Saint-Gervais–Vallorcine railway

Ligne de Saint Gervais - Vallorcine
A Z 800 trainset runs over the Sainte-Marie viaduct in summer 2001.
Overview
Locale	Haute-Savoie
Termini	Gare de Saint-Gervais-les-Bains-Le Fayet Vallorcine
Technical
Track gauge	1,000 mm (3 ft 3 ³⁄₈ in)
Electrification	850 V, DC side contact third rail
Highest elevation	1,365 m (4,478 ft)
Maximum incline	9%
Rack system	None

The Saint-Gervais-Vallorcine Line is a single-track 36.5 km (22.7 mi) long metre gauge railway in France connecting SNCF's Saint-Gervais-Le Fayet station with Vallorcine and the border with Switzerland (Le Châtelard^[1]) through Chamonix. Opened in 1901 by the Chemins de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée, it is part of the main SNCF network as far as Vallorcine. To Le Châtelard (3 km or 1.86 mi) is run by the Swiss company TMR, which also operates the Martigny–Châtelard railway).

Connections

At Saint-Gervais-les-Bains Le Fayet, with the standard gauge SNCF line from Aix-les-Bains viah Annecy and la Roche-sur-Foron (including TGVs from Paris in the winter); and the Mont Blanc Tramway (TMB) rack railway.
At Chamonix, with the Montenvers Railway, a rack railway.
In Switzerland, at Le Châtelard, with the Martigny-Châtelard rack railway, which continues to Martigny where it connects with the Lausanne–Brig line of the CFF.

Technical information

Track gauge: 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 ³⁄₈ in).
Profile: uphill from the Saint-Gervais-Le Fayet (altitude: 580.95 m or 1,906.0 ft) to the col des Montets tunnel (altitude 1,365 m or 4,478 ft) then downhill to the border (altitude 1,100 m or 3,609 ft). The steepest grade, between Servoz and les Houches is 9% over 2,000 m (6,562 ft), a record for an adhesion railway. On the steepest sections (4% and more), it had a central rail for braking (and keeping trains immobile in case of electric black-outs), through jaws gripping the rail; it was removed around 1980.
Electrification through side-contact third rail at 850 V (580 V originally) direct current.
Main structures:
- Three viaducts, including the Sainte-Marie viaduct in the Houches over the Arve
- Several anti-avalanche galleries
- Col des Montets tunnel, 1,883 m (6,178 ft) long.
Control: A command post, named PC Éclair (ECLAIR, or “lightning”, standing for Exploitation Centralisée des Lignes Assistée par Informatique et Radio, which translates to Centralised Control of the Lines Assisted by Computers and Radio), installed in 1991 at Saint-Gervais station, allows centralised control with the help of radio and computers.

Rolling stock

Three Z 850 electric multiple units (EMUs) made by Stadler. Three additional trainsets were slated to arrive before 2008.
Five Z 800 105-seat EMUs, delivered in 1997 by ADTranz and Vevey Technologies in a joint purchase with the Martigny-Châtelard. This 1000 kW stock, composed of two motor cars, can run at 70 km/h (43.5 mph); it is rack and pinion equipped, and has pantographs in addition to 3rd rail equipment, so that it run to Martigny.
Eight Z 600 EMUs and four additional trailers (some out of service), used in busy periods.
Snowploughs:
- Z 691 (electric)
- Beilhack CN4 (diesel)
The original Z 200 motor cars have been retired.
Service wagons: Flats (U 20201 - U 20203) and ballast-carrying (U 20204 and U 20205 (?)).

Activity

A train near Le Buet.

This line carries about 500,000 passengers per year, with wide variation: from 500 people per day in the least busy periods up to 10,000 per day in summer and 2500 per day in winter for the ski season. The customer base is quite diverse, from international travellers connecting with the TGVs, to local transportation, most notably for schoolchildren. It is a tourist line and a public service at the same time.

Through trains between Saint-Gervais and Martigny run under the “Mont-Blanc Express” moniker.

Since 2005 travel has been free between Servoz and Vallorcine for those with a Chamonix residency card and for valley inhabitants.

History

1886: Granting of the concession for the Cluses-Chamonix line to the PLM (first concession for a general interest electric line in France)
July 3, 1893: Authorisation for the PLM to build the Saint-Gervais to Chamonix section as metre gauge
June 1899: Start of works on the first section
July 25, 1901: Opening to Chamonix, 19 km (official opening on July 12)
July 25, 1906: Extension to Argentière
November 1, 1907: Boring of the col des Montets tunnel
July 1, 1908: Junction with the Martigny-Châtelard
1958: Introduction of Z 600 EMUs
1997: Introduction of Z 800 EMUs
2006: Introduction of Z 850 EMUs; increase in frequency between Argentière and Vallorcine

Stations

A Z 800 trainset at Le Buet.

Saint-Gervais-les-Bains - Le Fayet
Chedde
Servoz
Vaudagne (request stop)
Viaduc Sainte Marie (request stop)
Les Houches
Taconnaz (request stop)
Les Bossons
Les Pélerins
Les Moussoux (request stop
Aiguille due Midi
Chamonix Mont-Blanc
Les Praz
Les Tines
La Joux (request stop)
Argentière
Montroc-le Planet
Le Buet
Vallorcine
Le Chatelard Frontière

References

↑ Le Châtelard

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saint-Gervais-Vallorcine Line.

Train du Mont-Blanc, dedicated to the line (in French)
Photos-trains (in French) has pictures of rolling stock

Mont Blanc massif

Settlements	Argentière Chamonix Champex Courmayeur La Fouly Les Houches Montroc Les Praz Saint-Gervais-les-Bains Trient

Mountains	Aiguille d'Argentière Aiguille de Bionnassay Aiguille de Blaitière Aiguille Blanche de Peuterey Aiguille du Chardonnet Aiguilles du Diable Aiguilles Dorées Aiguille du Dru Aiguille des Glaciers Aiguille du Goûter Aiguille des Grands Charmoz Aiguille des Grands Montets Aiguille du Grépon Aiguille du Jardin Aiguille du Midi Aiguille de l'A Neuve Aiguille Noire de Peuterey Aiguille du Pissoir Aiguille du Plan Aiguille de Rochefort Aiguille du Tour Aiguille de Tré la Tête Aiguille de Triolet Aiguille Verte La Breya Le Catogne Le Châtelet (Mont Blanc) Dent du Géant Dôme du Goûter Dôme de Rochefort Les Droites Le Génépi Grand Capucin Grand Darray Grand Pilier d'Angle Grande Lui Grande Pointe des Planereuses Grande Rocheuse Grandes Jorasses Mont Blanc Mont Blanc de Courmayeur Mont Blanc du Tacul Mont Brouillard Mont Dolent Mont Mallet Mont Maudit Pic Eccles Picco Luigi Amedeo Pointe Allobrogia Pointe Helbronner Pointe d'Orny Pointe des Plines Pointe Ronde Pointe Walker Le Portalet Punta Baretti Tita Neire Tour Noir Tour Ronde

Cols	Col Ferret Col des Montets

Glaciers	Argentière Bossons Mer de Glace Miage Saleina Tête Rousse Trient

Refuges	Albert Premier A Neuve Argentière Cosmiques Couvercle Durier Elisabetta Francesco Gonella Grands Mulets Leschaux Mont-Blanc Plan de l'Aiguille Quintino Sella Tête Rousse Torino Tré la Tête Trient Saleina Vallot

Mountaineers (first or major ascents)	Allain Almer Anderegg (J.) Anderegg (M.) Balmat Blanchard Blodig Boivin Bonatti Bonington Boulaz Bristow Brown Burgener Cassin Charlet Clough Cordier (H.) Cordier (P.) Couzy Croz Dent Desmaison Destivelle Długosz Eccles Eckenstein Gabarrou Ghirardini Graham Brown Güssfeldt Harlin Heckmair Hemming Hudson Kennedy King Klucker Kuffner Kukuczka Kurtyka Lachenal Lafaille Lambert Maund Mazeaud Messner Middlemore Moore Mummery Paccard Paradis Patey Ratti Rébuffat Rey Robbins Roch Rouse de Saussure Smythe Stephen Terray Twight Vallençant Walker Whillans Whymper Winthrop Young

Other	Arve (river) Chemin de fer du Montenvers Giardino Botanico Alpino Saussurea Haute Route Marathon du Mont Blanc Mont Blanc glacier flood Mont Blanc Tramway Mont Blanc Tunnel Saint-Gervais–Vallorcine railway Skyway Monte Bianco Top of the Mont Blanc Tour du Mont Blanc Val d'Aosta Val Ferret Val Veny Vallée Blanche Aerial Tramway

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