Sarcófago

Sarcófago
Origin Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Genres Black metal, death metal, thrash metal
Years active 1985–2000
Labels Cogumelo, Music for Nations, Pavement, Relapse
Associated acts Sepultura, Scourge, Angel Butcher, Mutilator, Sextrash, Insulter, Holocausto, Cirrhosis, Zona Morta
Members Wagner "Antichrist" Lamounier
Gerald "Incubus" Minelli
Eugênio "Dead Zone"
Past members Zéder "Butcher"
Fabio "Jhasko"
Armando "Leprous" Sampaio
Eduardo "D.D. Crazy"
Manoel "Joker"
Lucio Olliver
Vanir Jr.
Juninho "Pussy Fucker"
Roberto "UFO"

Sarcófago was an influential Brazilian extreme metal band. They were fronted by Sepultura's original singer, Wagner Lamounier, and Geraldo Minelli.

The front cover of the band's debut album, I.N.R.I., is regarded as a great influence on black metal's corpse paint style make-up.[1] That record is also considered one of the "first wave" albums that helped shape the genre. Their second LP, The Laws of Scourge, was one of the first technical death metal records to be released.[2]

The band broke up in 2000, after releasing the Crust EP. Former members, minus Wagner, played throughout Brazil in 2006 under the moniker Tributo ao Sarcófago (Tribute to Sarcófago). In 2009, rumors surfaced that the original I.N.R.I. line-up were reuniting for a small, high-profile tour, but proved to be a false.[3]

History

Early days (1985–1988)

Sarcófago (Portuguese and Spanish for 'sarcophagus'[4]) was formed in 1985 in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.[4] Equally indebted to early extreme metal groups such as Bathory, Celtic Frost, Slayer,[5] and Finnish hardcore punk,[6] Sarcófago's goal was to create the most aggressive music ever.[7] Wagner Lamounier, who parted acrimoniously from Sepultura in March of that same year,[8] was invited to join the band.[2] Although Sepultura never recorded anything with Lamounier, he contributed the lyrics to the song "Antichrist" on their Bestial Devastation EP.[9] Sarcófago's vinyl debut was on the Cogumelo Produções split album Warfare Noise I, originally released in 1986. Sarcófago contributed the three tracks "Recrucify", "The Black Vomit" and "Satanas". Their music and lyrics were considered shocking at the time, something which brought them a considerable amount of attention.[10] The band's line-up at that point consisted of "Butcher" (guitars), "Antichrist" (Lamounier; vocals), "Incubus" (Geraldo Minelli; bass) and "Leprous" (Armando Sampaio; drums).[11]

With new drummer "D.D. Crazy"[12] —hailed as a pioneer in the metal world for his extensive use of blast beats on this album[6]— Sarcófago released I.N.R.I in July 1987.[4] The band's attire on the album's cover —corpsepaint, leather jackets, and bullet belts— is considered the first definite statement of black metal's visual presentation and style.[13] The music has been equally influential, a milestone in the development of the genre.[14] Despite the record's now-legendary status, Lamounier was unsatisfied with the end results, voicing complaints over the quality of the recording sessions and the band being plagued by inner strife.[5] After the release of I.N.R.I., Sarcófago briefly disbanded. Lamounier moved to Uberlândia to study economics on the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), while Butcher and his brother D.D. Crazy left the group.[7] The latter would play drums on Sextrash's debut, 1989's Sexual Carnage.[2]

Rotting (1989–1990)

When Rotting first came out it stirred a huge amount of controversy due to its cover art — a traditional grim reaper figure licking what appears to be Jesus Christ's face.[7] It was based upon a medieval painting. The cover artist himself, Kelson Frost, refused to paint a crown of thorns over the man's head, which would readily identify him as the Christian messiah.[15]

Rotting musically differs from the raw, hyper-speed black metal of I.N.R.I. Session drummer "Joker" brought a different set of influences to the band (such as crossover thrash); Wagner also learned to play guitar in record time, and contributed many of the album's guitar riffs.[15] Rotting also marked their first change of aliases: the group's core duo renamed themselves "Wagner Antichrist" and "Gerald Incubus". Their visual department went through changes as well — they dropped the arm and leg spikes because they made playing live difficult.[16]

Rotting was Sarcófago's first release to have international distribution, handled in Europe by British label Music for Nations,[16] and by Maze/Kraze in America.[17] Maze Records released a censored version of Rotting, blacking out the original cover and adding a sticker which read "Featuring the Original Lead Singer of Sepultura" without consulting the band. Infuriated by the label's actions, Sarcófago sued them.[7]

The Laws of Scourge (1991–1993)

Next came The Laws of Scourge (1991), considered a "revolution" in the band's career.[10] A combination of better musicianship,[18] improved production values,[10] and more sophisticated songwriting[18] landed them into technical death metal territory.[2] Sarcófago's new direction in music was partly influenced by new members Fábio "Jhasko" (guitar) and Lúcio Olliver (drums),[19] and inspired by a newer crop of extreme metal bands such as Godflesh, Paradise Lost, Bolt Thrower, Deicide, and Morbid Angel.[20]

The Laws of Scourge became Sarcófago's best selling record, and responsible for their most extensive touring schedule to this date.[19] Their tour trek also included their first international dates: they visited South American countries such as Peru and Chile, and in Europe they played shows in Portugal and Spain.[7] In Brazil, their most important gig was to open for Texas hardcore punk pioneers the Dirty Rotten Imbeciles in São Paulo.[15]

Hate (1994–1996)

Musically speaking, Hate is notable for its stripped-down, straightforward approach and the use of a drum machine,[19] the latter sparking some controversy.[21] Lamounier claimed to have no qualms about using this device, on the basis that most death metal drummers use trigger pads for recording purposes, which in the end produces the same homogenized sound as that of a drum machine.[19]

The band cut their hair short, in protest of the masculine long hair style becoming popular due to the massive success of grunge in the early 1990s.[7] Men sporting long hair has traditionally been associated with counterculture groups,[22] and it is especially present in the metalhead subculture.[23] Wagner declared:

“ Every douchebag around is wearing long hair, Nirvana and Pearl Jam T-shirts, etc. We have nothing against these bands, but we have against jumping the bandwagon. It's not right when it becomes a trend, because massification dumbs people down.[24] ”

In late 1996, Sarcófago released the Decade of Decay compilation which, amongst other things, featured demo versions of their early songs and rare backstage photographs. The band described the CD as a "gift" to their fans.[25]

The Worst (1997–2000)

Sarcófago's fourth and final album, The Worst (1997), sees the band slowing down in relation to the speed-oriented Hate, and having a better grasp of drum programming. Minelli and Lamounier saw this record as a "summation" of their career.[21]

With the turn of the millennium came the Crust EP, Sarcófago's swansong release. It was meant to be a preview of an upcoming album, but the band's core duo parted ways before commencing its recording.[2]

Sarcófago Tribute tour (2006–2009)

In celebration of the 20th anniversary of the Warfare Noise split album, Cogumelo Records and Gerald Incubus organized a comeback show with Sarcófago in Belo Horizonte.[15] Along with Minelli, the line-up for that event was Fábio Jhasko on guitars, Manu Joker and old-time friend Juarez "Tibanha" on vocals.[26] That performance was recorded and there are plans to release it in DVD format. Lamounier opted not to join this "Sarcófago Tribute" band for the lack in desire to play professionally.[15] However, Wagner still pursues his musical interests — he plays in the crust punk band Commando Kaos.[6]

In October 2007,[26] Sarcófago flew to Santiago, Chile to play in the Black Shadows Festival,[6] alongside death metal pioneers Possessed.[26]

In March 2009, Wagner supposedly announced that Sarcófago would reunite, and their tour itinerary would include appearances at the Wacken Open Air and Hole in the Sky festivals, as well as dates in London, New York, Los Angeles and Tokyo. He stated it would be the original I.N.R.I. line-up, but that this would be the only tour they would be doing and there would be no new material.[27] A couple of days later, Lamounier himself wrote to the music press exposing this news report as a hoax.[3]

Lyrical approach

Inspired by Venom and Hellhammer, Sarcófago's early lyrics were openly Satanic.[20] These lyrics frequently employed curse words and crude, obscene scenarios, such as in the case of "Desecration of (the) Virgin", a blasphemous take on Mother Mary's virgin birth.[28]

“ Seven nights before
The sacred birthday
The Lord made himself present
At the virgin's home

Demons sucked her pussy
And fucked her to her delight
She isn't a virgin anymore
Because she was fucked by Satan.		 ”

Whilst still polemical, by 1989's Rotting the band's stance on Christianity was more agnostic than Satanic. The original vinyl release came with a lengthy manifesto written by Lamounier, in which he criticized the alienating effect that Catholicism had on Brazilian society.[5] The band also questioned the divine nature of Christ, declaring he was just a regular man who died for his ideas.[7] On a less serious note the album featured "Sex, Drinks and Metal", a hedonistic ode to the headbanger lifestyle.[29]

Their next album, The Laws of Scourge, continued their new-found focus on more "reality-based" themes,[20] with lyrics generally covering such death-related topics as suicide and homicide.[7] The band had trouble again with American censors, with the lyrics of the re-recorded version of "The Black Vomit" being forcibly omitted from the CD booklet as well as the entire "Prelude to Suicide" track.[7]

Legacy

The band left a widespread influence on black metal circles worldwide, particularly among the Scandinavian portion of the so-called "second wave" of the genre. "It is sobering", claimed Terrorizer magazine, "to think of what wouldn't have happened had 'I.N.R.I.' not been released".[14]

Fenriz, drummer of Darkthrone, included a Sarcófago track ("Satanic Lust") in his The Best of Old-School Black Metal compilation, released by Peaceville Records.[30] Of Sarcófago's I.N.R.I., he said it was an "album" that "you buy or die".[31] Euronymous, the deceased guitarist of Mayhem and erstwhile leader of the so-called "Inner Circle", traded correspondence with Lamounier in the early days of Norway's scene.[25] In the Lords of Chaos book, Metalion (Slayer fanzine, ex-Head Not Found) stated that Euronymous was "obsessed with them because wore lots of spikes and corpsepaint. He said he wanted every band to be like this […]."[32] Satyricon covered Sarcófago's "I.N.R.I." on their Intermezzo II EP,[33] also featured on the Tribute to Sarcófago album, released by Cogumelo Records in 2001.[34] Key Gorgoroth members Infernus and King were also influenced by Sarcófago.[35]

Notable black metal groups from neighbouring Finland were also affected by Sarcófago's early output. Beherit founder Nuclear Holocausto said Sarcófago was one of "the greatest influences" for the band;[36] Mika Luttinen from Impaled Nazarene said that "nothing tops Slayer's Reign in Blood or Sarcofago's I.N.R.I., you know".[37] Their version of "The Black Vomit" was included in Tribute to Sarcófago.[38]

Lamounier, however, has been critical of several of the bands influenced by Sarcófago, especially bands from the Norwegian black metal scene, wondering how one of the wealthiest countries in the world could have produced such a scene. Although he liked Immortal, Wagner dubbed Euronymous a "nutcase" and considered Burzum "shit".[25] He also criticized black metal's purposely lo-fi recording aesthetic;[39] Lamounier said that Burzum's guitar timbre "sounded like it was recorded through a transistor radio".[25]

Conflict with Sepultura

An oft-cited aspect of Sarcófago's history is their long-lasting feud with Sepultura.[2][4][5][6][8][15][40] Although former Sepultura drummer Igor Cavalera eventually dismissed the entire affair as "child's play",[41] the music press fuelled their bitter rivalry for many years. Their conflict partially contributed to Sarcofágo's fame as the perennial "black sheep" of Brazilian heavy metal.[40]

Tensions started after Lamounier parted ways with Sepultura, which led to a temporarily awkward situation. In Minelli's assessment, "everybody had forgotten it" until two years later, when D.D. Crazy smashed a bottle over Andreas Kisser's head,[40] who had been recently recruited as Sepultura's new lead guitarist.[42] Kisser was being "too much of a douchebag".[40] Sílvio "Bibica" Gomes, Sepultura roadie and co-author of the band's Toda a História biography, was one of the prime instigators of that fight.[6]

During an interview from The Worst era, Lamounier was asked to comment on Sepultura's well-publicized break-up,[40] when Max Cavalera left the band in January 1997.[43] Lamounier declared he was not surprised that things turned out the way they did as, in his words, "with what I knew of them, I think it's quite normal that one brother should betray another in that family, they don't measure the consequences to get what they want. So, a brother backstabbing the other, deceiving their mother, cheating a friend... For money, I'll bet they're capable of anything."[44]

Annoyed by Lamounier meddling in "private family business", Max Cavalera's answer came through "Bumbklaatt", a song on Soulfly's debut album.[45]

“ Grow tha fuck up you waste / Can't you see what it takes / To be a real man / Talking shit all your life / No integrity or pride / Fucking mind full of lies / You fake / You waste / You bumbklaatt...[46] ”

Max explained that, in Jamaican patois, "Bumbklatt" means "blood clot" and it is also "a big insult... It means motherfucker or a piece of shit in Jamaica".[47]

The animosity between the two groups eventually reached another major Brazilian band, crossover thrash act Ratos de Porão. The band got involved in the affair after a 1987 Belo Horizonte gig, when a portion of the audience kept jeering at the band.[20] One version of that story states that Lamounier and Ratos de Porão singer João Gordo were antagonizing each other during the show.[15] Another one tells that when Gordo asked Sepultura frontman Max Cavalera who was "gobbing" at his band, Max accused Sarcófago.[20]

Tensions flared up once again five years later when Sarcófago, instead of Ratos de Porão, were picked up to be the opening band of DRI's first Brazilian shows.[40] Ratos de Porão and friends from São Paulo thrash metal group Korzus invaded Sarcófago's backstage area; João Gordo then proceeded to sucker-punch Lamounier while he was lying drunk on the floor,[48] and Gordo's friends attacked the rest with motorcycle chains.[40] A massive brawl ensued, with a member of DRI's road crew getting his arm broken.

Discography

Studio albums
Compilation albums
  • Decade of Decay (1996)
Demos
  • Satanic Lust (1986)
  • The Black Vomit (1986)
  • Sepultado (1987)
  • Christ's Death (1987)
  • Die... Hard! (2015) (compilation)
EPs
Split albums
Compilation appearances

Members

Last known line-up
Session
Former


Timeline

Bibliography

References

  1. ↑ Moynihan, Michael & Søderlind, Didrik: Lords of Chaos: The Bloody Rise of the Satanic Metal Underground. Feral House 1998, p. 36.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tomasi, Eliton (7 July 2008). "Sarcófago: pioneirismo, polêmica e death metal". Rock e Heavy Metal – Whiplash!. Retrieved 2009-01-14. External link in |publisher= (help)
  3. 1 2 "Former SARCÓFAGO Frontman Shoots Down Reunion Rumors". BLABBERMOUTH.NET. 6 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-08. External link in |publisher= (help)
  4. 1 2 3 4 Rivadavia, Eduardo. "((( Sarcófago > Biography )))". AllMusic.com. Retrieved 2009-01-14. External link in |publisher= (help)
  5. 1 2 3 4 Cagni, André & Fonseca, Marco (1990). "Sarcófago: Ame ou Odeie". Rock Brigade. Retrieved 2009-01-22. External link in |publisher= (help) Archived at www.metalpesado.com.br.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ricardo, 2008, p. 55.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Nemitz, 1994, p. 58.
  8. 1 2 Barcinski & Gomes, 1999, p. 28.
  9. ↑ Barcinski & Gomes, 1999, p. 31.
  10. 1 2 3 Filho, 1992, p. 42.
  11. ↑ "Sarcófago". Warfare Noise (CD booklet). Sarcófago. Belo Horizonte, MG: Cogumelo Records. p. 7.
  12. ↑ I.N.R.I. (CD booklet). Sarcófago. Belo Horizonte, MG: Cogumelo Records. p. 11.
  13. ↑ Schwarz & Strachan, 2005, p. 37.
  14. 1 2 "The First Wave", 2005, p. 42.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Tomasi, Eliton (7 July 2008). "Tributo ao Sarcófago: a lenda vive". Rock e Heavy Metal – Whiplash!. Retrieved 2009-01-27. External link in |publisher= (help)
  16. 1 2 Filho, 1992, p. 43.
  17. ↑ Rivadavia, Eduardo. "((( Rotting > Overview )))". AllMusic.com. Retrieved 2009-02-01. External link in |publisher= (help)
  18. 1 2 Rivadavia, Eduardo. "((( Laws of Scourge > Overview )))". AllMusic.com. Retrieved 2009-02-03. External link in |publisher= (help)
  19. 1 2 3 4 Gimenez, 1995, p. 54.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 Filho 1992, p. 44.
  21. 1 2 Franzin, 1997, p. 16.
  22. ↑ Synnott, 1987, p. 381.
  23. ↑ Weinstein, 2000, p. 207.
  24. ↑ Nemitz, 1994, p. 58. "Todo playboy que você vê, está com o cabelo comprido, camisetinha do NIRVANA, do PEARL JAM, etc... Não que tenhamos algo contra essas bandas, mas temos contra o embalo. Quando vira moda a gente não acha legal, porque a massificação deturpa a mente."
  25. 1 2 3 4 Franzin, 1997, p. 18.
  26. 1 2 3 Ricardo, 2008, p. 54.
  27. ↑ Forrest, David (4 March 2009). "Sarcófago — To Reunite for Small Tour". Metal Storm. Retrieved 2009-03-05. External link in |publisher= (help)
  28. ↑ Antichrist (1987). "Desecration of Virgin". I.N.R.I. (CD booklet). Sarcófago. Belo Horizonte, MG: Cogumelo Records. p. 2.
  29. ↑ Vieira, Matheus (16 December 2008). "Manu Joker (Sarcófago)". Novo Metal – O Portal do Metal. Retrieved 2009-02-05. External link in |publisher= (help)
  30. ↑ Sarcófago, 2004, track 2.
  31. ↑ Fenriz (2004). "Sarcófago: Satanic Lust". Fenriz Presents... The Best of Old-School Black Metal (CD booklet). Sarcófago. Heckmondwike, West Yorkshire: Peaceville Records. p. 3.
  32. ↑ Moynihan & Søderlind, 2003, p. 36.
  33. ↑ Sephiroth (10 January 2003). "Satyricon – Intermezzo (EP)". Metal Storm. Retrieved 2009-01-23. External link in |publisher= (help)
  34. ↑ Satyricon, "I.N.R.I." Tribute to Sarcófago, Cogumelo Records, 2001.
  35. ↑ Marcus, G. (1 October 2005). "King – Gorgoroth". Metal Clube – Home. Retrieved 2009-02-17. External link in |publisher= (help)
  36. ↑ "Beherit Interview at the Dark Legions Archive". ANUS.COM: American Nihilist Underground Society. Retrieved 2009-01-31. External link in |publisher= (help)
  37. ↑ Oliveira, Elimar. "ENTREVISTA: IMPALED NAZARENE (Em Inglês)". Versão On Line THUNDERGOD ZINE. Archived from the original on 21 November 2008. Retrieved 2009-02-14. External link in |publisher= (help)
  38. ↑ Impaled Nazarene, "The Black Vomit". Tribute to Sarcófago, Cogumelo Records, 2001.
  39. ↑ Kenny, David (director) (13 April 2007). Murder Music: A History of Black Metal (television). United Kingdom: ShashMedia.
  40. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Franzin, 1997, p. 17.
  41. ↑ Colmatti, 1997, p. 24.
  42. ↑ Barcinski & Gomes, 1999, p. 49.
  43. ↑ Barcinski & Gomes, 1999, p. 164.
  44. ↑ Franzin, 1997, p. 17. "Mas, pelo que eu conhecia deles, eu acho extremamente normal um irmão trair o outro naquela família, eles não medem muito as coisas para conseguir o que querem. Então, um irmão trair o outro ali, um trair a mãe, o amigo trair o outro... Se for pra ganhar grana, aposto que eles são capazes de fazer tudo."
  45. ↑ Chirazi, Steffan (2005). "TRACK BY TRACK with Max Cavalera". Soulfly (CD booklet). Soulfly. New York, NY: Roadrunner Records. p. 14.
  46. ↑ Cavalera, Max (2005). "Bumbklaatt". Soulfly (CD booklet). Soulfly. New York, NY: Roadrunner Records. p. 17.
  47. ↑ Rivers, Cindy (May 1998). "Max Cavalera Flies Solo". Ink 19 :: Music > Media > Thought. Retrieved 2009-02-13. External link in |publisher= (help)
  48. ↑ Ricardo, 2008, p. 56.

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Wednesday, April 13, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.