SIGINT Activity Designator

A SIGINT Activity Designator (or SIGAD) identifies a signals intelligence (SIGINT) line of collection activity associated with a signals collection station, such as a base or a ship. For example, the SIGAD for Menwith Hill in the UK is USD1000.^[1] SIGADs are used by the signals intelligence agencies of the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.^[2]

Snapshot of Boundless Informant global heat map of data collection

There are several thousand SIGADs including the substation SIGADs denoted with a trailing alpha character. Several dozen of these are significant.^[3] The leaked Boundless Informant reporting screenshot showed that it summarized 504 active SIGADs during a 30-day period in March 2013.^[4]

General Format

A SIGAD consists of five to eight case insensitive alphanumeric characters.^[5] It takes the general form of an alphanumeric designator normally composed of a two- or three-letter prefix followed by one to three numbers. Often a dash is used to separate the alphabetic and numeric characters in the primary part of the designator, but less frequently a space is used as a separator or the alphabetic and numeric characters are concatenated together. An additional alphabetic character can be added to denote a sub-designator for a subset of the primary unit, such as a detachment. Lastly, a numeric character can be added after the aforementioned alphabetic to provide for a sub-sub-designator.

In the examples below an X represents an alphabetic character and an N represents a numeric character that are part of the primary designator. Likewise, an x represents an alphabetic character and an n represents a numeric character that are part of a sub-designator. Here are valid generalized examples of SIGADs:

XX-N XX-NN XX-NNN XX-NNNN

XXX-N XXX-NN XXX-NNN XXX-NNNN

XX-Nx XX-Nxn XX-NNx XX-NNxn

XX-NNNx XX-NNNxn XX-NNNNx XX-NNNNxn

XXX-Nx XXX-Nxn XXX-NNx XXX-NNxn

XXX-NNNx XXX-NNNxn XXX-NNNNx XXX-NNNNxn

The first two characters show which country operates the particular SIGINT facility, which can be US for the United States, UK for the United Kingdom, CA for Canada, AU for Australia and NZ for New Zealand. A third letter shows what sort of staff runs the station. SIGADs beginning with US without a third letter are used for intercept facilities run by the NSA.^[2]

PRISM SIGAD

One prominent SIGAD as of April 2013 is US-984XN, with an unclassified codename of PRISM. It is "the number one source of raw intelligence used for NSA analytic reports" according to National Security Agency sources in a document leaked by Edward Snowden.^[6] The President's Daily Brief, an all-source intelligence product, cited SIGAD US-984XN as a source in 1,477 items in 2012.^[7] The U.S. government operates the PRISM electronic surveillance collection program through NSA's Special Source Operations, an alliance with trusted telecommunications providers.^[6]

SIGADs for spy ships

The declassifed SIGAD for the USS Liberty (AGTR-5) was USN-855.^[8] The USS Liberty incident occurred on 8 June 1967, during the Six-Day War, when Israeli Air Force jet fighter aircraft and Israeli Navy motor torpedo boats attacked the USS Liberty in international waters.

The USS Pueblo (AGER-2) was a technical research ship, which was boarded and captured by North Korean forces on 23 January 1968, in what is known as the Pueblo incident. The declassified SIGAD for the NSA Direct Support Unit (DSU) from the Naval Security Group (NSG) on the USS Pueblo patrol involved in the incident was USN-467Y.^[9] The USS Pueblo, which officially remains a commissioned vessel of the United States Navy,^[10] is the only ship of the U.S. Navy currently being held captive.^[11]

Vietnam War SIGADs

The following are the Vietnam War era declassified SIGADs from inside South Vietnam during the period of 1969 to 1975:^[12]

USA-32 Danang USN-414 Danang USA-522J Cam Ranh Bay USA-561 Tan Son Nhuh USA-562 Phu Cat USA-563 Danang USM-604 Nha Trang

USM-605 Camp Eagle USM-607 Can Tho USM-613 Nha Tranh USM-616 Xuan Loc USM-624 Long Thanh USM-626 Bien Hoa USM-628 Bien Roa

USM-631 Phouc Vinh USM-633 Cu Chi USM-634 Pleiku USM-636 Di An USM-638 Cam Ranh Bay USM-645 Quang Tri USM-649 Chu Lai

USM-653 Nha Trang USM-704 Saigon USM-794 Saigon USM-808 Phu Bai USN-842 Phu Bai USN-843 Danang

Some locations have multiple SIGADs due to different types of collection activities and/or collection at different times during the period. The SIGADs beginning with USA were operated by the United States Air Force's United States Air Force Security Service (USAFSS). The SIGADs beginning with USM were operated by the United States Army's Army Security Agency (ASA). Lastly, the SIGADs beginning with USN were operated by the United States Navy's Naval Security Group (NAVSECGRU). All three of these units have been merged into other units or inactivated.^[12]

The above list consists of the higher echelon SIGINT designator address. It does not include the numerous miscellaneous and temporary detachments, or Direction Finding stations belonging to major units or sites unless that detachment or site was the only one stationed in South Vietnam. Many of the "dets" were short-lived, often formed to support ongoing MACV operations or forward deployments of combat operational or maneuver units.^[12]

These detachments usually were designated by a letter suffix attached to the higher echelon SIGINT address, such as "USM-633J," which was a detachment of the 372d Radio Research Company, USM-633, supporting the United States Army's 25th Infantry Division.^[12]

Supporting Southeast Asia SIGADs

The following declassified SIGADs were highly relevant to the Vietnam Campaign, but were located in areas outside of South Vietnam in Southeast Asia.^[13]

USM-7 7th RRFS, Ramasun Station, Udon Thani Province, Thailand USM-9 USASA 9 RRFS, Philippines USN-27 The U.S. Naval Communication Station Philippines, San Miguel, Philippines USA-29 7th RRFS, 6994th SS, Udorn Royal Thai Air Force Base, Udorn, Thailand USA-57 6922nd Security Wing (SW), 6925 Security Squadron, Clark AFB, Philippines USN-467N USS Maddox

Again, detachments are not listed separately. In the case of the USS Maddox, naval Direct Support Units (DSUs) used the SIGAD USN-467 as a generic designator for their missions. Each specific patrol received a letter suffix for its duration. The subsequent mission would receive the next letter in an alphabetic sequence. Thus, SIGAD USN-467N specifically designates the USS Maddox patrol involved with the Gulf of Tonkin incident.^[14][15]

Joint Base SIGADs

In November 2005, the US Congress performed a fifth round of Base Realignment and Closure. This 2005 law also created twelve joint bases by merging adjacent installations belonging to different services in an effort to reduce costs and improve efficiencies.^[16][17]

Joint bases with a primarily SIGINT mission have SIGADs that begin with USJ. A joint base would have a primary SIGAD in the general form of USJ-NNN, where NNN are numeric characters. An actual example is not given, since these units are currently active.

See also

• Boundless Informant
• National Security Agency
• United States Intelligence Community

References

1. "INTERCEPTION CAPABILITIES - IMPACT AND EXPLOITATION: Paper 1 - Echelon and its role in COMINT" (PDF). 2001-01-23. Retrieved 2013-06-06.
2. Top Level Telecommunications: SIGINT Activity Designators
3. "Ragtime: Code name of NSA’s Secret Domestic Intelligence Program Revealed in New Book". 2013-02-27. Retrieved 06-11-2013. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
4. Glenn Greenwald and Ewen MacAskill (2013-06-11). "Boundless Informant: the NSA's secret tool to track global surveillance data | World news | guardian.co.uk". Guardian. Retrieved 2013-06-11.
5. "ACP 133 Common Content and LDAP". 22 September 2000. Retrieved 2013-06-24.
6. "NSA slides explain the PRISM data-collection program". 2013-06-06. Retrieved 2013-06-06.
7. "Prism scandal: Government program secretly probes Internet servers". June 7, 2013.
8. "Richard W. Hickman Interview" (PDF). 1980-04-30. p. 8. Retrieved 06-12-2013. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
9. "USS Pueble AGER 2: Background Information" (PDF). p. 10. Retrieved 2013-06-13.
10. "Naval Vessel Register Web page on USS Pueblo – AGER-2". Nvr.navy.mil. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
11. "List of active ships". Naval Vessel Register. NAVSEA Shipbuilding Support Office. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
12. "Spartans in Darkness:American SIGINT and the Indochina war, 1945-1975" (PDF). 1998-02-24. p. 398. Retrieved 06-11-2013. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
13. "Spartans in Darkness:American SIGINT and the Indochina war, 1945-1975" (PDF). 1998-02-24. pp. 498–500. Retrieved 06-11-2013. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
14. "Skunks, Bogies, Silent Hounds, and the Flying Fish: The Gulf of Tonkin Mystery, 2-4 August 1964" (PDF). 1996-02-24. p. 50. Retrieved 06-11-2013. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
15. William Gerhard (June 1969). In the Shadow of War (To the Gulf of Tonkin), Cryptologic History Series, Southeast Asia. National Security Agency. p. 51.
16. "BRAC JOINT BASING LAW". 2008-05-13. Retrieved 06-12-2013. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
17. "DOD JOINT BASES: Management Improvements Needed to Achieve Greater Efficiencies" (PDF). November 2012. Retrieved 06-12-2013. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)

External links

• List of SIGINT Activity Designators
• 10 Things You Didn’t Know About The National Security Agency Surveillance Program (28 February 2013)