RprA RNA

RprA RNA
Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of RprA
Identifiers
Symbol RprA
Rfam RF00034
Other data
RNA type Gene; sRNA
Domain(s) Bacteria
SO 0000387

The RprA RNA gene encodes a 106 nucleotide regulatory non-coding RNA. Translational regulation of the stationary phase sigma factor RpoS is mediated by the formation of a double-stranded RNA stem-loop structure in the upstream region of the rpoS messenger RNA, occluding the translation initiation site. [1] [2] Clones carrying rprA (RpoS regulator RNA A) increased the translation of RpoS. As with DsrA, RprA is predicted to form three stem-loops. Thus, at least two small RNAs, DsrA and RprA, participate in the positive regulation of RpoS translation. RprA also appears to bind to the RpoS leader.[3] RprA is non-essential.[4] Wasserman et al. demonstrated that this RNA is bound by the Hfq protein.[5] Binding to Hfq alters the conformation of RprA.[6] In the presence of Hfq the stability of RprA is influenced by the osmolarity of the cell, this is dependent on the endoribonuclease RNase E.[7]

It has been shown the RprA regulates the protein coding genes, called csgD, this protein encodes a stationary phase-induced biofilm regulator and ydaM, which encodes a diguanylate cyclase involved in activating csgD transcription. These two target genes are repressed by RprA which results in regulation of biofilm formation.[8]

References

  1. ↑ Updegrove T, Wilf N, Sun X, Wartell RM (2008). "Effect of Hfq on RprA-rpoS mRNA pairing: Hfq-RNA binding and the influence of the 5' rpoS mRNA leader region.". Biochemistry 47 (43): 11184–95. doi:10.1021/bi800479p. PMID 18826256.
  2. ↑ Jones AM, Goodwill A, Elliott T (2006). "Limited Role for the DsrA and RprA Regulatory RNAs in rpoS Regulation in Salmonella enterica". J Bacteriol 188 (14): 5077–88. doi:10.1128/JB.00206-06. PMC 1539969. PMID 16816180.
  3. ↑ Majdalani, N; Hernandez D; Gottesman S (2002). "Regulation and mode of action of the second small RNA activator of RpoS translation, RprA". Mol Microbiol 46 (3): 813–826. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03203.x. PMID 12410838.
  4. ↑ Majdalani, N; Chen S; Murrow J; St John K; Gottesman S (2001). "Regulation of RpoS by a novel small RNA: the characterization of RprA". Mol Microbiol 39 (5): 1382–1394. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2001.02329.x. PMID 11251852.
  5. ↑ Wassarman KM, Repoila F, Rosenow C, Storz G, Gottesman S (2001). "Identification of novel small RNAs using comparative genomics and microarrays". Genes Dev. 15 (13): 1637–51. doi:10.1101/gad.901001. PMC 312727. PMID 11445539.
  6. ↑ Henderson, CA; Vincent, HA; Casamento, A; Stone, CM; Phillips, JO; Cary, PD; Sobott, F; Gowers, DM; Taylor, JE; Callaghan, AJ (August 2013). "Hfq binding changes the structure of Escherichia coli small noncoding RNAs OxyS and RprA, which are involved in the riboregulation of rpoS.". RNA (New York, N.Y.) 19 (8): 1089–104. doi:10.1261/rna.034595.112. PMID 23804244.
  7. ↑ Madhugiri R, Basineni SR, Klug G (2010). "Turn-over of the small non-coding RNA RprA in E. coli is influenced by osmolarity". Mol Genet Genomics 284 (4): 307–18. doi:10.1007/s00438-010-0568-x. PMID 20717695.
  8. ↑ Mika F, Busse S, Possling A, Berkholz J, Tschowri N, Sommerfeldt N, Pruteanu M, Hengge R (2012). "Targeting of csgD by the small regulatory RNA RprA links stationary phase, biofilm formation and cell envelope stress in Escherichia coli.". Mol Microbiol 84 (1): 51–65. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.08002.x. PMID 22356413.

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