Scutum–Centaurus Arm

Observed structure of the Milky Way's spiral arms

The Scutum–Centaurus Arm (also known as Scutum-Crux arm), is a long, diffuse curving streamer of stars, gas and dust that spirals outward from the proximate end of the Milky Way's central bar. The Milky Way has been assumed since the 1950s to have four spiral arms although the evidence for this has never been strong.^[1] In 2008, observations using the Spitzer Space Telescope failed to show the expected density of red clump giants that in the direction of the Sagittarius and Norma arms.^[2] In January 2014, a 12-year study into the distribution and lifespan of massive stars^[3] and a study of the distribution of masers and open clusters ^[4] both found evidence for four spiral arms.

The Scutum–Centaurus Arm lies between the minor Carina–Sagittarius Arm and the major Perseus Arm. The Scutum–Centaurus Arm arm starts near the core as the Scutum Arm, then gradually turns into the Centaurus Arm.^[5]

The region where the Scutum–Centaurus Arm arm connects to the bar of the galaxy is rich in star-forming regions. In 2006 a large cluster of new stars containing 14 red supergiant stars was discovered there and named RSGC1. In 2007 a cluster of approximately 50,000 newly formed stars named RSGC2 was located only a few hundred light years from RSGC1. It is thought to be less than 20 million years old and contains 26 red supergiant stars, the largest grouping of such stars known.^[6] Other clusters in this region include RSGC3 and Alicante 8.^[7]

References

1. Bash, F. N. (1981). "Does the Galaxy have four spiral arms". The Astrophysical Journal 250: 551. Bibcode:1981ApJ...250..551B. doi:10.1086/159401.
2. Churchwell, E.; et al. (2009). "The Spitzer/GLIMPSE surveys: a new view of the Milky Way". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 121 (877): 213. Bibcode:2009PASP..121..213C. doi:10.1086/597811.
3. Urquhart, J. S.; Figura, C. C.; Moore, T. J. T.; Hoare, M. G.; Lumsden, S. L.; Mottram, J. C.; Thompson, M. A.; Oudmaijer, R. D. (2013). "The RMS survey: Galactic distribution of massive star formation". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 437 (2): 1791. arXiv:1310.4758. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.437.1791U. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt2006.
4. Bobylev, V. V.; Bajkova, A. T. (2013). "The Milky Way spiral structure parameters from data on masers and selected open clusters". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 437 (2): 1549. arXiv:1310.3974. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.437.1549B. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1987.
5. Churchwell, Ed; Babler, Brian L.; Meade, Marlin A. (2009). "The Spitzer/GLIMPSE Surveys: A New View of the Milky Way" (pdf). Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 121 (877): 213–230. Bibcode:2009PASP..121..213C. doi:10.1086/597811.
6. >Davies, B.; Figer, D. F.; Kudritzki, R. P.; MacKenty, J.; Najarro, F.; Herrero, A. (2007). "A Massive Cluster of Red Supergiants at the Base of the Scutum‐Crux Arm". The Astrophysical Journal (pdf) 671: 781. arXiv:0708.0821. Bibcode:2007ApJ...671..781D. doi:10.1086/522224.
7. Negueruela, I.; González-Fernández, C.; Marco, A.; Clark, J. S.; Martínez-Núñez, S. (2010). "Another cluster of red supergiants close to RSGC1". Astronomy and Astrophysics 513: A74. arXiv:1002.1823. Bibcode:2010A&A...513A..74N. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913373.