Simeon De Witt

Simeon De Witt
Simeon De Witt painted by Ezra Ames
Born	December 25, 1756 Wawarsing, Ulster County, New York
Died	December 3, 1834 (aged 77) Ithaca, Tompkins County, New York
Alma mater	Queens College

Simeon De Witt (December 25, 1756 – December 3, 1834) was Geographer and Surveyor General of the Continental Army during the American Revolution and Surveyor General of the State of New York for the fifty years from 1784 until his death.

Life

He was one of fourteen children of physician Dr. Andries De Witt and Jannetje Vernooy De Witt, both of Dutch ancestry.^[1] He was the only graduate in the class of 1776 at Queens College (now Rutgers College of Rutgers University) in New Brunswick, New Jersey. After the capture of New Brunswick by the British during the war, De Witt fled to New York City where he joined the Revolutionary Army.

In June 1778, having been trained as a surveyor by James Clinton, the husband of Simeon's aunt Mary, De Witt was appointed as assistant to the Geographer and Surveyor of the Army Colonel Robert Erskine and contributed to a number of historically significant maps. After Erskine's death in 1780, De Witt was appointed to his post. In 1784, he was appointed New York State Surveyor General and died in office 50 years later, having been re-appointed and re-elected several times. Although he was a first cousin of DeWitt Clinton and a Democratic-Republican, he was never removed from office. Both Federalists and Bucktails recognized his outstanding qualification for the office. From 1810 to 1816, he was also a member of the first Erie Canal Commission.

De Witt was married three times. In 1789, he married Elizabeth Lynott (1767–1793, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Van Valkenburgh Lynott), and they had two children. In 1799, he married Jane Varick Hardenbergh (d. 1808, widow of Abraham Hardenbergh [1756-1794], and sister of Richard Varick), and their son, Richard Varick De Witt, became a prominent civil engineer. Later, Simeon married Susan Linn.

De Witt held four slaves at his residence in Albany, New York but by 1810 he had freed them, a common practice of the area. They continued to work in his household. He owned a considerable amount of land in the Finger Lakes area and is considered one of the founders of Ithaca, New York. He was often given credit for giving Classical antiquity Greek and Roman names to the twenty-eight central New York Military Tract townships that his office mapped after the war (to be given to veterans in payment for their military service). More recently, credit has been given to his clerk Robert Harpur, apparently a reader of classical literature.^[2]:p.245

New York State Map

1802 Map of the State of New York

In 1802, De Witt produced a detailed map of the state of New York. The work was then engraved by Gideon Fairman.^[3]

Exhibitions and Collections

On May 25, 2010 the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of American History exhibited the oldest surviving Anglo-American star map, hand-drawn in 1780 by Simeon De Witt, in its Albert H. Small Documents Gallery. The map shows the stars visible from De Witt's post in New Jersey. Drawing such a map, as De Witt himself later said, fostered an appreciation of "the ever shifting scenery of the skies and all the gorgeous drapery of heaven." During the Revolutionary War, when cut off from trade with Europe, colonists had to make their own maps; De Witt assisted military geographer and surveyor general Robert Erskine in drawing the maps needed by George Washington. Also on view are De Witt's drawing instruments and examples of European star maps and astrolabes. The exhibition closed on December 5, 2010. An existing online exhibition offers views of the star map and images of objects in the exhibition.^[4]

Portfolio samples

The following map sections were drawn by, or under the direction of, Simeon De Witt. The originals were not colored as these are.

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  1. Central New York Military Tract, c. 1792–1793

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  2. Twenty Townships, c. 1792–1793

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  3. Otsego County, New York, c. 1792–1793

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  4. George Croghan's Otsego Patents, c. 1790

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  5. Albany, New York 1790

References

1. Simeon de Witt, New Netherland Institute
2. Lemak, Joseph (2008). "Roman grandeur in Central New York: the Classical tradition in a nineteenth-century pioneer town". New York History 89 (3): 235–56.
3. De Witt, Simeon (1802). "Map of the State of New York". Library of Congress.
4. "Cosmos in Miniature: The Remarkable Star Map of Simeon De Witt". National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 24 April 2012.

External links

• Allen, David Y. (2008), How Simeon De Witt mapped New York State, New York Map Society Feature Article
• Guthorn, Peter J. (1966). American maps and map makers of the Revolution. Philip Freneau Press bicentennial series on the American Revolution. Monmouth Beach, N.J.: Philip Freneau Press. OCLC 1019460.
• Ristow, Walter W. (December 1968). "Simeon De Witt / pioneer American cartographer". The Canadian Cartographer 5 (2): 90–107. doi:10.3138/D235-1057-104G-J643. ISSN 0317-7173.
• Schubert, Frank N., ed. (June 1988). The nation builders: a sesquicentennial history of the Corps of Topographical Engineers, 1838–1863. EP 870-1-37. Fort Belvoir, Va.: Office of History, United States Army Corps of Engineers. OCLC 17385113.
• 1802 Map of Central New York
• Biography of Simeon De Witt on the New York State Museum website.
• Franklin and his Friends
• Names of Townships in the Military Tract
• Department of the Geographer to the Army Reenacting Unit, Brigade of the American Revolution
• Hardenbergh family info at Christ Church Cemetery, Manlius
• De Witt genealogy at Mr. Jumbo
• Cosmos in Miniature: The Remarkable Star Map of Simeon De Witt An online exhibition from the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution