Sir Joseph Pease, 1st Baronet

Sir Joseph Pease
MP for South Durham
In office 1865–1885
MP for Barnard Castle.
In office 1885–1903
Personal details
Born	23 June 1828
Died	23 June 1903 (aged 75) Falmouth, Cornwall
Political party	Liberal Party
Religion	Quaker

Sir Joseph Whitwell Pease, 1st Baronet (23 June 1828 – 23 June 1903) was a British Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1865 to 1903.

Biography

Pease was a member of the Darlington Pease family, being the son of Joseph Pease and his wife Emma Gurney, daughter of Joseph Gurney of Lakenham Grove, Norwich. His father was a Quaker industrialist and railway pioneer of Darlington, and M.P. for South Durham from 1832 to 1841. Pease was educated at the Quaker run Lawrence Street school in York, (which later became Bootham School).^[1]

He was a banker, an owner of coal and ironstone mines in Durham and Yorkshire, and a director of numerous companies, including the family's original woollen mill business Henry Pease & Co., the family bank J & JW Pease, The Owners of the Middlesbrough Estate, the locomotive manufacturers Robert Stephenson and Company, and the North Eastern Railway of which he became chairman.^[2] He was a J.P. for Durham and a Deputy Lieutenant, J.P. for the North Riding of Yorkshire, ^[3] President of the Peace Society, President of the Society for the Suppression of the Opium Trade, and a campaigner against capital punishment. He was President of the Bootham School Old Scholars Association (BOSA) from 1879 until his death in 1903. ^[1]

At the 1865 general election Pease was elected Member of Parliament for South Durham. He held the seat until it was reorganised under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885. He was created a baronet of Hutton Lowcross and Pinchinthorpe in 1882, the first quaker to accept an honour from the state, and in 1894 was offered a peerage by Gladstone, but expressing his indifference left the decision to his eldest son Alfred, who let the matter lapse.^[4] At the 1885 general election he was elected MP for Barnard Castle. He held the seat until his death in 1903.^[5]

"Peace"
Pease as caricatured by Spy (Leslie Ward) in Vanity Fair, October 1887

In his capacity as President of the Society for the Suppression of the Opium Trade, Pease attempted to pass a motion in the House of Commons in 1891 to declare the opium trade "morally indefensible" and remove Government support for it. The motion failed to pass (despite majority support in the House) due to an amendment calling for compensation to India, but it brought the anti-opium campaign into the public eye and increased opposition to the trade.^[6][7]

Towards the end of his life, Pease's businesses had problems and in 1902 the Pease Bank failed. He was forced to sell much of his art collection. He died the following year in Falmouth, Cornwall aged 75.

Family

Pease married Mary Fox daughter of Alfred Fox of the Fox family of Falmouth on 23 August 1854. They had six daughters and two sons; Alfred Edward Pease, 2nd Bt and Joseph Albert "Jack" Pease, 1st Baron Gainford.

See also

• List of political families in the United Kingdom

References

1. Bootham School Register. York, England: BOSA. 2011. |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
2. A Wealth of Happiness and Many Bitter Trials. Joseph Gurney Pease. (1992) ISBN 1-85072-107-6 The life and journals of Sir Alfred Edward Pease Bt.
3. Debretts House of Commons and the Judicial Bench 1886
4. Men of Business and Politics. M. W. Kirby. George Allen & Unwin. 1984. p.59. ISBN 0-04-941013-X. A study of the rise and fall of the Quaker Pease Dynasty of North East England, 1700–1943.
5. Smith 1912.
6. Kathleen L. Lodwick (1996). Crusaders Against Opium: Protestant Missionaries in China, 1874–1917. University Press of Kentucky. pp. 55–66. ISBN 978-0-8131-1924-3. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
7. Harold Traver; Mark S. Gaylord (1992). Drugs, Law, and the State. Transaction Publishers. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-56000-082-2. Retrieved 23 May 2012.

Bibliography

•  Smith, Charlotte Fell (1912). "Pease, Joseph Whitwell". In Lee, Sidney. Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement​. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
• Charlotte Fell-Smith, rev. M. W. Kirby. "Pease, Sir Joseph Whitwell, first baronet (1828–1903)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/35447. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
• James Stephen Jeans (1875). Pioneers of the Cleveland Iron Trade. H.G. Reid, Gazette Pub. Offices. pp. 128–148.

External links

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Sir Joseph Pease
• A Quaker collects: Joseph Whitwell Pease of Darlington by Margaretta S. Frederick About his art collecting.
• Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "D" (part 4)
• Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "B" (part 1)