Salmson air-cooled aero-engines

Salmson 9
Salmson 9Ad
Type	Radial engine
Manufacturer	Société des Moteurs Salmson
First run	1917

Between 1920 and 1951 the Société des Moteurs Salmson in France developed and built a series of widely used air-cooled aircraft engines.^[1]

Maryse Hilsz holding the propeller of her Mauboussin M.122 with Salmson 9 Aé.RS,^[2] 1935

Design and development

After their successful water-cooled radial engines, developed from 1908 to 1918, Salmson changed their focus to air-cooling to reduce weight and increase specific power (power per unit weight). The majority of the engines produced by Salmson were of radial type with a few other arrangements such as the Salmson T6.E. In common with other engines produced by this manufacturer, the air-cooled radial engines featured the unorthodox Canton-Unné internal arrangement that dispensed with a master rod in favour of a cage of epicyclic gears driving the crankpin. Production ended in 1951 with the liquidation of the manufacturing company.

British Salmson

The 3,7 and 9 cylinder Salmsons were license built in Great Britain, during the 1920s and 1930s, by the British Salmson engine company as the British Salmson AD.3, British Salmson AC.7, British Salmson AC.9, and British Salmson AD.9.

Salmson post-WWI engines

In common with several other French aero-engine manufacturers Salmson named their engines with the number of cylinders then a series letter in capitals followed by variant letters in lower-case. Engines not included in the 1932 table are listed here:

3Ad 5Ac 5Ap-01 5Aq-01 6Ad ? 6TE 6TE.S 7Aca 7Aq 7M 7Om

8As 9AB 9ABa 9ABc 172 kW (230 hp) 9Az 9A2c 9M 9Nd 131 kW (175 hp) 9Ne 9Ng 9Nh 9P

9Y 11B 12C W-12 18Z 18AB Salmson-Szydlowski SH18 18 cyl air-cooled 2-stroke radial

Salmson air-cooled engines available in 1932 are tabled here^[3]

Name	Cylinders	Year	Bore	Stroke	Capacity	Power	Weight
7AC	7-cyl radial		100 mm (3.94 in)	130 mm (5.12 in)	7.150 l (436.3 cu in)	78 kW (105 hp) at 1,800 rpm	130 kg (287 lb)
9AB	9-cyl radial		125 mm (4.92 in)	170 mm (6.69 in)	18.765 l (1,145.1 cu in)	186 kW (250 hp) at 1,700 rpm	265 kg (584 lb)
9AC	9-cyl radial		100 mm (3.94 in)	130 mm (5.12 in)	9.189 l (560.7 cu in)	97 kW (130 hp) at 1,800 rpm	170 kg (375 lb)
9AD	9-cyl radial		70 mm (2.76 in)	86 mm (3.39 in)	2.979 l (181.8 cu in)	34 kW (45 hp) at 2,000 rpm	68 kg (150 lb)
9ADb	9-cyl radial		70 mm (2.76 in)	86 mm (3.39 in)	2.979 l (181.8 cu in)	41 kW (55 hp) at 2,200 rpm	74 kg (163 lb)
9ADr	9-cyl radial		70 mm (2.76 in)	86 mm (3.39 in)	2.979 l (181.8 cu in)	48 kW (65 hp) at 2,700 rpm	79 kg (174 lb)
9NA	9-cyl radial		140 mm (5.51 in)	160 mm (6.30 in)	22.140 l (1,351.1 cu in)	246 kW (330 hp) at 1,800 rpm	292 kg (644 lb)
9NAs	9-cyl radial		140 mm (5.51 in)	160 mm (6.30 in)	22.140 l (1,351.1 cu in)	336 kW (450 hp) at 1,800rpm	315 kg (694 lb)
9NC	9-cyl radial		100 mm (3.94 in)	140 mm (5.51 in)	9.900 l (604.1 cu in)	112 kW (150 hp) at 1,800 rpm	155 kg (342 lb)
9NCt	9-cyl radial		100 mm (3.94 in)	140 mm (5.51 in)	9.900 l (604.1 cu in)	127 kW (170 hp) at 1,800 rpm	165 kg (364 lb)
18AB	18-cyl air-cooled in-line radial		125 mm (4.92 in)	180 mm (7.09 in)	39.761 l (2,426.4 cu in)	410 kW (550 hp) at 1,700 rpm	450 kg (992 lb)
18ABs	18-cyl air-cooled in-line radial		125 mm (4.92 in)	180 mm (7.09 in)	39.761 l (2,426.4 cu in)	485 kW (650 hp) at 1,700 rpm	465 kg (1,025 lb)

Applications

Nine cylinder engines

Ace K-1 Aleksandrov-Kalinin AK-1 ANF Les Mureaux 140T Arpin A-1 Arado L I Aviméta 132 BFW M.23 Bartel BM-2 Bernard SIMB AB 16 Besson MB.35 Besson MB.411 Blériot 135 Blériot 290 Bloch MB.81 Boisavia Mercurey Boulton Paul Phoenix British Aircraft Swallow Brochet MB.70 Brochet MB.50 CAP-4 Paulistinha Caudron C.109 Caudron C.240 Cierva C.30 Comper Swift Couzinet 70

Farman F.90 Farman F.160 Farman F.190 Farman F.200 Farman F.230 Farman HF.20 Farman HF.30 Farman F.300 Fieseler Fi 156 Gerner G II R Guerchais-Roche T.35 Hanriot H.35 Hanriot H.41 Hanriot H.43 Hanriot LH.10 Hanriot HD.32 Henderson-Glenny Gadfly III Loire 30 Loire 501 Lioré et Olivier LeO H-180 Mason Greater Meteor Mauboussin M.120 Morane-Saulnier MS.130 Morane-Saulnier MS.138 Morane-Saulnier MS.147

Morane-Saulnier MS.180 Morane-Saulnier MS.230 Morane-Saulnier MS.315 Morane-Saulnier MS.341 Morane-Saulnier MS.406 Potez 32 Payne Knight Twister Rigault RP.01B Romano R.82 Romano R.90 RWD-2 Salmson-Moineau S.M.1 Salmson Phrygane SET 3 Siebel Si 202 SNCASE SE-3110 SNCASE Alouette I SNCAO 30 SPCA 40T Starck AS-70 Jac Taylor E-2 Wibault 360

Seven cylinder engines

• Caudron C.190
• Caudron C.220
• Caudron C.270
• Farman F.230
• Farman F.280
• Hanriot H.41
• Morane-Saulnier MS.130
• Morane-Saulnier MS.147
• Potez 36

Five cylinder engines

• Albert A-61
• Caudron C.161
• CFA D.7 Cricri Major
• Jodel D.11
• Potez 36
• Salmson Cricri

Specifications (9 Ab)

Data from Tsygulev^[4]

General characteristics

• Type: Nine-cylinder single-row supercharged air-cooled radial engine
• Bore: 125 mm (4.92 in)
• Stroke: 170 mm (6.69 in)
• Displacement: 18.765 l (1,145 in³)
• Length: 1,000 mm (39.37 in)
• Diameter: 1,180 mm (46.46 in)
• Dry weight: 265 kg (584 lb)

Components

• Valvetrain: Two overhead valves per cylinder
• Supercharger: Single-speed centrifugal type supercharger
• Fuel system: Zenith 42D carburetor
• Cooling system: Air-cooled

Performance

• Power output: 191 kW (256 hp) at 1,780 rpm for takeoff
• Specific power: 10.18 kW/l (0.22 hp/in³)
• Compression ratio: 5:1
• Specific fuel consumption: 328 g/(kW•h) (0.54 lb/(hp•h))
• Oil consumption: 19 g/(kW•h) (0.49 oz/(hp•h))
• Power-to-weight ratio: 0.72 kW/kg (0.44 hp/lb)

See also

• Salmson water-cooled aero-engines
• List of aircraft engines

Notes

1. Gunston 1986, p. 158.
2. http://www.fai.org/fai-record-file/?recordId=12218
3. Hartmann, Gerard. "LA SOCIETE DES MOTEURS SALMSON" (pdf). hydroretro.net (in French). p. 13. Retrieved 11 April 2015.
4. Tsygulev (1939). Aviacionnye motory voennykh vozdushnykh sil inostrannykh gosudarstv (Авиационные моторы военных воздушных сил иностранных государств) (in Russian). Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe voennoe izdatelstvo Narkomata Oborony Soyuza SSR.

References

• Gunston, Bill (1986). World Encyclopaedia of Aero Engines. Wellingborough: Patrick Stephens. p. 152.
• Lumsden, Alec. British Piston Engines and their Aircraft. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003. ISBN 1-85310-294-6.
• Cuny, Jean. “Latécoère - Les Avions et Hydravions”.Paris. Docavia/Editions Lariviere. 1992. ISBN 2-907051-01-6