Sodium picosulfate

Sodium picosulfate
Ball-and-stick model of the component ions of sodium picosulfate
Systematic (IUPAC) name
disodium (pyridin-2-ylmethylene)di-4,1-phenylene disulfate
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com International Drug Names
Routes of
administration
Oral
Identifiers
CAS Number 10040-45-6 N
ATC code A06AB08 (WHO)
A06AB58 (WHO) (combinations)
PubChem CID 68654
ChemSpider 61910 YesY
UNII LR57574HN8 N
Chemical data
Formula C18H13NNa2O8S2
Molar mass 481.409 g/mol
 NYesY (what is this?)  (verify)

Sodium picosulfate (INN, also known as sodium picosulphate) is a contact stimulant laxative used as a treatment for constipation or to prepare the large bowel before colonoscopy or surgery. It is sold under the trade names Sodipic Picofast, Laxoberal, Laxoberon,[1] Purg-Odan, Picolax, Guttalax, Namilax, Pico-Salax[2] and Prepopik [3] among others. PicoPrep[4] is based on Sodium picosulphate.

Effects

Orally administered sodium picosulfate is generally used for thorough evacuation of the bowel, usually for patients who are preparing to undergo a colonoscopy. It takes 12–24 hours to work, since it works in the colon.[5]

The most common side effects of picosulfate are abdominal cramps and diarrhea.

The use of sodium picosulfate has also been associated with certain electrolyte disturbances, such as hyponatremia and hypokalemia.[6] Patients are often required to drink large amounts of clear fluids as well as rehydrate to reestablish the electrolyte balance.

Mechanism of action

Sodium picosulfate is a prodrug.[7] It has no significant direct physiological effect on the intestine, however it is metabolised by gut bacteria into the active compound 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl-(2-pyridiyl)-methane (DPM, BPHM).[7][8] This compound is a stimulant laxative and increases peristalsis in the gut.[7][9]

Sodium picosulfate is typically prescribed in a combined formulation with magnesium citrate, an osmotic laxative. This combination is a highly effective laxative, often prescribed to patients for bowel cleansing prior to colonoscopies.[7][10]

References

  1. Website of Merck Pakistan
  2. PICO SALAX Product Information
  3. FDA approves new colon-cleansing drug for colonoscopy prep
  4. Picoprep study at ingentaconnect 'Picoprep-3 Is a Superior Colonoscopy Preparation to Fleet: A Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing the Two Bowel Preparations' study at St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  5. FDA approves new colon-cleansing drug for colonoscopy prep
  6. ADRAC (February 2002). "Electrolyte disturbances with sodium picosulfate bowel cleansing products". Aust Adv Drug React Bull 21 (1). Free full text from the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration
  7. 1 2 3 4 Adamcewicz, Margaret; Bearelly, Dilip; Porat, Gail; Friedenberg, Frank K. (2011-01-01). "Mechanism of action and toxicities of purgatives used for colonoscopy preparation". Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology 7 (1): 89–101. doi:10.1517/17425255.2011.542411. ISSN 1742-5255. PMC 3030244. PMID 21162694.
  8. Forth, W.; Nell, G.; Rummel, W.; Andres, H. (1972-03-01). "The hydragogue and laxative effect of the sulfuric acid ester and the free diphenol of 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl-(pyridyl-2)-methane". Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 274 (1): 46–53. doi:10.1007/BF00501005. ISSN 0028-1298.
  9. Jauch, R; Hankwitz, R; Beschke, K; Pelzer, H (November 1975). "Bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-pyridyl-2-methane: The common laxative principle of Bisacodyl and sodium picosulfate.". Arzneimittel-Forschung 25 (11): 1796–1800. PMID 1243088.
  10. Regev, Arie; Fraser, Gerald; Delpre, George; Leiser, Alfredo; Neeman, Ami; Maoz, Eran; Anikin, Victor; Niv, Yaron. "Comparison of two bowel preparations for colonoscopy: sodium picosulphate with magnesium citrate versus sulphate-free polyethylene glycol lavage solution". The American Journal of Gastroenterology 93 (9): 1478–1482. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00467.x.
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