Shivaji in popular culture

Shivaji (1629–1680 CE), was an Indian warrior king and was the founder of the Maratha Empire in India. He has been considered as a prominent historical figure in popular imagination. A number of films, books, plays and television serials have been produced about his life and about figures associated with him.

Films

Name of the film Year Film Company Language Cast and Crew Notes
Sinhagad[1][2] 1923[1][3] Maharashtra Film Company[1][4] Silent film Cast-V. Shantaram, Baburao Painter.[1][2]

Director-Baburao Painter[1][2]

 Sinhagad proved so popular that it attracted the Revenue Department's attention to bring about introduction of Entertainment Tax.[3][5]
Kalyan Khajina[2][3] 1924[3] Maharashtra Film Company[3] Silent film Sultana,[6] Baburao Painter,[3] Master Vithal[7]

Director-Baburao Painter[3]

 Together, Sinhagad and Kalyan Khajina won a medal at the Wembley Exhibition, London. One newspaper, Daily Express, described the films as full of strangely wistful beauty, and acted with extraordinary grace.[2]
Chhatrapati Sambhaji[8] 1925[8] United Pictures Syndicate[9] Silent film Cast-Parshwanath Yeshwant Altekar.[10]
Director-Narayanrao D. Sarpotdar[11]
Netaji Palkar[2][5][12][13] 1927[12][13] Maharashtra Film Company[5] Silent film Cast-Ansuya, Balasaheb Yadav, Ganpat Bakre, Zunzarrao Pawar[14][15]
Director-V. Shantaram,[16][17][18] k.dhaiber[15][19]
Thoratanchi Kamala[11][20] 1927[11][20] United Pictures Syndicate[11][20] Silent film Director-Narayanrao D. Sarpotdar[11][20]
Ganimi Kawa[21][22] 1928[21][22] Aryan Film Co.[22] Silent film Cast- Durgabai, Amboo (Lalita Pawar), P. N. Varne.[22]
Director-Narayanrao D. Sarpotdar[22]
Bajiprabhu Deshpande[3][5][13] 1929[3][5][13] Maharashtra Film Company[5] Silent film Director-Baburao Painter[3][5][23]
Udaykal[24][25][26] 1930[25][26] Prabhat Film Company[24] Silent film[24] Cast-V.Shantaram[25]

Director-V.Shantaram[24][25][26]

 The original title of the film was Swarajya Toran (the flag of freedom) and the film was about Shivaji Maratha's fight against the Mughal rulers. Both these facts drew censorship – the title had to be changed and the story was frowned upon. Mahatma Gandhi's call for Civil Disobedience, the Dandi March against the Salt Law formed the political background of the period and the colonial government saw in the film an endorsement of the Mahatma's actions.[25]
Bhawani Talwar[20][27] 1931[27] Aryan Film Co.[20][27] Silent film Director-Narayanrao D. Sarpotdar[20][27]
Sinhagad[28][29] 1932[28][29] Prabhat Film Company[28][30] Marathi Director-V. Shantaram[28] Based on Hari Narayan Apte's novel Gad Aala Pan Sinha Gela.[29]
Chatrapati Sambhaji[7][29] 1934[7] Saraswati Cinetone Company Marathi Cast-Master Vithal,[7]
director- Parshwanath Yeshwant Altekar[31]
Shakakarta Shivaji 1934 Shri Jaidevi Cinetone Company Marathi Directed by Nagendra Majumdar, starring Madhav Kale,Muzumdar, Athavale, Madhukar Gupte, B. Apte, Master Amritlal, Master Umesh, Gohar Karnataki, Indira Wadkar
Sant Tukaram[25][30][32][33][34] 1936[25][32][33] Prabhat Film Company[25][33][34] Marathi Cast – Vishnupant Pagnis as Tukaram, Gauri as Jijai,[25] B. Nandrekar, Shankar Kulkarni, Kusum Bhagwat, Shanta Majumdar, Master Chhotu, Pandit Damle
Director – Visnhupant Damle,S Fatelal[32][34]		 The film was screened at the 1937 Venice Film Festival and was the first Indian film to get a screening at an international film festival. The film was adjudged as one of the three best films of the year in the World, the other two being Maria Nover of Hungary and Flying Doctor from Australia.[35]
Swarajya Seemevar[36][37] 1937[37] Prince Shivaji Productions Marathi , starring Col. Nanasaheb Hungle, Kumar Dilip, Nanasaheb Phatak, Shankarrao Bhonsale, Jayshree Ghorpade, Master Suresh, Dinkar Kamhana, Raja Pandit, Samar


Director-Major Dadasaheb Nimbalkar,[37] Story, Screenplay, Dialogues and Lyrics by Bhalji Pendharkar,[36][37] Music by Dada Chandekar
Baji Prabhu Deshpande[29] 1939[29] Maharashtra Pictures Marathi
Netaji Palkar[7][36][38][39] 1939[7][39][40] Arun Pictures[38] Marathi Cast-Lalita pawar,Master Vithal,[7] Bhalji Pendharkar[38]

Director-Bhalji Pendharkar[36][38][39][40]
Bhagwa Zhenda[41] 1939 Saraswati Cinetone Marathi
Raigad[42] 1940[42] Bhagyodaya Pictures Marathi N. G. Deware Main Cast: Pramod Pawar, Shashank Udapurkar. (G. S. Devre)
Thoratanchi Kamala[39][43] 1941[39] Famous Arun Chitra[43] Marathi Cast- Chandrakant, Sumati Gupta, Nanasaheb Phatak

Director- Bhalji Pendharkar[39]
Bahirji Naik[29][39][44] 1943[29][39] Marathi Cast- Suryakant,[44] Master Vithal

Director- Bhalji Pendharkar[39]
Jai Bhawani[44] 1947 Prabhakar Chitra Marathi Cast- Suryakant,[44] Master vithal.
Director- Jaishankar Danve
Shilanganache Sone[44] 1949 Prabhakar Chitra Marathi Cast- Suryakant,[44] Shanta Apte, Baburao Pendharkar, Master Vithal, Hansa Wadkar.
Director- Bhalji Pendharkar.
Kalyan Khajina 1950 Manik Chitra Marathi Directed by D. S. Aambapkar, starring Durga Khote, Rajan, Baburao Pendharkar, Usha Kiran, Hansha Wadkar Music: Datta Davajekar
Mard Maratha[45] 1951 Suramya Chitra[45] Marathi Directed by Keshavrao Talpade starring Usha Kiran, Vivek,Master Chotu, Vasant Shinde,Sudha Apte Music: Shridhar Parsekar
Swarajyacha Sheeledar[44] 1951 Shree Gauri Chitra Marathi Cast- Suryakant,[44] Chandrakant.

Director-Master Vithal.

 Music Director: Datta Davjekar
Chhatrapati Shivaji[7] 1952[7] Prabhakar Chitra Marathi Directed by Bhalji Pendharkar

Starring Chandrakant, Jagirdar, Baburao Pendarkar, Alatekar, Master vittal,[7] Leela, Vanmala, Sakuntala, Ratnamala, Ranjana and Lalita Pawar
Music Director-C.Ramchandran[46]
Naraveer Tanaji[45][47] 1952[47] Kohinoor Production[45] Marathi starring Durga Khote, Master Vithal Music: Sudhir Phadke, Lyricist: G.D. Madgulkar, singers:Asha Bhosle,Sudhir Phadke,Amar Sheikh
Pratapgad[45][47] 1952[47] Navayug amrit chitra[45] Marathi
Chhatrapati Shivaji[24][48] 1952[48] Hindi[24][48] Cast-Prithviraj Kapoor,[24] Lata mangeshkar[48]
Maharani Yesubai[49] 1954[49] Marathi Director-Bhalji Pendharkar[49]
Pawankhind[49] 1956[49] JayBhavani Chitra[46] Marathi Cast- Baburao Pendharkar, Suryakant[44] and Master Vithal

Director-Bhalji Pendharkar[46][49]
Naikinicha Sajja[49] 1957[49] JayBhavani Chitra[46] Marathi Director-Bhalji Pendharkar,[46][49] Music Director-Hemant Kumar[46]
Mohityanchi Manjula[44][49] 1963[49] Jaybhavani Chitra Marathi Cast-Suryakant,[44] Jayshree Gadkar, Chittaranjan Kolhatkar, Baburao Pendharkar, and Master Vithal
Director-Bhalji Pendharkar[49]		 Written by Muktak Aklujkar, Singer : Lata Mangeshkar
Thorataanchi Kamala[44] 1963 Surel Chitra Marathi Cast -Suryakant,[44] Uma,Chandrakant, Indira Chitnis, Vasant Shinde, Chitra, Tara, Manikraj, Baburao Pendharkar, Barchibahadar, Ganpat Patil, Gulab Mokashi, Ranjana, Jog, Shankarrao Bhosale, Kamal Jamenis.Produced and Directed by Madhav Shinde, Music: Datta Davjekar, Lyrics: Kavi Sanjeev and Suryakant Khandekar,Story, Screenplay and Dialogues by Bhalji Pendharkar, Playback Singer : Lata Mangeshkar, Asha Bhosale, Usha Mangeshkar, Meena Khadikar
Maratha Tituka Melwava[49][50] 1964[49] JayBhawani Chitra Marathi Cast- Alhaad, Kashinath Ghanekar, Chandrakant Gokhale, Sulochana Latkar,Rajshekar,[50] Jivankala

Director-Bhalji Pendharkar,[49] Music: Anandghan (Lata Mangeshkar)[50]

 Lyrics: Shanta Shelke, Singer : Hridaynath Mangeshkar,Popular song-शूर अम्ही सरदार अम्हला काय कुनाची भीती ?देव, देश अन्‌ धर्मापायी प्राण घेतलं हाती !
Santa Tukaram[51][52][53] 1964[51][52] Ganesh Prasad Movies Kannada[51] Cast-Dr. Raj Kumar,[53] Leelavathi, Uday, Rajashri, Pandharibai, Sundarrao Nadkarni,[52]
Director- Sundararao Nadkarni,Lyrics- Chi. Sadashivaiah,Music- Vijayabhaskar[52]		 Silver medal (Rajat Kamal) for best film in Kannada[51]
Raigadcha Rajbandhi 1965 Swanand Chitra Marathi Directed by Raja Thakur, Starring Sulochana, Durga Khote, Chittaranjan Kolhatkar, Chandrakant Gokhale, Ganpat Patil Producer: Raja Badhe, Music: D.P. Korgaonkar, Lyricist: Raja Badhe, Singers: Shahir Piraji Sarnaik
Dhanya te Santaji Dhanaji[54] 1968[54] Sahyadri Pictures Marathi Cast-Suryakant,[44] chandrakant, Mama Pendse,

uma, ratnamala, sujata and nargis banu
Produced and Directed by Madhav Shinde,Music-Vasant Desai[54]
Bhakta Tukaram
(Telugu: భక్త తుకారాం)[55]		 1973[55][56] Telugu[55][56] Cast-Akkineni Nageshwara Rao as Tukaram[56] and Shivaji Ganesan as Sivaji
Raja ShivChhatrapati 1974 Shivshakti Production Marathi Directed by Chandravadan,

Starring Shriram Gojamgunde, Sumati Gupte, Smita Patil, Anupama, Kanan Kaushal, Veena, Bharat Kapoor, Chandrashekhar, Iftekar, Shrikant Moghe, Gajanan Jagirdar, Chandrakant Gokhle, Harindnath Chattopaddhyay, Malati Pendharkar, Girija Pendharkar, Charushila Oak, Vasant Athawale, Viju Khote, Bindu, Mahipal.
Netaji Palkar[44][50] 1978 Bani Enterprises Marathi Cast- Suryakant,[44] Rajshekhar,[50] Chittaranjan Kolhatkar, Ganpat Patil, Kamini Bhatiya, Kuldeep Pawar, Ranjeet Budhkar, Sanjivni Beedkar, Sarla Yeolekar.
Director-Kamlakar Torane,Music Director-Ram Kadam[50]
Ganimi Kawa[57][58] 1981[57] Suryakant[44] Sohadam Chitra Marathi Starring Dada Kondke, Usha Chavan, Yashwant Dutt and Suryakant[44]
Bal Shivaji[59][60][61] 1981 Children's Film Society[60][61] Marathi,

Documentary[60]

 Cast- Anand Joshi,[59] Bhalchandra Kulkarni, Madhu Aapte, Manikraj, Javavi Khandekar.
Director- Prabhakar Pendharkar.
Sher Shivaji[62][63] 1987[62][63] Maharashtra Govt[64] Hindi[64] Cast-Parikshat Sahni, Smita Patil, Amrish Puri, Asrani, Shreeram Lagoo, Ramesh Deo, Jayashree Gadkar,Vijaya Mehta[62]

Director-Ram Gabale[64] Music Director-Sudhir Phadke[64]
Sarja[65][66][67][68] 1987[65][67][68] Dattatray Chitra[69] Marathi Cast- Ajinkya Dev,[66][70] Pooja,Ravindra Mahajani, Seema Deo, Nilu Phule,[68] Ramesh Dev, Kuldeep Pawar,
[69]

Director- Rajdutt[65][69] Music Director- Hridaynath Mangeshkar,[69] Singer-Suresh Wadkar,Lata mangeshkar[68]

 National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Marathi in 35th National Film Awards year-1987[68]
Me Shivajiraje Bhosale Boltoy[71][72] 2009 Santosh Manjrekar[71][72] Marathi Cast-Mahesh Manjrekar as Shivaji Maharaj, Sachin Khedekar[72] as Dinkar Bhosale, Makarand Anaspure as Raiba, Siddarth Jadhav as Usman Parker, Suchitra Bandekar as Sumitra Bhosale, Priya Bapat as Shashikala Bhosale, Abhijeet Kelkar as Rahul Bhosale, Ganesh Yadav as Nandkumar, Reema Lagoo as Jijabai, Vidyadhar Joshi as Gosalia, Bharat Jadhav- Special appearance as Powada presenter[73]
Director-Santosh Manjarekar[71]		 Set the record for the biggest opening weekend for a Marathi film[71][74]

Awards- MICTA (Marathi International Cinema & Theatre Awards) 2011 (Best Film,Best Actor Male-Sachin Khedekar,Best Editor-Sarvesh Parab,Best Director-Santosh Manjrekar )[72]

Rajmata Jijau[75][76] 2011 Jijai Chitra Marathi Directed by Yashwant Bhalkar,starring Smita Deshmukh, Milind Gunaji, Amol Kolhe and Rahul Solapurkar[75][77] The film was based on Madan Patil's book "Jijausaheb".[75]

Television

Name of the Serial Channel (Language) Cast and Crew Note
Chhatrapati Shivaji[78][79][80][81] Doordarshan (Hindi)[81][82] A serial by Vinay Apte.[80][81][82] ITA Awards 2001– Best Historical Serial,[78][80]

Best Art Direction (Nitin Desai),[78] Best Costumes- (Pradeep Muley),[78] Best Make Up – (Ashok Pangam)[78]
ITA Awards 2003– Best Historical Serial,[79][80] Best Costumes- (Pradeep Muley),[79] Best Make Up – (Ashok Pangam)[79]

Raja ShivChhatrapati[83] Star Pravah[83] (Marathi) Serial by Nitin Chandrakant Desai,Cast-Dr Amol Kolhe,[84] Mrinal Kulkarni,Avinash Narkar,Neena Kulkarni,Milind Safai and Yateen Karyekar,[83] a Marathi television
Veer Shivaji[85][86][87][88] Cast-Paras Arora[86] and Dr. Amol Kolhe – Shivaji Shahaji Raje Bhosle,[88] Shilpa Tulaskar – Jijabai Shahaji Raje Bhosle,Mandar Jadhav – Maharaj Sambhaji Shahaji Raje Bhosle,Milind Gunaji – Maharaj Shahaji Raje Bhosle,Palak Jain – Saibai Shivaji Raje Bhosle,Ayesha kaduskar – Soyarabai,Natasha Sinha – Begum Huzur,Ali Hassan – Sultan Hazarat Adil Shah and others[85][87]
Director-Prasad Gavandi,Produced By- Abhimanyu Singh[87]

Theatre

References

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  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Baburao Painter". India Heritage. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Gulzar; Govind Nihalani; Saibal Chatterjee (2003). Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema: An Enchanting Close-Up of India's Hindi Cinema. Popular Prakashan. p. 549. ISBN 978-81-7991-066-5. Retrieved 11 November 2012.
  4. ↑ Geoffrey Nowell-Smith (1996). The Oxford history of world cinema. Oxford University Press. p. 399. ISBN 0-19-811257-2.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Baburao Painter". Upperstall.
  6. ↑ Garga, Bhagavan Das (1996). So Many Cinemas. Eminence Designs. p. 32. ISBN 978-81-900602-1-9. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Chatterjee, ed. board Gulzar, Govind Nuhalani, Saibal (2003). Encyclopaedia of Hindi cinema. New Delhi: Encyclopaedia Britannica. p. 637. ISBN 978-81-7991-066-5.
  8. 1 2 Rajendra Ojha; Screen World Publication (1988). Screen World Publication's 75 glorious years of Indian cinema: complete filmography of all films (silent & Hindi) produced between 1913 and 1988. Screen World Publication. p. 37. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  9. ↑ Firoze Rangoonwalla, Vishwanath Das (1970). Indian filmography: silent & Hindi films, 1897–1969. J. Udeshi. p. 17.
  10. ↑ Willemen, Ashish Rajadhyaksha ; Paul (1999). Encyclopaedia of Indian cinema (New rev. ed.). New Delhi: Oxford Univ. Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-85170-669-6.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 Cinema Vision India 1 (1). 1980 http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=hSyuUNnlHJDIrQfYiYDIBw&id=jL5ZAAAAMAAJ&dq=Chhatrapati+Sambhaji+1925&q=Chhatrapati+Sambhaji#search_anchor. Retrieved 22 November 2012. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. 1 2 Verma, R.K. (2000). Filmography : silent cinema, 1913–1934. Dehradun: Film City Prod. p. 308. ISBN 81-7525-224-3.
  13. 1 2 3 4 South Asian Cinema Foundation, contributor (2001). South Asian Cinema 1 (3–4): 76 http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=6FyuUOT0N8_qrQfP_YCoBA&id=oeVkAAAAMAAJ&dq=Bajiprabhu+Deshpande+1929&q=Bajiprabhu+Deshpande#search_anchor. Retrieved 22 November 2012. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  14. ↑ "Marathi cinema database".
  15. 1 2 Verma, R.K. (2000). Filmography : silent cinema, 1913–1934. Dehradun: Film City Prod. p. 177. ISBN 81-7525-224-3.
  16. ↑ Well ahead of his times The Hindu, 17 November 2012.
  17. ↑ A navrang of Shantaram's films – Retrospective The Hindu, 2 May 2002.
  18. ↑ National Film Development Corporation of India, India. Directorate of Film Festivals, India. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Publications Division. Indian Cinema. Directorate of Film Festivals, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, 1991. pp. ix.
  19. ↑ Cinema Vision India 1 (1). 1980 http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=y1GuUNH5HoLxrQfEzYCgCA&id=jL5ZAAAAMAAJ&dq=Netaji+Palkar+1927+balasaheb+yadav&q=Netaji+Palkar+#search_anchor. Retrieved 22 November 2012. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Usai, editor, Suresh Chabria, associate editor, Paolo Cherchi (1994). Light of Asia : Indian silent cinema, 1912–1934. New Delhi: Wiley Eastern. pp. 128, 199. ISBN 978-81-224-0680-1.
  21. 1 2 Willemen, Ashish Rajadhyaksha ; Paul (1999). Encyclopaedia of Indian cinema (New rev. ed.). New Delhi: Oxford Univ. Press. p. 207. ISBN 978-0-85170-669-6.
  22. 1 2 3 4 5 Indian filmography: silent & Hindi films, 1897–1969. J. Udeshi. 1970. p. 33. |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
  23. ↑ Corporation, conceived by National Film Development (1998). Indian cinema : a visual voyage. New Delhi: Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India. p. 14. ISBN 978-81-230-0646-8.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Chatterjee, ed. board Gulzar, Govind Nuhalani, Saibal (2003). Encyclopaedia of Hindi cinema. New Delhi: Encyclopaedia Britannica. pp. 66, 40. ISBN 978-81-7991-066-5.
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "V. Shantaram (1901–90) Prabhat Studios /Rajkamal Kalamandir". indiaheritage.org. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
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  28. 1 2 3 4 Kiran Shantaram,Sanjit Narwekar (2003). V. Shantaram: The Legacy of the Royal Lotus. Rupa Publications India Pvt. Ltd. p. 119. ISBN 978-81-291-0218-8.
  29. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Prachi Deshpande (2007). Creative Pasts:Historical Memory And Identity in Western India 1700–1960. Columbia University Press. p. 251. ISBN 978-0-231-12486-7.
  30. 1 2 Prabhat Film Company Prabhat Film Company
  31. ↑ Sanjit Narwekar, Raghuvir Kul,, D. B. Samant, Maharashtra Film, Stage & Cultural Development Corporation. Marathi Cinema: in retrospect. p. 69.
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  34. 1 2 3 ed, Sangita Gopal ... (2008). Global Bollywood travels of Hindi song and dance ([Online-Ausg.] ed.). Minneapolis [u.a.]: Univ. of Minnesota Press. pp. 18, 50. ISBN 0-8166-4579-5.
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  36. 1 2 3 4 Saryu Doshi (1985). Maharashtra. Marg Publications. pp. 117, 118. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
  37. 1 2 3 4 Gautam Kaul (1998). Cinema and the Indian freedom struggle: covering the subcontinent. Sterling Publishers. p. 118. ISBN 978-81-207-2116-6. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
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  39. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Platinum Jubilee of Indian Cinema. Genres of Indian cinema. The Author. p. 123.
  40. 1 2 Mishra, D.P. (2006). Great masters of Indian cinema : the Dadasaheb Phalke Award winners. New Delhi: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India. p. 81. ISBN 978-81-230-1361-9.
  41. ↑ Deshpande, Anirudh (2009). CLASS, POWER AND CONSCIOUSNESS IN INDIAN CINEMA AND TELEVISION. Primus Books delhi. p. 78. ISBN 978-81-908918-2-0. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
  42. 1 2 Sanjit Narwekar, Raghuvir Kul, D. B. Samant, Maharashtra Film, Stage & Cultural Development Corporation. Marathi Cinema: in retrospect. 1995: Maharashtra Film, Stage & Cultural Development Corp. p. 21.
  43. 1 2 Asian Film Directory and Who's who. 1952. p. 179.
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  46. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Isak Mujawar (1969). Maharashtra: birthplace of Indian film industry. chief information officer, Maharashtra Information Centre. pp. 101, 147, 148. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
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  48. 1 2 3 4 Ramesh Dawar (1 January 2006). Bollywood Yesterday-Today-Tomorrow. Star Publications. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-905863-01-3. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
  49. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Sanjit Narwekar; Raghuvir Kul; D. B. Samant; Maharashtra Film, Stage & Cultural Development Corporation (1995). Marathi Cinema: in retrospect. Maharashtra Film, Stage & Cultural Development Corp. p. 80. Retrieved 23 November 2012. Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)
  50. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "rajshekhar-Home page". Retrieved 23 November 2012.
  51. 1 2 3 4 Sūryanātha Kāmat (1983). Karnataka State Gazetteer. Office of the Chief Editor, Karnataka Gazetteer Department, Government of Karnataka. p. 1104. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
  52. 1 2 3 4 Dr. Raj Kumar Memorial Website
  53. 1 2 "Pride of Kannada".
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  55. 1 2 3 Harris M. Lentz (April 2002). Obituaries in the Performing Arts, 2001: Film, Television, Radio, Theatre, Dance, Music, Cartoons and Pop Culture. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-1278-5. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
  56. 1 2 3 Retrospect : Bhakta Tukaram
  57. 1 2 Willemen, Ashish Rajadhyaksha ; Paul; Rajadhyaksha, Ashish; Willemen, Paul (1999). Encyclopaedia of Indian cinema (New rev. ed.). New Delhi: Oxford Univ. Press. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-85170-669-6.
  58. ↑ comp.; Narwekar, ed. by Sanjit (1994). Directory of Indian film-makers and films (1. publ. ed.). Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 236. ISBN 978-0-313-29284-2.
  59. 1 2 National Film Development Corporation of India, India. Directorate of Film Festivals, India. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Publications Division, Contributor (1981). Indian Cinema. Directorate of Film Festivals, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. pp. 133, 134.
  60. 1 2 3 Gavankar, Nilu N (20 July 2011). The Desai Trio and the Movie Industry of India. AuthorHouse. p. 208. ISBN 978-1-4634-1941-7. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
  61. 1 2 Rukmini, edited by T.M. Ramachandran, associate editor, S. (1985). 70 years of Indian cinema, 1913–1983. Bombay: CINEMA India-International. p. 545. ISBN 978-0-86132-090-5.
  62. 1 2 3 "Sher Shivaji (1987)". The New york Times. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
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