Skvyra
| Skvyra Сквира | ||
|---|---|---|
| ||
  Skvyra Location of Skvyra | ||
 Skvyra Skvyra is in the Kiev Oblast of Ukraine | ||
| Coordinates: 49°43′0″N 29°40′0″E / 49.71667°N 29.66667°ECoordinates: 49°43′0″N 29°40′0″E / 49.71667°N 29.66667°E | ||
| Country Oblast Raion |
Ukraine Kiev Oblast Skvyra Raion | |
| Founded | 1390 | |
| Magdeburg Rights | 1791 | |
| Government | ||
| • Mayor | Skochko Valeriy Anatoliyovich | |
| Area | ||
| • Total | 63.28 km2 (24.43 sq mi) | |
| Population (2013) | ||
| • Total | 16,715 | |
| Postal code | 09000 | |
| Area code(s) | +380 4568 | |
Skvyra (Ukrainian: Скви́ра; Yiddish: Skvere, סקווירא) is a town in Kiev Oblast (region) of central Ukraine. It is the administrative centre of Skvyra Raion (district), and is currently a municipality of raion subordinance. Skvyra has an area of 6,328 km2 (2,443 sq mi). Population: 16,715 (2013 est.)[1].
History
The ancient town of Skvyra was completely destroyed at the end of the 16th century. In 1736, Skvyra was mentioned as a village (selo) leased by a Jewish lessee. According to the census of 1765, there were 124 houses in Skvyra, 51 of which belonged to Jews. In 1775, 116 Jews lived in Skvyra, in 1784 there were 204, and in 1787, 144.
After Skvyra was included in the Pale of Settlement the town’s Jewish community increased. Its Jewish population was 2,184 in 1847 and grew to 8,910 in 1897 — 49.5% of the general population. At the end of the 19th century Skvyra had seven synagogues, a parochial school, a hospital, a pharmacist and a district doctor. Many Jews were engaged in grain and timber export. By 1910 the town had a Talmud Torah, a Jewish private boys’ school and two private girls’ schools.
There were two pogroms in the town in 1917 and a wave of six pogroms in 1919, some of which lasted for several weeks. There were rapes, houses were burnt down, and Jewish property was seized and destroyed or sold to local peasants. 191 people were killed and hundreds injured. After the pogroms an epidemic in the town killed up to 30 people a day. The Jewish population fled to Kiev, Odessa and Belaya Tserkov.
Under the Soviet Union the religious and communal life of the Jews of Skvyra was dissolved. The town's Jewish population fell to 4,681 by 1926 (about 33.6% of the population) and 2,243 by 1939, but even so it remained among the biggest Jewish communities of Ukraine at that time.
In World War II German forces occupied the town in September 1941. For a time the Sonderkommando headquarters was in Skvyra. On 20 September 1941, 850 Jews were shot in Skvyra. A few days later, over 140 more were executed. According to the head of Skvyra’s Jewish community, there were mass shootings of Jews in the area of the market, the secondary school and in Bannaya Street. Skyvra's remaining Jewish population was about 1,000 after the War and fell to about 500 by 1960. It has continued to decline, and in 2009 numbered about 120.
Skver Hasidim and New Square
The Twersky Skver Hasidic dynasty line emanating from Skvyra eventually settled in the United States where part of the community founded their own township called New Square (Skvyra being pronounced as "Skver" in Yiddish) in Rockland County, New York. In 2004 the Skvyra synagogue and the tzaddik’s court, now a hotel for Hasidic visitors, were restored.
Notable people
Asher Ginzberg (Ahad Ha'am), writer and publicist, founder of Cultural Zionism, was born in the city.
See also
- History of the Jews in Ukraine
- Skver (Hasidic dynasty)
- New Square, New York, from the anglicized form of Skvyra.
References
- ↑ "Чисельність наявного населення України (Actual population of Ukraine)" (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
Sources
- Slutsky, Yehuda (2007). "Skivra". In Berenbaum, Michael; Skolnik, Fred. Encyclopaedia Judaica 18 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. pp. 662–663.
- "Skvyra Jewish Cemetery". Lo-tishkach.
External links
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