Siberian Tatar language

Siberian Tatar
Татар тел Tatar tel, Сыбыр тел Sibir tel
Pronunciation	[sɯvɯr tel]
Native to	Russia
Region	Omsk, Tyumen, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo, Sverdlovsk, Kurgan Oblasts (regions)
Ethnicity	Siberian Tatars
Native speakers	100,000 (2012)[1]
Language family	Turkic Common Turkic Kipchak Kipchak–Noghay Siberian Tatar
Writing system	Cyrillic
Language codes
ISO 639-3	sty
Glottolog	east2336[2]

Siberian Tatar (Татар тел, Татарца, Сыбыр тел, Сыбырца, Tatar tel, Tatarca, Sibir tel, Sibirca) is a Turkic language spoken by Siberian Tatars mainly located in the Omsk, Tyumen, Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo, Sverdlovsk and Kurgan oblasts in southwestern Siberia. Siberian Tatar belongs to the Kypchak group of Turkic languages, with also some Siberian Turkic features. It should not be confused with Tatar proper, which is native to Volga - Ural region of Russia, to which it is related but with which it is not mutually intelligible.

Siberian Tatar consists of three dialects: Tobol-Irtysh, Baraba, and Tomsk. According to D. G. Tumasheva, the Baraba dialect is grammatically closest to the southern dialect of Altai, Kyrgyz, and has significant grammatical similarities with Chulym, Khakas, Shor and Tuvan. The Tomsk dialect is, in her opinion, even closer to Altai and similar languages. Tevriz speech of the Tobol-Irtysh dialect shares significant elements with Siberian Turkic languages, namely with Altai, Khakas and Shor.

Siberian Tatar is listed in the UNESCO Red Book of Endangered Languages as a "definitely endangered" language.^[3]

Dialects

Professor G. AKHATOV. The Map of the Dialects of the Siberian Tatars,1965

Although Gabdulkhay Akhatov was a Volga Tatar, he immersed into studying of the phonetic peculiarities of Siberian Tatar language of the indigenous population of Siberia, the Siberian Tatars. In his classic fundamental research work "The Dialect of the West Siberian Tatars" (1963) Akhatov wrote about Tobol-Irtysh Siberian Tatars, a western group of Siberian Tatars, who are indigenous to the Omsk and Tyumen Oblasts.
By studying the phonetic peculiarities of the dialect of the local population of Siberia, Professor Gabdulkhay Akhatov first among the scientists discovered in the Speech of the Siberian Tatars is such a thing as 'clip-clop',^[4] which in his opinion, was obtained for the Siberian Tatars of Kipchaks.^[5] In his classic fundamental research work "Dialect of the West Siberian Tatars" (1963) Gabdulkhay Akhatov wrote about a territorial resettlement of the Tobol-Irtysh Tatars Tyumen and Omsk areas. Subjecting a comprehensive integrated analysis of the phonetic system, the lexical composition and grammatical structure, the scientist concluded that the language of the Siberian Tatars is a separate language, it is divided into three dialects and it is one of the most ancient Turkic languages.^[4] Professor G.Akhatov named Siberian Tatar dialects of Tyumen and Omsk Oblasts dialects of the West Siberian Tatars, while dialects of Baraba and Tom Tatars he named dialects of the East Siberian Tatars.

Classification of the Siberian Tatar dialects by Tumasheva.^[6]

• Tobol-Irtysh dialect
  • Tyumen dialect — Tyumensky, Yalutorovsky, Nizhnetavdinsky, Isetsky, and Zavodoukovsky rayons of Tyumen oblast.
  • Tobol dialect — Tobolsky, Vagaysky, Yarkovsky rayons of Tyumen oblast.
    • East Tobol (Tokuz-Uvat) subdialect — Vagaysky rayon
  • Behind-swamp dialect — Tobolsky and Uvatsky rayons of Tyumen oblast.
  • Tevriz (Kurdak, Kurtak) dialect — Tevrizsky, Ust-Ishimsky, and Znamensky rayons of Omsk oblast.
  • Tar dialect — Tarsky, Bolsherechensky, Kolosovsky rayons of Omsk oblast.
• Baraba dialect — Barabinsky, Kuybyshevsky, Kyshtovsky, Vengerovsky, Ubinsky, Chanovsky rayons of Novosibirsk oblast.^[7]
• Tomsk dialect
  • Eushta-Chat dialect — Tomsky rayon of Tomsk oblast, Kolyvansky rayon of Novosibirsk oblast.
  • Kalmak dialect — Yurginsky rayon of Kemerovo oblast.

Alphabet

• Siberian Tatar Cyrillic alphabet:

А а	Ә ә	Б б	В в	Г г	Д д	Е е	Ё ё
Ж ж	З з	И и	Й й	К к	Л л	М м
Н н	Ң ң	О о	Ө ө	П п	Р р	С с	Т т
У у	Ү ү	Ф ф	Х х	Ц ц	Ч ч	Ш ш
Щ щ	Ъ ъ	Ы ы	Ь ь	Э э	Ю ю	Я я

а

ә

б

в

г

ғ

д

е

ё

ж

з

и

й

к

ҡ

л

м

н

ң

o

ө

п

p

c

т

у

ү

ф

x

ц

ч

ш

щ

ъ

ы

ь

э

ю

я

[a], [o]

[æ]

[b], [v]

[v]

[ɡ]

[ɣ]

[d]

[ɛ], [jɛ]

[jo]

[ʒ]

[z]

[i]

[j]

[k]

[q]

[l]

[m]

[n]

[ŋ]

[o]

[œ]

[p]

[r]

[s]

[t]

[u], [w]

[u']

[f]

[x]

[ts]

[tʃ]

[ʃ]

[ʃtʃ]

[(.j)]

[o]

[ʲ]

[ɛ]

[ju]

[ja]

Latin

• Siberian Tatar Latin alphabet:

A a	 â	B b	C c	Ç ç	D d	E e	F f
Y y	Ɣ ɣ	H h	İ i	Î î	J j	K k	Q q
L l	M m	N n	Ŋ ŋ	O o	Ô ô	P p	R r
S s	Ş ş	T t	U u	Û û	V v	G g	W w
Z z	X x	Ġ ġ	Ż ż

a

â

b

c

ç

d

e

f

y

ɣ

h

i

î

j

k

q

l

m

n

ŋ

o

ô

p

r

s

ş

t

u

û

v

g

z

w

ġ

ż

[ɡ]

[æ]

[b], [v]

[t͡s]

[t͡ʃ]

[d]

[e]

[f]

[ɡ]

[ɣ]

[h]

[o]

[i]

[j]

[k]

[q]

[l]

[m]

[n]

[ŋ]

[o]

[œ]

[p]

[r]

[s]

[ʃ]

[t]

[u], [w]

[u']

[v]

[ʒ]

[z]

[u]

[d͡ʒ]

[d͡z]

References

1. Siberian Tatar at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
2. Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Eastern Tatar". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
3. Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd ed. Paris, UNESCO Publishing. Online version.
4. Gabdulkhay Akhatov. The Dialect of the West Siberian Tatars. Ufa, 1963, 195 p. (Russian)
5. Gabdulkhay Akhatov. Dialects of the West Siberian Tatars. Doctoral Dissertation. Tashkent, 1965. (Russian)
6. Tumasheva, D. G. [Тумашева Д. Г.] 1977. Диалекты сибирских татар. Опыт сравнительного исследования. Казань, 1977 (Russian)
7. Корусенко С. Н., Кулешова Н. В. Генеалогия и этническая история барабинских и курдакско-саргатских татар. — Новосибирск, 1999. — С.6. (Russian)

External links

• Information about Siberian Tatar language