for Andretti, and the taller Peterson did not fit comfortably inside. The team's only other car was a type 78, the previous year's car, which had been dragged around the F1 circuit that season with minimal maintenance.

At the start of the race, the race starter threw the green light before the field was ready. The cars from fourth row rearwards (Peterson started from the third) were still rolling when the green light came on and got a jump on those ahead, resulting in an accordion effect as the cars approached the chicane, bunching them tightly together. The front four, Andretti, Villeneuve, Jabouille and Lauda, were far enough ahead to avoid any drama, but Peterson had made a poor start from fifth and was immediately passed by Alan Jones, Jacques Laffite and John Watson.

Jody Scheckter and Riccardo Patrese, starting 10th and 12th, had moved to the right across the line that separated the Grand Prix front straight from the approach to the old Monza banking. While Scheckter's Wolf was able to rejoin the track well ahead of the bunching pack, Patrese moved back in just ahead of James Hunt, who feinted left and collided with Peterson, with Vittorio Brambilla, Carlos Reutemann, Hans-Joachim Stuck, Patrick Depailler, Didier Pironi, Derek Daly, Clay Regazzoni and Brett Lunger all involved in the ensuing melee.^[10]

Peterson's Lotus went into the barriers hard and caught fire before bouncing back into the middle of the track. He was trapped in the burning wreck, but Hunt, Regazzoni and Depailler managed to free him before he received more than minor burns, while track marshals were extinguishing the car. He was dragged free and laid in the middle of the track fully conscious, his severe leg injuries obvious to all. Hunt later said he stopped Peterson from looking at his legs to spare him further distress.

At the time there was more concern for Brambilla, who was hit on the head by a flying wheel and was slumped comatose in his car (he later recovered and drove on in F1 until 1980). Peterson's life was not seen to be in any danger. Sid Watkins and his medical team headed over to Brambilla's car to extract him from the wreckage. The injured drivers along with Peterson were taken to a hospital in Milan and the race was restarted when the track had been cleaned up.^[11]

At the hospital, Peterson's X-rays showed he had seven fractures in one leg and three in the other. After discussion with him, Peterson was sent to intensive care so that the surgeons would be allowed to operate to stabilize the bones.^[12] There was some level of dispute between the physicians regarding whether all fractures should be immediately fixed or not.^[13] During the night, Peterson's condition worsened, he was diagnosed with fat embolism.^[14] By morning he was in full renal failure and was declared dead at 9:55am on 11 September 1978.^[11] The cause of death was given as fat embolism.^[14][15]

Teammate Mario Andretti clinched the championship at the race.^[16] "It was so unfair to have a tragedy connected with probably what should have been the happiest day of my career", Andretti said, "I couldn't celebrate, but also, I knew that trophy would be with me forever. And I knew also that Ronnie would have been happy for me".^[16]

The statue of Ronnie Peterson in Almby, Örebro, was unveiled in August 2003.

Peterson ran a total of 123 Grand Prix races during his career, winning ten of them.

At his funeral, the pallbearers included Ken Tyrrell, Colin Chapman, James Hunt, Jody Scheckter, John Watson, Emerson Fittipaldi, Gunnar Nilsson and Niki Lauda.^[8][17]

In 1979, George Harrison paid tribute to him with a song and music video called "Faster".

Legacy

Peterson's widow Barbro (née Edwardsson) never got over his death and committed suicide on 19 December 1987. She was buried alongside Ronnie in the Peterson family grave in Örebro.^[18] She and Ronnie had a daughter named Nina Louise (named after Jochen Rindt's wife) who was born in November 1975.^[18][19]

There is a statue of Peterson in Örebro, by Richard Brixel. The official Ronnie Peterson museum was officially opened by Ronnie's daughter, Nina Kennedy, in Örebro on 31 May 2008. It closed in October 2009 because it was unable to secure government funding.^[20]

During the 2014 Monaco Grand Prix fellow Swedish racing driver Marcus Ericsson wore a special helmet in tribute to Peterson which was designed after Peterson's very own.

Complete Formula One World Championship results

(key) (races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Year	Entrant	Chassis	Engine	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	WDC	Pts.
1970	Antique Automobiles Racing Team	March 701	Cosworth V8	RSA	ESP	MON 7	BEL NC														NC	0
	Colin Crabbe Racing							NED 9	FRA Ret	GBR 9	GER Ret	AUT	ITA Ret	CAN NC	USA 11	MEX
1971	STP March Racing Team	March 711	Cosworth V8	RSA 10	ESP Ret	MON 2	NED 4		GBR 2	GER 5	AUT 8	ITA 2	CAN 2	USA 3							2nd	33
			Alfa Romeo V8					FRA Ret
1972	STP March Racing Team	March 721	Cosworth V8	ARG 6	RSA 5																9th	12
		March 721X				ESP Ret	MON 11	BEL 9
		March 721G							FRA 5	GBR 7	GER 3	AUT 12	ITA 9	CAN DSQ	USA 4
1973	John Player Team Lotus	Lotus 72D	Cosworth V8	ARG Ret	BRA Ret	RSA 11															3rd	52
		Lotus 72E					ESP Ret	BEL Ret	MON 3	SWE 2	FRA 1	GBR 2	NED 11	GER Ret	AUT 1	ITA 1	CAN Ret	USA 1
1974	John Player Team Lotus	Lotus 72E	Cosworth V8	ARG 13	BRA 6				MON 1	SWE Ret	NED 8	FRA 1	GBR 10		AUT Ret	ITA 1	CAN 3	USA Ret			5th	35
		Lotus 76				RSA Ret	ESP Ret	BEL Ret						GER 4
1975	John Player Team Lotus	Lotus 72E	Cosworth V8	ARG Ret	BRA 15	RSA 10	ESP Ret	MON 4	BEL Ret	SWE 9	NED 15	FRA 10	GBR Ret	GER Ret	AUT 5	ITA Ret	USA 5				13th	6
1976	John Player Team Lotus	Lotus 77	Cosworth V8	BRA Ret																	11th	10
	March Engineering	March 761			RSA Ret		ESP Ret	BEL Ret	MON Ret	SWE 7	FRA 19	GBR Ret	GER Ret	AUT 6	NED Ret	ITA 1	CAN 9	USA Ret	JPN Ret
	Theodore Racing					USW 10
1977	Elf Team Tyrrell	Tyrrell P34B	Cosworth V8	ARG Ret	BRA Ret	RSA Ret	USW Ret	ESP 8	MON Ret	BEL 3	SWE Ret	FRA 12	GBR Ret	GER 9	AUT 5	NED Ret	ITA 6	USA 16	CAN Ret	JPN Ret	14th	7
1978	John Player Team Lotus	Lotus 78	Cosworth V8	ARG 5	BRA Ret	RSA 1	USW 4	MON Ret	BEL 2								ITA Ret	USA	CAN		2nd	51
		Lotus 79								ESP 2	SWE 3	FRA 2	GBR Ret	GER Ret	AUT 1	NED 2

References

Journals

• Henry, Alan (October 2008). "My Mate Ronnie". Motor Sport 48 (10): 58–64.

Internet

• Nyberg, R. & Diepraam, M. 2000. Super Swede. 8W, January 2000.

Citations

1. "Formula 1's Greatest Drivers – Ronnie Peterson". autosport.com.
2. "Forgotten Heroes of Formula One: Ronnie Peterson". bleacherreport. Retrieved 1 August 2008.
3. "Ronnie Peterson Profile". grandprix.com.
4. Lawrence, Mike (1989) The Story of March ; Four guys and a telephone Aston Publishing Ltd. p.36 ISBN 0-946627-24-X
5. "8W – Who? – Ronnie Peterson". 8W Forix.
6. "Ronnie Peterson-a future champion". The Glasgow Herald. 31 October 1973. p. 4.
7. Thompson, Andrew; Howard, Tony (December 1975). "Zak the giant killer". SA Motor (Cape Town, South Africa: Scott Publications): 33–37.
8. "30 years on: remembering Ronnie Peterson". formula1.com. Retrieved 11 September 2008.
9. "Ronnie Peterson: Driver Profile". ESPN.
10. "Driver Dies After Crash". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 12 September 1978. p. 18.
11. "Ronnie Peterson dies from crash". The Morning Record and Journal. 12 September 1978. p. 10.
12. "The Death of Ronnie Peterson: What Really Happened at Monza in 1978". atlasf1.
13. http://www.ronniepeterson.se/subc/eng/operationen.html
14. http://www.ronniepeterson.se/subc/eng/dodsbudet.html
15. http://www.motorsportmemorial.org/focus.php?db=ct&n=313
16. Larry Schwartz. "Super Mario had speed to burn". ESPN. Retrieved 2007-07-12.
17. "The Funeral". www.ronniepeterson.se. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
18. The Official Ronnie Peterson Website
19. Formula 1 complete – all access F1 – Peterson, Ronnie
20. http://f1mv.se/ronnie_peterson_museum.htm (in Swedish)

External links

• The Official Ronnie Peterson Website