Augusta, Georgia

Augusta, Georgia
Consolidated city-county
Augusta–Richmond County

City seal and logo
Nickname(s): The Garden City
Motto: We Feel Good

Location of consolidated Augusta–Richmond County (red) within Richmond County, and location of Richmond County within the U.S. state of Georgia
Augusta, Georgia

Location in the United States

Coordinates: 33°28′N 81°58′W / 33.467°N 81.967°W / 33.467; -81.967
Country United States
State Georgia
County Richmond County
Established 1736[1]
City-county consolidation 1996[1]
Government
 • Mayor Hardie Davis
Area
 • Consolidated city-county 306.5 sq mi (793 km2)
 • Land 302.1 sq mi (782 km2)
 • Water 4.3 sq mi (11.3 km2)
 • Urban 259.52 sq mi (672.2 km2)
Elevation[2] 136 ft (45 m)
Population (2010)[3]
 • Consolidated city-county 195,844
 • Estimate (2014)[4] 196,741
 • Rank US: 121th
 • Density 654.2/sq mi (252.6/km2)
 • Urban 386,787 (US: 98th)
 • Urban density 1,490.4/sq mi (575.4/km2)
 • Metro 583,632 (US: 92nd)
 • CSRA 709,433
 • Change 2011-2014 Increase3.32%
Time zone EST (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP codes 30901, 30904, 30906, 30907, 30909, 30912,[5] 30815[6]
Area code(s) 706, 762[7][8]
Website AugustaGA.gov

Augusta–Richmond County US /ə.ˈɡʌs.tə/ is a consolidated city-county on the central eastern border of the U.S. state of Georgia, and located at the fall line of the Savannah River, at the head of its navigable portion. It is in the piedmont section of the state.

The city was named after Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha (1719-1772), wife of Frederick, Prince of Wales. She was the mother of King George III of Great Britain.

According to 2012 US Census estimates, the Augusta-Richmond County population was 197,872, not counting the unconsolidated cities of Hephzibah and Blythe.

Augusta is the principal city of the Augusta-Richmond County Metropolitan Statistical Area, which as of 2012 had an estimated population of 580,270, making it the third-largest city and the second-largest metro area in the state after Atlanta. It is the 116th-largest city in the United States. Internationally, Augusta is best known for hosting The Masters golf tournament each spring.

History

The area along the river was long inhabited by varying cultures of indigenous peoples, who relied on the river for fish, water and transportation. The site of Augusta was used by Native Americans as a place to cross the Savannah River, because of its location on the fall line.

In 1735, two years after James Oglethorpe founded Savannah, he sent a detachment of troops to explore the upper Savannah River. He gave them an order to build at the head of the navigable part of the river. The expedition was led by Noble Jones, who created the settlement to provide a first line of defense for coastal areas against potential Spanish or French invasion from the interior. Oglethorpe named the town Augusta, in honor of Princess Augusta, wife of Frederick, Prince of Wales (she was the mother of King George III of the United Kingdom). Oglethorpe visited Augusta once, in September 1739. He did so while returning to Savannah from a perilous visit to Coweta Town, where he had met with a convention of 7,000 Native American warriors and concluded peaceful relations with several Native American groups in what is today the northern and western part of Georgia.[9] Augusta was the second state capital of Georgia from 1785 until 1795 (alternating for a period with Savannah, the first).

Augusta developed rapidly as a market town as the Black Belt in the Piedmont was developed for cotton cultivation. Invention of the cotton gin made processing of short-staple cotton profitable, and this type of cotton was well-suited to the upland areas. Cotton plantations were worked by slave labor, with hundreds of thousands of slaves shipped from the Upper South to the Deep South in the domestic slave trade. Many of the slaves were brought from the Lowcountry, where their Gullah culture had developed on the large Sea Island cotton and rice plantations

As a major city in the area, Augusta was a center of activities during Reconstruction and after. In the mid-20th century, it was a site of civil rights demonstrations. In 1970 Charles Oatman, a mentally disabled teenager, was killed by his cellmates in an Augusta jail. A protest against his death broke out in a riot involving 500 people, after six black men were killed by police,[10] each found to have been shot in the back.[11] The noted singer and entertainer James Brown was called in to help quell lingering tensions, which he succeeded in doing.[10]

Geography

The Augusta skyline, as seen from North Augusta, South Carolina

Augusta is located on the Georgia/South Carolina border, about 150 miles (240 km) east of Atlanta and 70 miles (110 km) west of Columbia. The city is located at 33°28′12″N 81°58′30″W / 33.47000°N 81.97500°W / 33.47000; -81.97500 (33.470, −81.975).[12]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Augusta-Richmond County balance has a total area of 306.5 square miles (793.8 km2). 302.1 square miles (782.4 km2) of it is land and 4.3 square miles (11.1 km2) of it (1.42%) is water.

Savannah River and the Augusta Canal, with River Watch Parkway and residential areas in foreground

Augusta is located about halfway up the Savannah River on the fall line, which creates a number of small falls on the river. The city marks the end of a navigable waterway for the river and the entry to the Georgia Piedmont area.

The Clarks Hill Dam is built on the fall line near Augusta, forming Clarks Hill Lake. Further downstream, near the border of Columbia County, is the Stevens Creek Dam, which generates hydroelectric power. Further downstream is the Augusta Diversion Dam, which marks the beginning of the Augusta Canal and channels Savannah River waters into the canal.[13]

Climate

As with the rest of the state, Augusta has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with short, mild winters, very hot, humid summers, and a wide diurnal temperature variation throughout much of the year. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from 45.4 °F (7.4 °C) in January to 81.6 °F (27.6 °C) in July; there are 53 nights with the low reaching the freezing mark, 82 days of 90 °F (32 °C)+ highs, and 5.5 days of 100 °F (38 °C)+ annually. Extreme temperatures range from −1 °F (−18 °C) on January 21, 1985 up to 108 °F (42 °C) on August 10, 2007 and August 21, 1983. Snowfall is not nearly as common as in Atlanta, due largely to Augusta's elevation, with downtown Augusta being about 900 ft (270 m) lower than downtown Atlanta. Freezing rain is also a threat in wintertime.

Climate data for Augusta, Georgia (1981−2010 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 84
(29)		 86
(30)		 93
(34)		 96
(36)		 100
(38)		 106
(41)		 107
(42)		 108
(42)		 106
(41)		 97
(36)		 90
(32)		 82
(28)		 108
(42)
Average high °F (°C) 57.9
(14.4)		 62.3
(16.8)		 69.9
(21.1)		 77.3
(25.2)		 85.0
(29.4)		 91.0
(32.8)		 93.4
(34.1)		 91.8
(33.2)		 86.7
(30.4)		 77.7
(25.4)		 69.1
(20.6)		 60.0
(15.6)		 76.8
(24.9)
Average low °F (°C) 32.8
(0.4)		 35.9
(2.2)		 42.0
(5.6)		 48.1
(8.9)		 57.3
(14.1)		 66.2
(19)		 69.8
(21)		 69.3
(20.7)		 62.6
(17)		 51.0
(10.6)		 41.4
(5.2)		 34.5
(1.4)		 50.9
(10.5)
Record low °F (°C) −1
(−18)		 3
(−16)		 12
(−11)		 26
(−3)		 35
(2)		 46
(8)		 54
(12)		 52
(11)		 36
(2)		 22
(−6)		 11
(−12)		 5
(−15)		 −1
(−18)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.91
(99.3)		 3.92
(99.6)		 4.18
(106.2)		 2.84
(72.1)		 2.65
(67.3)		 4.72
(119.9)		 4.33
(110)		 4.32
(109.7)		 3.22
(81.8)		 3.26
(82.8)		 2.81
(71.4)		 3.39
(86.1)		 43.55
(1,106.2)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 0.4
(1)		 0.4
(1)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0.1
(0.3)		 0.9
(2.3)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 9.8 8.8 8.6 7.5 8.1 11.0 11.0 10.3 7.1 6.5 6.9 9.2 104.8
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.5
Source: NOAA (extremes 1874−present)[14]

Historic districts

Sacred Heart Cultural Center

Augusta Downtown Historic District is a historic district that encompasses most of downtown Augusta and its pre-Civil War area. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.[15]

Augusta also includes the:

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18002,215—
18102,47611.8%
18306,710—
18406,403−4.6%
18509,44847.6%
186012,49332.2%
187015,38923.2%
188021,89142.3%
189033,30052.1%
190039,44118.4%
191041,0404.1%
192052,54828.0%
193060,34214.8%
194065,9199.2%
195071,5088.5%
196070,626−1.2%
197059,864−15.2%
198047,532−20.6%
199044,639−6.1%
2000195,182337.2%
2010195,8440.3%
Est. 2014196,741[16]0.5%
Population 1800–2010.[17][18]

According to 2013 US Census estimates, the Augusta-Richmond County population was 197,350[19] not counting the unconsolidated cities of Hephzibah and Blythe. In the 2010 census, Augusta–Richmond County had 195,844 residents. The population density was 647.5 people per square mile (250/km²).[20] There were 84,427 housing units at an average density of 279.5 per square mile (782/km²). The racial makeup of the city-county area was 54.7% Black or African American, 39.1% White, 0.3% Native American, 1.7% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 1.3% some other race, and 2.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.1% of the population.[21]

There were 75,208 households, out of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.2% were headed by married couples living together, 22.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.1% were non-families. 30.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.09.[21]

In the city-county consolidated area the population was spread out with 24.6% under the age of 18, 12.6% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.0 years. For every 100 females there were 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.7 males.[21]

As of the 2000 census, the median income for a household in the city-county area was $37,231, and the median income for a family was $45,372. Males had a median income of $32,008 versus $23,988 for females. The per capita income for the balance was $19,558. About 13.2% of families and 16.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.1% of those under age 18 and 12.5% of those age 65 or over.

Religion

The most-attended church is the Southern Baptist Convention with 221 congregations with 114,351 members. The Catholic Church has 13 congregations and 31,687 members, while the United Methodist Church has 83 churches and 30,722 members. The National Baptist Convention had 26,671 members. The Presbyterian Church (USA) has 14 congregations and 4,500 members, the Presbyterian Church in America has 4,396 members in 14 churches.[22]

Economy

Augusta is a regional center of medicine, biotechnology, and cyber security. Augusta University, the state's only public health sciences graduate university, employs over 7,000 people. Along with University Hospital, the Medical District of Augusta employs over 25,000 people and has an economic impact of over $1.8 billion.[23] Within the next few years, the city is expected to have rapid population growth of 10,000+ residents due to the announcement of the United States Army Cyber Command that will be located in Fort Gordon.

Along with Augusta University, the city's three largest employers include the Savannah River Site (a Department of Energy nuclear facility) and the U.S. Army Signal Center at Fort Gordon. Despite layoffs from several companies during the U.S. economic recession and a relatively high state unemployment rate,[24] the Augusta community has experienced a decrease in bankruptcy filings[25] and saw a slight decrease in the unemployment rate from late 2009 to March 2011. However, these unemployment numbers are misleading as spring brings lower unemployment rates due to the Masters Golf Tournament. While unemployment fell to a two-year low of 8.3% in April 2011, unemployment rates have since risen to 9.9% as of July 2011.[26]

Companies that have facilities, headquarters or distribution centers in Augusta include CareSouth, T-Mobile, Covidien, Solo Cup Company, Automatic Data Processing, International Paper, NutraSweet, Teleperformance, Sitel, E-Z-GO, Elanco, Club Car (Worldwide Headquarters), John Deere, Procter & Gamble, Kellogg's and Delta Air Lines baggage call center.[27]

Top employers

According to the Augusta Economic Development Authority,[28] the top manufacturing employers in the city are:

# Employer # of Employees
1 Textron Specialized Vehicles 1,277
2 Covidien 850
3 International Paper 820
4 Kellogg's 535
5 FPL Food 500
6 Procter & Gamble 450
7 Thermal Ceramics 444
8 Resolute Forest Products 374
9 Boral Brick 363
10 PotashCorp 350

The top public sector employers are:

# Employer # of Employees
1 Fort Gordon 19,884
2 Augusta University 4,656
3 Richmond County School System 4,418
4 University Hospital 3,200
5 Augusta University Health System 3,054
6 Augusta-Richmond County 4,418
7 Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center 2,082
8 East Central Regional Hospital 1,488
9 Doctors Hospital 1,210

Sports

Teams

Augusta is home to the Augusta Greenjackets minor league baseball club. The team began play in 1988 as the Augusta Pirates, affiliated with the Pittsburgh Pirates. Later affiliated with the Boston Red Sox, the Greenjackets are with the San Francisco Giants.[29] The team is owned by Cal Ripken Jr.[30]

The Augusta Rugby Football Club (ARFC) is a division 2 men's club competing in the Palmetto Rugby Union, part of the USA Rugby South Conference.

Augusta also has its own all female flat track roller derby team, The Soul City Sirens. Founded in 2008, this league is all volunteer and skater owned. [31]

Club Sport League Venue
Augusta GreenJackets Baseball South Atlantic League Lake Olmstead Stadium
Augusta Mad Dogs Rugby Palmetto Rugby Union Larry Bray Memorial
Soul City Sirens Roller Derby WFTDA Red Wing Rollerway

Tournaments

Tiger Woods at the practice rounds for the 2006 Masters Tournament

The city’s famous golf course, the Augusta National Golf Club, hosts the first major golf tournament of each year, The Masters. This tournament is one of the most prestigious in the sport[32] and is one of the four major championships. The best professional and amateur golfers in the world come to Augusta during the first full week of April every year. The grounds of Augusta National are known for being pristine, and the course was ranked in 2009 as the 3rd best golf course in the world by Golf Magazine.[33]

The city also has disc golf facilities. The Augusta Top Gun Series is a series of tournaments sanctioned by the Professional Disc Golf Association. These tournaments are held at various venues in Augusta, including Pendleton King Park and Lake Olmstead.[34] Also, Augusta hosted the 2006 Professional Disc Golf World Championships. Along with Pendleton King and Lake Olmstead, two courses in N. Augusta, SC were used for the tournament. 299 disc golfers from around the world attended the event, with Ken Climo winning the tournament and his 12th world championship.

Augusta is the host of the World's Richest Drag Boat Race, held on the Savannah River (Augusta Southern Nationals). The race is part of the IHBA Lucas Oil Drag Boat Racing Series and is sanctioned by the International Hot Boat Association (held on July 18–20). The event benefits the Augusta Chapter of the Georgia Special Olympics. Over 100 racing teams from 25 states will compete for $140,000 in purse and prizes as they try to beat the record of 252.94 MPH in the ‘World’s Richest Drag Boat Race".

Parks and recreation

Government

In 1995, citizens of Augusta and unincorporated Richmond County voted to consolidate their city and county governments. Citizens of Hephzibah and Blythe, also located in Richmond County, voted against joining in the consolidation of Augusta and Richmond County. Augusta and Richmond County's consolidation took effect January 1, 1996. The consolidated government consists of a mayor and 10 commissioners. Eight commissioners represent specific districts, while the other two represent super districts that represent half of the county's population respectively.[35]

Education

Allgood Hall at Augusta University

Colleges and universities

Main campuses
Satellite campuses

K–12 schools

Richmond County Board of Education central office

Public K–12 schools in Augusta are managed by the Richmond County School System. The school system contains 36 elementary schools, 10 middle schools, and the following eight high schools: Glenn Hills, Butler, Westside, Hephzibah, Aquinas, T.W. Josey, A.R.C.(Academy of Richmond County) and Cross Creek. There are four magnet schools, — C. T. Walker Traditional Magnet School, A. R. Johnson Health Science and Engineering Magnet High School, Davidson Fine Arts and the Richmond County Technical Career Magnet School.

Private schools in Augusta include Aquinas High School, Episcopal Day School, St. Mary on the Hill School, Immaculate Conception School, Hillcrest Baptist Church School, Curtis Baptist High School, Gracewood Baptist First Academy, Alleluia Community School, New Life Christian Academy, and Westminster Schools of Augusta. Augusta Christian School, Augusta First Seventh-day Adventist School, and Augusta Preparatory Day School serve Augusta, but are located in neighboring Martinez, Georgia.

Infrastructure

Transportation

Augusta is linked to Atlanta to the west and Columbia, South Carolina, to the east by Interstate 20. Interstate 520 (Bobby Jones Expressway) runs from I-20 Exit 196 through Augusta's western and southern suburban areas, eventually crossing the Savannah River to South Carolina where it becomes the Palmetto Parkway.

U.S. and state routes:

Parts of Augusta are served by city transit service Augusta Public Transit (APT), but the main mode of transportation within the city is by car. The city has two airports: Augusta Regional Airport and Daniel Field. Augusta is also served by a number of taxi companies.

Notable people

Sister cities

Augusta is twinned with:

See also

Footnotes

  1. 1 2 "History".
  2. ↑ "Augusta Facts".
  3. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-02-03.
  4. ↑ "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-02-03.
  5. ↑ "USPS.com® - ZIP Code Lookup".
  6. ↑ Excluding city of Hephzibah
  7. ↑ Get your digits straight 040306 – The Augusta Chronicle
  8. ↑ 762 on way to phone near you 050108 – The Augusta Chronicle
  9. ↑ Memorial History of Augusta, Georgia: from Its Settlement in 1735 to the Close of the Eighteenth Century by Charles Colcock Jones, Salem Dutcher (Augusta, GA: D. Mason, 1890) page 31
  10. 1 2 "Freedom On Film: Civil Rights In Georgia".
  11. ↑ "Baltimore is Everywhere," New York Magazine, May 18–31, 2015, p. 33.
  12. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  13. ↑ "Officials consider relicensing Augusta Canal", Augusta Chronicle, 29 Jun 2003
  14. ↑ "NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2012-09-04.
  15. ↑ Staff (2010-07-09). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
  16. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  17. ↑ "Census Of Population And Housing". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 5 November 2008. Retrieved 2015-02-03.
  18. ↑ "Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2014-08-07.
  19. ↑ Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder - Results".
  20. ↑ Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder - Results".
  21. 1 2 3 "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Augusta-Richmond County consolidated government (balance), Georgia". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved January 6, 2012.
  22. ↑ "The Association of Religion Data Archives - Maps & Reports".
  23. ↑ HOME | AugustaTomorrow.com
  24. ↑ Department of Labor - State of Georgia - http://www.dol.state.ga.us/
  25. ↑ Seymour & Associates | The Bankruptcy Lawyers. Augustageorgialawyer.org (2013-07-01). Retrieved on 2013-08-09.
  26. ↑ Unemployment Rate in Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC (MSA) (AUGU213URN) - FRED - St. Louis Fed. Research.stlouisfed.org (2013-07-30). Retrieved on 2013-08-09.
  27. ↑ USA Today. September 8, 2010 https://web.archive.org/20060622200020/http://blogs.usatoday.com:80/sky/2006/06/delta_closing_t.html. Archived from the original on June 22, 2006. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  28. ↑ City of Augusta Largest Employers Retrieved 11-14-2013
  29. ↑ "About Greenjackets Baseball". The official site of the Augusta Greenjackets. Retrieved 2011-05-21.
  30. ↑ "Cal Ripken, Jr.". RipkenBaseball.com. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-21.
  31. ↑ Pointstreak Sites | SPHL Southern Professional Hockey League | Fans Vote Augusta River Hawks As Hockey Team's Name. Thesphl.com (2010-03-13). Retrieved on 2013-08-09.
  32. ↑ Super Bowl, World Series, NBA Finals: None say 'class' like the Masters. Worldgolf.com (2008-02-25). Retrieved on 2013-08-09.
  33. ↑ Archived January 21, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
  34. ↑ Augusta Disc Golf Augusta Disc Golf Association
  35. ↑ "Maps".
  36. ↑ http://www.dot.state.ga.us/informationcenter/programs/roadimprovement/GRIP/Documents/Facts/FallLineFreewayFactSheet.pdf
  37. ↑ Kent Anderson Leslie, "Amanda American Dickson", New Georgia Encyclopedia, 2003/2013
  38. ↑ "Twin towns, Biarritz official website". Biarritz.fr. Retrieved 2013-05-11.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Augusta, Georgia.
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Wikisource has the text of a 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article about Augusta, Georgia.

Coordinates: 33°28′N 81°58′W / 33.467°N 81.967°W / 33.467; -81.967

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