Sinte Romani
| Sinte Romani | |
|---|---|
| Romani, Sinte, Romany, Manuche, Manouche, Ziguener, Sintí, Tsigane, Rommanes, Sinte, Sinti, Zigeuner, European Romany | |
| Native to | Germany, France, Austria, northern Italy |
| Ethnicity | Sinte-Manouche |
Native speakers | 320,000 (date missing)[1] |
|
Indo-European
| |
| Dialects | Lallere, Kranaria, Manouche, Gadschkene, Manuche, Praistiki, Estracharia, Slovenian-Croatian, Slovenian-Croatian Romani, Abbruzzesi, Eftawagaria, Krantiki, Piedmont Sintí, Serbian Romani |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
rmo |
| Glottolog |
sint1235[2] |
Sinte Romani (also known as Sintenghero Tschib(en), Sintitikes or Romanes /ˈrɒmənɪs/[3]) is the variety of Romani spoken by the Sinti people in Germany, France, Austria, some parts of northern Italy and other adjacent regions. It is characterized by significant German influence and is not mutually intelligible with other forms of Romani.[4] Romani is sometimes written as Romany (often in English) but native speaking people use the word Romani for the language.[5] The language is written in Latin script and is included in Indo-European, Indo-Aryan and Indo-Iranian language groups.[6]
General Information
Sinte or Sinti Romani is often known as the language of the Gypsies, a term used to describe the Romani people. Romani has derived from řom, the historical self-designation of speakers of the language.[5] Although Gypsies were known for being a nomadic and free spirited but today, only a small percent of Romani people are unsettled due to forced assimilation and other government. Most Romani people speak more than Sinte Romani, they also usually speak the language of the country they live in. Sinte Romani is mostly spoken in Europe, evenly spread among Germany, Switzerland, Serbia, and France.
Sample Vocabulary
Here is a list of some Romani to English words [7]
| Word | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Ale | But | Fr. Slavis |
| Ando foro | Into Town | |
| Bal | Hair | Cf Skr. Vadra, Hindi bara |
| Besh! | Sit! | |
| Binak | Twin | |
| Bogacha | Baked flour bread | |
| Bori | Daughter-in-law | Pl. boria |
| Chey | Girl/daughter | |
| Dad, Dat | Father | |
| Day | Mother | |
| Glas | Voice | Fr. Slavic |
| Kan | Ear | Cf. Skr khan, Hinki khan |
| Kish | Silk | European/Welsh Romani; fr. Persian |
| Love | Money | |
| Manch | Cheer Up | Fr. Romanian |
| Mom | Wax | Fr. Persian |
| Patrin | Leaf/road sign/marking | Non-polish |
| Phal | Brother | Welsh Romani |
| Prastlo | 'dishonoured' | Sinti |
| Raya | Landowners | Lovara |
| Shon | Moon | |
| Stanya | Stable | Fr. Slavic |
| Tacho | True | Welsh Romani |
See also
Further reading
- Acton, T. A., & Mundy, G. (1997). Romani culture and Gypsy identity. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire.
- Bakker, P., & Kuchukov, K. (2000). What is the Romani language? Paris: Centre de recherches tsiganes.
- Gilbert, J. (2014). Nomadic peoples and human rights. New York, NY: Routledge.
- Guy, W. (2001). Between past and future: The Roma of Central and Eastern Europe. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press.
- Matras, Y. (1999). Writing Romani: The pragmatics of codification in a stateless language. Applied Linguistics, 20(4), 481-502.
- Matras, Y. (2002). Romani: A linguistic introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Matras, Y. (2010). Romani in Britain: The afterlife of a language. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
- Saul, N., & Tebbutt, S. (2004). The role of the Romanies: Images and counter-images of "Gypsies"/Romanies in European cultures. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
- Smith, T.. (1997). Recognising Difference: The Romani 'Gypsy' Child Socialisation and Education Process. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 18(2), 243–256. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.proxy.libraries.rutgers.edu/stable/1393193
- Wells, R. S., Yuldasheva, N., Ruzibakiev, R., Underhill, P. A., Evseeva, I., Blue-Smith, J., . . . Bodmer, W. F. (n.d.). The Eurasian Heartland: A continental perspective on Y-chromosome diversity. Retrieved February 12, 2016, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC56946/
References
- ↑ Sinte Romani at Ethnologue (15th ed., 2005)
- ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Sinte Romani". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- ↑ "Romanes" entry in Collins English Dictionary, HarperCollins Publishers, 1998.
- ↑ https://www.eurac.edu/NR/rdonlyres/06B74945-34F5-452A-8859-6D6464038726/0/romaglob_final.pdf#page=91
- 1 2 Bakkar, Peter (2000). What is the Romani Language?. University of Hertfordshire Press.
- ↑ "Romani, Sinte". Ethnologue, Languages of the World. Retrieved 15 March 2014.
- ↑ "Romani-English Glossary".
Further reading
- Daniel Holzinger, Das Romanes. Grammatik und Diskursanalyse der Sprache der Sinte, Innsbruck 1993
- Norbert Boretzky/Birgit Igla, Kommentierter Dialektatlas des Romani, Teil 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2004
External links
- A brief overview (in German)
- A 1903 textbook in Sinti by F. N. Finck, (in German), at the (Internet Archive:
- Biblical Recording in Sinte Romani