Sisimiut

Sisimiut
Holsteinsborg
Sisimiut

Location within Greenland

Coordinates: 66°56′20″N 53°40′20″W / 66.93889°N 53.67222°W / 66.93889; -53.67222Coordinates: 66°56′20″N 53°40′20″W / 66.93889°N 53.67222°W / 66.93889; -53.67222
State  Kingdom of Denmark
Constituent country  Greenland
Municipality Qeqqata
First settled 2500 BCE
Founded 1764
Government[1][2]
 • Mayor Hermann Berthelsen (Siumut)
Population (2015)[3]
 • Total 5,572
 • Rank 2nd in Greenland
Time zone UTC-03
Postal code 3911
Website sisimiut.gl

Sisimiut, formerly Holsteinsborg, is the capital and largest city of the Qeqqata municipality, and the second-largest city in Greenland.[Note 1]

    It is located in central-western Greenland, on the coast of Davis Strait, approximately 320 km (200 mi) north of Nuuk.

    Although now a place-name, Sisimiut literally means "the people at the fox burrows".[4] The site has been inhabited for the last 4,500 years, first by the Inuit peoples of the Saqqaq culture, Dorset culture, and then the Thule people, whose descendants form the majority of the current population. Artifacts from the early settlement era can be found throughout the region, favored in the past for its plentiful fauna, particularly the marine mammals providing subsistence for the early hunting societies. The population of modern Greenlanders in Sisimiut is a mix of the Inuit and Danish peoples, who first settled in the area in the 1720s, under the leadership of the Danish missionary, Hans Egede.

    Today, Sisimiut is the largest business center north of the national capital of Nuuk and is one of the fastest growing cities in Greenland. Fishing is the principal industry in Sisimiut, although the town has a growing industrial base. KNI and its subsidiary Pilersuisoq, a state-owned chain of all-purpose general stores in Greenland, have their base in Sisimiut. Architecturally, Sisimiut is a mix of traditional, single-family houses, and communal housing, with apartment blocks raised in the 1960s during a period of town expansion in Greenland. Sisimiut is still expanding, with the area north of the port, on the shore of the small Kangerluarsunnguaq Bay reserved for a modern suburb-style housing slated for construction in the 2010s. Several professional and general schools are based in Sisimiut, providing education to the inhabitants of the city and to those from smaller settlements in the region. The new Taseralik Culture Center is the second cultural center to be established in Greenland, after Katuaq in Nuuk.

    The city has its own bus line, and is the northernmost year-round ice-free port in the country, a shipping base for western and northwestern Greenland. Supply ships head from the commercial port towards smaller settlements in more remote regions of Uummannaq Fjord, Upernavik Archipelago, and as far as Qaanaaq in northern Greenland. The town airport is served by Air Greenland, providing connections to other towns on the western coast of Greenland, and through Kangerlussuaq Airport, to Europe.

    History

    Prehistory

    Saqqaq culture

    Iliveq, a prehistoric Inuit stone grave near Sisimiut Airport. It is located on a hill above the airport built at the current sea level, near the small sand dunes of what used to have been the shoreline.[5]
    Main article: Saqqaq culture

    Sisimiut has been a settlement site for around 4,500 years, with the people of the Saqqaq culture arriving from Arctic Canada during the first wave of immigration, occupying numerous sites on the coast of western Greenland.[6] At that time, the shoreline was up to several dozen meters above the present line, gradually decreasing in time due to post-glacial rebound.[5] The Saqqaq remained in western Greenland for nearly two millennia.[7] Unlike the following waves of migrants in the millennium following their disappearance, the Saqqaq left behind a substantial number of artifacts, with plentiful archeological finds on the coast of Davis Strait, from Disko Bay (Greenlandic: Qeqertarsuup Tunua) in the north—to the coast of Labrador Sea near Nuuk in the south.<ref name="natmus"/

    Research at the Asummiut excavation site near the airport[8] has uncovered the changing settlement pattern, exhibiting transition from the single-family dwellings to tiny villages of several families. The types of dwelling varied from tent rings made of the hides of hunted mammals, to stone hearths, with no evidence of communal living in larger structures.[6] In contrast, there is evidence for reindeer hunting as a coordinated effort of either villagers or groups of more loosely related individuals, with gathering places in proximity of the hunting grounds being found.[6] Despite recent advances in DNA research based on hair samples from the ancient Saqqaq migrants (which gives insight into their origin), the reason for the decline and subsequent disappearance of the culture are not yet known.[9]

    Dorset culture

    Main article: Dorset culture

    After several hundred years of no permanent habitation, the second wave of migration arrived from Canada, bringing the Dorset people to western Greenland.[7] The first wave of immigrants, known as Dorset I, arrived around 500 BCE, inhabiting the region for the next 700 years.[7] The early Dorset people were followed later by the Dorset II people, although no artifacts have been discovered from the later era around Sisimiut,[7] and few artifacts from the era of Dorset I have been uncovered in archaeological sites, with the finds often limited to harpoon heads and numerous animal bones.[10] The largest number of Dorset culture artifacts can be found further north in the Disko Bay region, while the further to the south, the poorer the finds, disappearing completely on the coast of Labrador Sea in southwestern Greenland.[10]

    The churches in the Sisimiut center—the old and the new—are immediate neighbors, with one overlooking the other. Left: Bethel Church (1775). Right: New church (1926)

    Thule people

    Main article: Thule people

    The Inuit of the Thule culture—whose descendants form the majority of the current population—arrived nearly a thousand years ago, with the first arrivals dated to approximately 13th and 14th century. The Thule people were more technologically advanced than their Dorset predecessors, although they still relied on subsistence hunting, with walruses, reindeer, and particularly the fur seals constituting the base of the economy in the early period.[11]

    The shoreline was still at a higher altitude than today, with the Sisimiut valley east of the Kangerluarsunnguaq Bay, partially under sea. Many artifacts and graves from the several centuries of permanent settlement remain scattered in the region. Rich in fauna, the coastal region from Sisimiut to Kangaamiut was particularly attractive for migrants, and due to a large number of historical artifacts it is currently listed as a candidate for the UNESCO World Heritage Site, with the application received in 2003.[12]

    Colonial era

    There are no signs of Norse settlement in the region. At the time of Hans Egede's establishment of the first Danish colonies, Dutch whalers dominated the area and swiftly burnt down his Bergen Company whaling station on Nipisat Island, approximately 30 km (19 mi) to the north of the present-day town. It was not until Jacob Severin was granted a full monopoly on the Greenlandic trade and permitted to act as an agent of the Danish navy that the Dutch were finally removed in a series of battles in 1738 and 1739.[13]

    The present town was established in 1764 by the General Trade Company as the trading post of Holsteinsborg[14] ("Fort Holstein"), named for the first chairman of the Danish College of Missions in Copenhagen which underwrote and directed the missionary work in the colony.[15] At the time of its founding, the Kalaallisut name of the place was Amerlok, after its fjord.[15] The colonists formally established several villages in the region, of which only two remain to this day: Itilleq and Sarfannguit.[16] Under the Royal Greenland Trading Department, Holsteinsborg was a center of the trade in reindeer skins.[17]

    Left: Greenland's National Day celebrations on 21 June 2010,[18] the first anniversary of the establishment of Self Rule in 2009, after the 2008 referendum. Right: Dressed in national ceremonial costumes, the townspeople are personally welcomed to the church by Mayor Hermann Berthelsen on the same day.

    Several 18th-century buildings still stand in Sisimiut, among them the 1725 Gammelhuset ("Old House") and the 1775 Bethel-kirken ("Bethel Church") or Blå Kirke ("Blue Church"),[15] the oldest surviving church in Greenland.[14] The buildings were moved from the former site of the settlement at Ukiivik (Holsteinsborg) together with the rest of the settlement. The new church on the rocky pedestal was built in 1926, further extended in 1984.[14] The entrance to the yard with the old church and other protected historical buildings is decorated with a unique gate made of whale jawbone.[14] In 1801, a smallpox epidemic decimated the population of Sisimiut and other coastal settlements, although the population growth quickly resumed due to plentiful marine life on the coast.[16]

    20th century - present

    The twentieth century saw industrialization, through the construction of a shipping port, and a fish processing factory of Royal Greenland in 1924, the first such factory in Greenland.[19] Fishing remains the primary occupation of Sisimiut inhabitants, with the town becoming the leading center of shrimping and shrimp processing.[14] Until 2008 Sisimiut had been the administrative center of Sisimiut Municipality, which was then incorporated into the new Qeqqata Municipality on 1 January 2009, with Sisimiut retaining its status as the administrative center of the new unit, consisting also of the former Maniitsoq Municipality and the previously unincorporated area of Kangerlussuaq.[20] The municipal council, seated in the town hall and headed by Mayor Hermann Berthelsen, consists of 13 members, including the mayor and his deputies, and representatives of the four primary political parties of Greenland: Siumut, Atassut, Democrats and Inuit Ataqatigiit.[21]

    Geography

    The road to Sisimiut Airport, Sisimiut, Kangerluarsunnguaq Bay, Nasaasaaq, and Amerloq Fjord seen from Palasip Qaqqaa.

    Sisimiut is located approximately 320 km (200 mi) north of Nuuk, and 75 km (47 mi) north of the Arctic Circle,[14] on the eastern shores of Davis Strait, perched on a series of rocky outcrops at the western end of a large peninsula bounded from the north by the Kangerluarsuk Tulleq fjord and from the south by the wide Amerloq Fjord.

    Kangerluarsunnguaq Bay

    Immediately to the north of Sisimiut a small inlet of Davis Strait, the Kangerluarsunnguaq Bay (Danish: Ulkebugten), separates the town from the Palasip Qaqqaa massif in the north, at the southern foot of which the town airport is located.[22] The 544 m (1,785 ft)[22] high twin summit commands a wide view in all directions, with the majority of the coast of the Qeqqata municipality visible in good conditions.

    The bay is navigable in its entirety, protected from the open sea by a series of skerries in the west. Both the local port and the local sailing harbor are located on the southern shore of the bay. The 4.1 km (13,000 ft)[23] road to the airport passes through the bridge over the Kangerluarsunnguaq Bay. Halfway between the town and the airport there is a small beach of dark sand. The beach, as well as the skerries off the coast, are very popular in the summer.

    Alanngorsuaq

    Sisimiut valley and the lakes under Alanngorsuaq are the primary recreation areas for the people of Sisimiut.
    Main article: Alanngorsuaq

    To the east, a wide valley extends into the interior of the peninsula, bounded from the north by the conjoint massif of Palasip Qaqqaa and Majoriaq, dissected by the Qerrortusup Majoriaa valley[22] alongside which leads the Polar Route from Sisimiut to Kangerlussuaq.[24] Depending on variants, the route is between 150 km (93 mi) and 170 km (110 mi) long.

    In the middle of the valley towers a standalone Alanngorsuaq mountain (411 m (1,348 ft)), surrounded by several lakes, one of which serves Sisimiut town as a water reservoir. The entire area of the valley is another popular picnic destination, with easy access to the water reservoirs by a gravel road in the middle part of the valley. The reservoirs in the valley provide the town waterworks with 882,000 m3 (1,154,000 cu yd) of water, with the potential for 7,200,000 m3 (9,400,000 cu yd) annually.[25]

    Nasaasaaq

    Nasaasaaq (784 m (2,572 ft)) is the highest mountain in the vicinity of Sisimiut, towering over the town from the southeast.[22]
    Main article: Nasaasaaq

    To the southeast, the valley is bounded by the Nasaasaaq massif with several distinct summits, the highest of which is 784 m (2,572 ft).[22] The Nasaasaaq ridge has several summits. The main summit is the most prominent, rising over the remainder of the ridge in a tall 150 m (490 ft) cone at 784 m (2,572 ft). The ridge terminates in a 611 m (2,005 ft) trabant overlooking Sisimiut.[22] To the east the ridge gradually falls to nearly 300 m (980 ft), before turning east-north-east towards the Aappilattorsuaq massif.[22] The southern wall of Nasaasaaq falls directly to Amerloq Fjord. The northern wall is not a uniform surface, dissected by ledges, dihedrals, and ramps.

    The main access route to the summit leads through one of the ramps to the saddle between the main summit and its western trabant. The passage on the top cone is secured by ropes for unprepared tourists. One of the variants of the Polar Route follows the coast of Amerloq Fjord at the base of the southern wall of Nasaasaaq.[24] The main summit is visited for its long-range view of the coast, although more limited to the north than that of Palasip Qaqqaa to the north of the town airport.[26] An alternative route to the top of interest to mountaineers leads through the hard to find low pass to the east of the main summit, and from there directly on the summit cone ridge.[14]

    Climate

    Main article: Climate of the Arctic

    Sisimiut lies within the polar climate region, belonging to the E group of the Köppen climate classification. The average temperature is 10 °C (50 °F) or lower throughout the year.[27] The coldest months on average are February and March which have average highs of −10.2 °C (13.6 °F) and −10.1 °C (13.8 °F) respectively.[27] The warmest months are July and August which have average highs of 9.8 °C (49.6 °F) and 9.3 °C (48.7 °F) respectively and are the only months of the year in which the average lows are above 1 °C (34 °F), both at 3.3 °C (37.9 °F).[28] Precipitation is very low in Sisimiut, with the greatest amount of rainfall occurring in the second half of the year, between July and December, with August and September being the wettest months.[28] The sea winds from Davis Strait moderate the climate, with the area known for its fogs.[14]

    Climate data for Sisimiut (1961–1990)
    Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
    Record high °C (°F) 12.5
    (54.5)    		 11.3
    (52.3)    		 8.7
    (47.7)    		 11.4
    (52.5)    		 16.1
    (61)    		 21.0
    (69.8)    		 22.0
    (71.6)    		 23.8
    (74.8)    		 16.7
    (62.1)    		 12.0
    (53.6)    		 12.6
    (54.7)    		 11.5
    (52.7)    		 23.8
    (74.8)
    Average high °C (°F) −9.4
    (15.1)    		 −10.2
    (13.6)    		 −10.1
    (13.8)    		 −3.6
    (25.5)    		 2.9
    (37.2)    		 6.8
    (44.2)    		 9.8
    (49.6)    		 9.3
    (48.7)    		 5.8
    (42.4)    		 0.7
    (33.3)    		 −3.2
    (26.2)    		 −6.9
    (19.6)    		 −0.7
    (30.7)
    Daily mean °C (°F) −12.8
    (9)    		 −13.9
    (7)    		 −14.0
    (6.8)    		 −7.1
    (19.2)    		 −0.2
    (31.6)    		 3.6
    (38.5)    		 6.3
    (43.3)    		 6.1
    (43)    		 3.2
    (37.8)    		 −1.9
    (28.6)    		 −5.9
    (21.4)    		 −10.1
    (13.8)    		 −3.9
    (25)
    Average low °C (°F) −16.3
    (2.7)    		 −17.7
    (0.1)    		 −18
    (0)    		 −10.9
    (12.4)    		 −3.2
    (26.2)    		 0.8
    (33.4)    		 3.3
    (37.9)    		 3.3
    (37.9)    		 0.7
    (33.3)    		 −4.4
    (24.1)    		 −8.7
    (16.3)    		 −13.3
    (8.1)    		 −7.0
    (19.4)
    Record low °C (°F) −35.8
    (−32.4)    		 −38.8
    (−37.8)    		 −36.6
    (−33.9)    		 −25.8
    (−14.4)    		 −19.1
    (−2.4)    		 −5.6
    (21.9)    		 −3.0
    (26.6)    		 −4.5
    (23.9)    		 −7.9
    (17.8)    		 −13.0
    (8.6)    		 −21.0
    (−5.8)    		 −33.0
    (−27.4)    		 −38.8
    (−37.8)
    Average precipitation mm (inches) 19
    (0.75)    		 20
    (0.79)    		 22
    (0.87)    		 28
    (1.1)    		 18
    (0.71)    		 30
    (1.18)    		 44
    (1.73)    		 52
    (2.05)    		 51
    (2.01)    		 37
    (1.46)    		 38
    (1.5)    		 23
    (0.91)    		 383
    (15.08)
    Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 10.5 10.6 11.7 10.7 9.5 9.1 10.3 10.9 12.4 13.6 14.4 13.5 137.2
    Average snowy days 10.1 10.3 11.5 10.0 7.5 2.7 0.3 0.2 4.3 11.3 13.1 13.1 94.4
    Mean monthly sunshine hours 4 53 144 195 225 237 257 180 137 74 20 0 1,550
    Source: Danish Meteorological Institute (sun, 1980–1993)[28]

    Demographics

    With 5,598 inhabitants in 2013,[3] Sisimiut is one of the fastest-growing towns in Greenland,[29] with migrants from the smaller settlements reinforcing the trend. Apart from Kangerlussuaq, it is the only settlement in the Qeqqata municipality exhibiting stable growth patterns over the last two decades.

    The gender imbalance is evident in Sisimiut, with men consistently outnumbering women during the last two decades, running from 20% in 1991, to 13% in 2000 and 2010. Nearly 10% of the town's inhabitants in 2010 were born outside Greenland, a decline from 16.5% in 1990 and 11.8% in 2000.[30]

    Sisimiut population dynamics
    Sisimiut population growth dynamics, 1991-2010. Source: Statistics Greenland[29]

    Housing

    Contrasting types of housing in Sisimiut: a prefabricated, single-family house (left), and apartment blocks from the 1960s (right).

    Most families in Sisimiut live in single-family houses, most often the traditional colorful wooden prefabricated homes shipped from Denmark, and almost always raised or supported by a concrete foundation due to permafrost. In the 1960s, Danish authorities began construction of communal apartment blocks in most towns in Greenland, including Sisimiut.[16]

    Unlike in Nuuk, the modern environmentally friendly construction technologies have not yet arrived to Sisimiut, and in 2010 the existing communal-block district remained in a state of partial disrepair. The Qeqqata municipality however is planning the town expansion in the 2010s, with the area north of the Kangerluarsunnguaq Bay reserved for real estate.[31] The new neighborhood will bear the name Akia.[32]

    Economy and infrastructure

    Pisiffik supermarket

    Industry and services

    Fishing is the principal industry in Sisimiut, with harvested stocks of shrimps, salmon, halibut and cod.[7] The Royal Greenland fish processing plant at the port is the largest within Greenland and is amongst the most modern shrimp-shelling factories in the world.[7] In 2008, supplied by 8 boats and the factory trawlers, the plant processed an annual amount of 20,180 tons of shrimp, around 1,680 tons per month.[33] This was roughly constant throughout the year, although when fish catches were larger the fish was frozen. The plant eventually sold around 6,019 tonnes of shrimp.[33] Hunting is also important to some of the local livelihoods, mainly seals, walrus, beluga whale, narwhale, reindeer and muskoxen.[7]

    A street name sign in Greenlandic near the port.[note 1]

    KNI and its subsidiary Pilersuisoq, a state-owned chain of all-purpose general stores in Greenland, are based in Sisimiut.[34] The Pilersuisoq chain operates in all small settlements in the country, as well as smaller towns which are not covered by supermarket chains. A range of shops operate in Sisimiut, from chain supermarkets of Pisiffik and Brugsen to independent outlets, also serving supplies to the smaller settlements in the region.[35] Polaroil, a liquid fuel distribution company,[36] is headquartered in Sisimiut.[37] It employs 70 staff and operates 70 stations in Greenland.[36] The headquarters were moved from Maniitsoq to Sisimiut in the late 2000s.[37] In 2010 KNI announced plans to also move the operational base of Polaroil from Maniitsoq to Sisimiut, causing protests in the former community[37] already experiencing depopulation.[38] Other facilities include two banks,[39] a library, a Post Greenland office[40] and a small hospital/health center with 19 beds.[41]

    There are advanced plans for the Alcoa aluminium smelting plant. Maniitsoq, the second-largest town in the municipality, is another proposed location alongside Sisimiut. The plant would provide employment for 600–700 people,[42] or more than 10% of the population. As it is a vital decision for the town, wide public consultations were carried out in 2008–2010[43][44][45] by both the town authorities and the Government of Greenland in order to address potential environmental and social concerns.[46][47] The Sisimiut Hydro Power Plant is located north of the town.[48] The plant has two turbines providing 15 megawatts of power and the electricity from the plant is transferred to Sisimiut by a 27.4 km (17.0 mi) long high voltage line.

    The former Colonial Manager's Home, now part of the Sisimiut Museum

    Although rainfall is low, Sismiut has abundant natural supplies of fresh, drinkable surface water, collected from a reservoir under Alanngorsuaq.[25] Water is also pumped to the waterworks from another lake around 2.5 kilometers away in the mountains. The water mains are preinsulated and electrically anti-freezed so supply the residents during the winter months.[25] The water supply network is capable of producing some 882,000 cubic meters of water per year; two water-supplying lakes by the town have a combined annual minimum capacity of more than 7.2 million cubic meters.[25]

    Tourism

    Tourist facilities in Sisimiut include several youth hostels and hotels, such as Hotel Sisimiut with Restaurant Nasaasaaq,[49][50] and Seaman's Home, and a conference center.[51][52] The other restaurant of note is the Misigisaq Restaurant, located at the harbor. It is the only Chinese restaurant in the country and it uses Greenlandic ingredients cooked in the Chinese style.[53] The town has a heated open-air swimming pool, which is supported on stilts so that the heat does not melt the permafrost. Several camping sites are located in Sisimiut valley and near the Kangerluarsunnguaq bay. During winter, a ski lift operates at the foot of the Alanngorsuaq mountain, at the base of the northern slopes of Nasaasaaq.[14]

    Tourism is becoming increasingly important, with several outfitter companies based in town. Year-round operations offered include dogsledding, heliskiing, guided hiking, mountaineering, kayaking, and boating.[54] The tough, 160 km (99 mi) long Arctic Circle Race takes place each winter, with the trail partially overlapping with the Polar Route from Sisimiut to Kangerlussuaq.[55] The race was inaugurated in 1998, since then becoming an international competition.[56]

    Education and culture

    Knud Rasmussen High School

    The Knud Rasmussen High School (Knud Rasmussenip Højskolia), founded in 1962,[19] is located on the eastern outskirts of the town, west of the old heliport site. Apart from the traditional curriculum, it provides specialized courses in Greenland history and culture including skin preparation and ski instruction. The school is also notable for its special unit, the Women's High School (Greenlandic: Arnat ilinniarfiat) added in 1977, and focusing on traditional arts.[57] During summer, the school building is used as a hostel. In autumn 2002, the school was responsible for erecting a series of stone sculptures around Sisimiut: near the airport, in the municipal building, at the Gertrud Rask Minde children's home, at Arnat Ilinniarfiat and around the school itself.[58]

    The other educational centers in Sisimiut are: Sanaartornermik Ilinniarfik, the construction engineering school with capacity for 200 students,[59] the Arctic Technology Center; Piareersarfik, the vocational institution for the service industry professionals, and Oqaatsinik Pikkorissarfik, a foreign language school.[60][61]

    Sisimiut Museum

    A traditional Greenlandic peat house, reconstructed at the Sisimiut Museum.[62]

    Located in a historical building near the harbor, the Sisimiut Museum specializes in Greenlandic trade, industry and shipping, with artifacts based on ten years of archaeological research and excavations of the ancient Saqqaq culture settlements near the town, offering an insight into the culture of the region of 4,000 years ago.[58][63][64][65]

    The museum also hosts a collection of tools and domestic items collected during 1902-22, an inventory from the Old Church with the original altarpiece dated to approximately 1650, and paintings from the 1790s. The peat house reconstruction of an early 20th-century Greenlandic residence with domestic furniture is part of an outdoor exhibition.[63] The exhibition includes the remains of a kayak from the 18th century and the Poul Madsen collection, a collection of handcraft, art, house items and ethnographic objects compiled over fifty years.[63] The Greenlandic stone exhibition is housed in the Bygge og Anlægsskolen building.[58]

    Arts and crafts

    The modern Taseralik Culture Center (Greenlandic: Taseralik Kulturikkut) is located in the eastern part of Sisimiut, on the shore of the Nalunnguarfik lake. The center often hosts traveling theatre troupes,[66][67] as well as concerts, from classical[68] to folk music.[69] The Sisimiut Culture Day on 21 November is also celebrated at Taseralik.[70] Greenlandic handicrafts, created in a workshop located in an old warehouse on the old harbor, are sold in the Greenland Travel Incoming's Arts n' Craft, and in several small shops along the main street. Greenland stones and sealskin products are created in the Natseq and Panigiit workshops.[58]

    Transport

    Air

    Sisimiut Airport runway

    Sisimiut Airport is located 4.1 km (2.5 mi) to the northwest of the town, at the mouth of the Kangerluarsunnguaq Bay. Before the airport was opened in the 1990s,[71] Sisimiut had been served by the now-closed heliport, located on the eastern outskirts of the town, in the Sisimiut valley. The airport has a short, 799 m (2,621 ft) runway[23] suitable only for STOL airplanes. Travel outside of Greenland is routed with a change of planes at Kangerlussuaq Airport. Air Greenland operates scheduled services to Nuuk, Maniitsoq, and Ilulissat.[72] Taxis as well as an infrequent town bus service connect the airport with the center of Sisimiut.

    Sea

    Port of Sisimiut.
    Akamalik, a Royal Greenland vessel based in Sisimiut, anchored in the port

    For most of the year, Sisimiut is served twice-weekly by coastal ferries of Arctic Umiaq Line which link the communities of the western coast.[73] There is also a weekly Royal Arctic Line ferry to Itilleq and Sarfannguit.[74] The port in Sisimiut is the northernmost year-round ice-free port in Greenland,[14] serving as the country's primary maritime base north of Nuuk. Supply ships from the port head north, serving the entire coast, from the Uummannaq Fjord region, through Upernavik Archipelago, to Qaanaaq in the far north.[75] M/S Akamalik, one of the largest ships in the fleet of Royal Greenland, is based in Sisimiut. Home to the first shipyard of Greenland dating from 1931,[19] the port also handles more than 50 cruise liners per year.[75] The local kayak club operates at the bay harbor east of the port.[58]

    Ground

    Roads in Sisimiut, including the road to the airport, are surfaced, but there is no road linking Sisimiut to any other settlement. In the 2000s construction of the 170 km (110 mi) road to Kangerlussuaq was discussed for several years without resolution.[76][77] The road would have been the first of its kind in Greenland, connecting two far-away settlements, and reducing the need for passenger and freight exchange at Kangerlussuaq Airport, the Air Greenland hub. The cost of around €40M (€700 per inhabitant of Greenland) and €1M in annual maintenance cost has prevented construction. The town has its own bus network.[78] In winter dog sled routes are used to link to settlements further north. Snowmobiles are, as a more modern approach, also used. Transport within a town is usually done by foot, although both private cars and the city bus - which drives loops through town - are popular.

    Twin towns

    Sisimiut is twinned with:

    Sisimiut has friendship links with:

    Notes

    Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sisimiut.
    Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Sisimiut.
    1. ↑ The name derives from the word umiaq (women's boat) with the -suaq suffix (the big boat). These in turn form the word umiarsualivik (the place of big boats, or port), which leads to the final word, umiarsualivimmut (to the port, or simply the port road).

    References

    1. ↑ "Nye direktører i Qeqqata Kommunea". Sermitsiaq (in Danish). 3 January 2009. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
    2. ↑ "Sisimiut" (in Danish). KANUKOKA. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
    3. 1 2 Greenland in Figures 2013 (PDF). Statistics Greenland. ISBN 978-87-986787-7-9. ISSN 1602-5709. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
    4. ↑ Nuttall, Mark (2012). Encyclopedia of the Arctic. Routledge. p. 1916. ISBN 978-1-136-78680-8.
    5. 1 2 Fog Jensen, Jens (2009). The Stone Age of Qeqertarsuup Tunua (Disko Bugt): A regional analysis of the Saqqaq and Dorset Cultures of Central West Greenland. Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 26–31. ISBN 978-87-635-1272-5.
    6. 1 2 3 "Saqqaq culture chronology". Greenland Research Centre at the National Museum of Denmark. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
    7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "About Sisimiut". Arctic Circle Race. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
    8. ↑ "Cultural-historical hikes". Sisimiut Town, Official Website. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
    9. ↑ "Analysis of hair DNA reveals ancient human's face". BBC. 10 February 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
    10. 1 2 "Early Dorset/Greenlandic Dorset". Greenland Research Centre at the National Museum of Denmark. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
    11. ↑ "History". Sisimiut Town, Official Website. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
    12. ↑ "Aasivissuit, Arnangarnup Qoorua (Greenlandic inland and coastal hunting area)". UNESCO. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
    13. ↑ Marquardt, Ole. "Change and Continuity in Denmark's Greenland Policy" in The Oldenburg Monarchy: An Underestimated Empire?. Verlag Ludwig (Kiel), 2006.
    14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 O'Carroll, Etain (2005). Greenland and the Arctic. Lonely Planet. pp. 158–160. ISBN 1-74059-095-3.
    15. 1 2 3 Del, Anden. "Grønland som del af den bibelske fortælling – en 1700-tals studie" ["Greenland as Part of the Biblical Narrative: a Study of the 18th Century"]. (Danish)
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    17. ↑ Kane, Elisha Kent. Arctic Explorations: The Second Grinnell Expedition. 1856.
    18. ↑ "Celebrating the Self-Government Day". Government of Greenland. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
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    20. ↑ "Administrationen". Qeqqata Municipality. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
    21. ↑ "Politics". Sisimiut Town, Official Website. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
    22. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Vandrekort Vestgrønland: Sisimiut (Map) (1996 ed.). Cartography by Compukort, Denmark. Greenland Tourism a/s.
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    24. 1 2 O'Carroll, Etain (2005). Greenland and the Arctic. Lonely Planet. p. 163. ISBN 1-74059-095-3.
    25. 1 2 3 4 "Water supply". Sisimiut Town, Official Website. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
    26. ↑ "Sisimiut Tourist Information". Greenland Guide. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
    27. 1 2 "Klimanormaler for Grønland" (in Danish). Danish Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
    28. 1 2 3 "The Observed Climate of Greenland, 1958–99 with Climatological Standard Normals, 1961–90" (PDF). Danish Meteorological Institute. Retrieved 17 November 2015.
    29. 1 2 Statistics Greenland, Population in localities
    30. ↑ "Population in localities January 1.st by locality, age, gender and place of birth 1977-2010". Statistics Greenland. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
    31. ↑ "Commercial and Industrial Development". Sisimiut Town, Official Website. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
    32. ↑ "Akia - Pilersaarusiaq Lokalplan" (PDF) (in Danish). Sisimiut Town, Official Website. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
    33. 1 2 "Biogas Production" (PDF). clim-atic.org. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
    34. ↑ "KNI a/s". Pilersuisoq. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
    35. ↑ "Retailers". Sisimiut Town, Official Website. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
    36. 1 2 "Polaroil". KNI. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
    37. 1 2 3 "Ruth H. i oprør". Sermitsiaq. 12 January 2010. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
    38. ↑ "Population in localities January 1.st by locality, age, gender and place of birth 1977-2010". Statistics Greenland. Retrieved 27 August 2010.
    39. ↑ "Banks". Sisimiut Town, Official Website. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
    40. ↑ "Post offices". Sisimiut Town, Official Website. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
    41. ↑ "Sisimiut Sundhedscenter" (in Danish). Qeqqata Municipality. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
    42. ↑ "Aluminium smelting plant". Sisimiut Town, Official Website. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
    43. ↑ "Alcoa holds town hall meeting in Sisimiut". Sermitsiaq. 15 January 2008. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
    44. ↑ "Where should Alcoa plant be located?". Sermitsiaq. 21 February 2008. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
    45. ↑ "Alcoa in Greenland". Alcoa. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
    46. ↑ "Alcoa project can paralyse building sector". Sermitsiaq. 13 April 2008. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
    47. ↑ "Alcoa eller ej". Sermitsiaq (in Danish). 25 March 2010. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
    48. ↑ "Power supply in Sisimiut Municipality". Sisimiut Town, Official Website. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
    49. ↑ "Velkommen til Hotel Sisimiut" (in Danish). Hotel Sisimiut. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
    50. ↑ "Restaurant". Hotel Sisimiut. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
    51. ↑ "Accommodation". Greenland Guide. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
    52. ↑ "Accommodation". Sisimiut Town, Official Website. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
    53. ↑ Newman, Jacqueline M. "Misigisaq Restaurant (Sisimiut Havn, Greenland)". Flavor and Fortune, Institute for the Advancement of Science and Art of Chinese Cuisine. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
    54. ↑ "Activities in Sisimiut". The Official Tourism and Business Site of Greenland. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
    55. ↑ "Race setup". Arctic Circle Race. Retrieved 4 October 2010.
    56. ↑ "Arctic Circle Race". The Official Tourism and Business Site of Greenland. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
    57. ↑ "Arnat Ilinniarfiat" (in Kalaallisut). Knud Rasmussenip Højskolia. Archived from the original on 19 May 2009. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
    58. 1 2 3 4 5 "Cultural tips". Greenland Guide. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
    59. ↑ "Sanaartornermik Ilinniarfik". Sanaartornermik Ilinniarfik. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
    60. ↑ "Training and education". Sisimiut Town, Official Website. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
    61. ↑ "The aim of Oqaatsinik Pikkorissarfik". Oqaatsinik Pikkorissarfik. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
    62. ↑ "Udstillinger på Sisimiut Museum" (in Danish). Kalaallit Nunaanni Katersugasiviit. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
    63. 1 2 3 "Exhibitions". Sisimiut Museum. Retrieved 7 September 2010.
    64. ↑ Rowley-Conwy, Peter (1999). Arctic Archaeology, Volume 30, Issue 3. Routledge. p. 463. ISBN 0-415-19810-0.
    65. ↑ Nipisat - a Saqqaq Culture Site in Sisimiut, Central West Greenland. Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 2. ISBN 87-635-1264-5.
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    67. ↑ "Slædespor i Sisimiut". Sermitsiaq (in Danish). 17 November 2009. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
    68. ↑ "Operasucces i Sisimiut". Sermitsiaq (in Danish). 22 May 2009. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
    69. ↑ "Rasmus i Taseralik". Sermitsiaq (in Danish). 6 May 2008. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
    70. ↑ "Kulturdag i Sisimiut" (in Danish). Taseralik Kulturikkut. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
    71. ↑ "Grønlandsfly 1990-99" (in Danish). Air Greenland. Retrieved 1 July 2010.
    72. ↑ "Booking system". Air Greenland. Retrieved 2 July 2010.
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    74. ↑ "Ankomster / Afgange, Angaju Ittuk" (in Danish). Royal Arctic Line. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
    75. 1 2 "Sisimiut Harbour". Sisimiut Town, Official Website. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
    76. ↑ "Arctic Roads". Sisimiut Town, Official Website. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
    77. ↑ Vej mellem Sisimiut og Kangerlussuaq (in Danish)
    78. ↑ "Busser" (in Danish). Sisimiut Town, Official Website. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
    79. ↑ "AVF - Albertslund Venskabsby Forening" (in Danish). Albertslund Kommune. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
    80. ↑ "Twinning contacts". Canterbury City Council. Retrieved 4 July 2010.
    1. ↑ The term 'city' is loosely used to describe any populated area in Greenland, given that the most populated place is Nuuk, the capital, with 16,454 inhabitants.

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