Soft Machine

This article is about the rock band. For the band's debut album, see The Soft Machine (Soft Machine album). For the William Burroughs novel, see The Soft Machine. For other uses, see The Soft Machine (disambiguation).
Soft Machine

Group photo circa 1970:
l-r: Elton Dean, Mike Ratledge, Robert Wyatt, Hugh Hopper
Background information
Origin Canterbury, England
Genres Progressive rock, Canterbury scene, jazz fusion, jazz rock, free jazz
Years active

1966–1968, 1969–1984, 2015–present
1999-2002 (as Soft Ware)
2002–2004 (as Soft Works)
2004–2015 (as Soft Machine Legacy)

Labels ABC Probe, Columbia, Harvest, EMI, Major League Productions (MLP)
Associated acts Caravan, Pink Floyd, Matching Mole, Nucleus, Gong, Isotope, Adiemus, Soft Heap, Soft Head, Soft Bounds, The Police
Members John Marshall
Roy Babbington
John Etheridge
Theo Travis
Past members See: Members

Soft Machine are an English experimental, psychedelic, progressive rock band from Canterbury, named after the book The Soft Machine by William S. Burroughs. They were one of the central bands in the Canterbury scene. Though they achieved little commercial success, they are widely considered by critics to have been very influential in rock music,[1][2][3] with AllMusic describing them as "one of the more influential bands of their era, and certainly one of the most influential underground ones."[4]

History

Beginnings, psychedelic, jazz fusion (1966-68, 1969-71)

Soft Machine (billed as The Soft Machine up to 1969 or 1970[5]) were formed in mid-1966 by Robert Wyatt (drums, vocals), Kevin Ayers (bass, guitar, vocals), Daevid Allen (guitar) and Mike Ratledge (organ) plus, for the first few gigs only, American guitarist Larry Nowlin.[6] Allen, Wyatt and future bassist Hugh Hopper had first played together in the Daevid Allen Trio in 1963, occasionally accompanied by Ratledge. Wyatt, Ayers and Hopper had been founding members of The Wilde Flowers, later incarnations of which would include future members of another Canterbury band, Caravan.

This first Soft Machine line-up became involved in the early UK underground, featuring prominently at the UFO Club, and subsequently other London clubs like the Speakeasy Club and Middle Earth. Their first single 'Love Makes Sweet Music' (recorded 5 February 1967, produced by Chas Chandler), backed with 'Feelin' Reelin' Squeelin' (January 1967, produced by Kim Fowley—rumored to have Jimi Hendrix, who was recording "Hey Joe" in the same studio, playing rhythm guitar).[7] In April 1967 they recorded seven demo songs with producer Giorgio Gomelsky in De Lane Lea Studios that remained unreleased until 1971 in a dispute over studio costs.[8] They also played in the Netherlands, Germany and on the French Riviera. During July and August 1967, Gomelsky booked shows all along the Côte d'Azur with the band's most famous early gig taking place in the village square of Saint-Tropez. This led to an invitation to perform at producer Eddie Barclay's trendy "Nuit Psychédélique", performing a forty-minute rendering of "We Did It Again", singing the refrain over and over, achieving a trance-like quality. This made them instant darlings of the Parisian "in" crowd, resulting in invitations to appear on leading television shows and at the Paris Biennale in October 1967. Upon their return from their sojourn in France, Allen (an Australian) was denied re-entry to the United Kingdom, so the group continued as a trio, while he returned to Paris to form Gong.

Sharing the same management team as Jimi Hendrix, the band were rewarded with a support slot on the Jimi Hendrix Experience's North America tour throughout 1968.[6] Soft Machine's first album – a psychedelic rock/proto-prog classic – was recorded in New York in April at the end of the first leg. Back in London, eventually guitarist Andy Summers, later of The Police, joined the group, fresh from his stint with Dantalian's Chariot (previously Zoot Money's Big Roll Band). After a few weeks of rehearsals, the new quartet began a tour of the USA with some solo shows before reuniting with Hendrix for a final string of dates in August–September 1968. Summers, however, had in the meantime been fired at the insistence of Ayers,[9] who himself also departed amicably after the final tour date at the Hollywood Bowl, and for the remainder of 1968, Soft Machine were no more. Thus, the band had split up in December 1968. Wyatt stayed in the US to record solo demos, while Ratledge returned to London and began composing in earnest. One of Wyatt's demos, Slow Walkin' Talk, allowed Wyatt to make use of his multi-instrumentalist skills (Hammond organ, piano, drums and vocals) and featured Hendrix on bass guitar.[10]

In February 1969, in order to fulfil contractual obligations, Soft Machine re-formed[11] with former road manager and composer Hugh Hopper on bass added to Wyatt and Ratledge, and set about recording their second album, Volume Two, which launched a transition towards a purely instrumental sound resembling what would be later called jazz fusion. In May 1969 this line-up acted as the uncredited backing band on two tracks of Syd Barrett's solo debut album, The Madcap Laughs. The base trio was, later in 1969, expanded to a septet with the addition of four horn players, though only saxophonist Elton Dean remained beyond a few months, the resulting Soft Machine quartet (Wyatt, Hopper, Ratledge and Dean) running through Third (1970) and Fourth (1971), with various guests, mostly jazz players (Lyn Dobson, Nick Evans, Mark Charig, Jimmy Hastings, Roy Babbington, Rab Spall). Fourth was the first of their fully instrumental albums, and the last one featuring Wyatt.

Their propensity for building extended suites from regular sized compositions, both live and in the studio (already in the Ayers suite in their first album), reached its apogee in the 1970 album Third, unusual for its time with each of the four sides featuring one suite. Third was also unusual for remaining in print for more than ten years in the US, and is the best-selling Soft Machine recording.[12]

This period saw them gaining unprecedented acclaim across Europe, and they made history by becoming the first 'rock band' invited to play at London's Proms in August 1970, a show which was broadcast live and later appeared as a live album.

Post-Wyatt era (1971-72)

After differences over the group's musical direction, Wyatt left (or was fired from[13]) the band in August 1971 and formed Matching Mole (a pun on machine molle, French for soft machine; also said at the time to have been taken from some stage lighting equipment "Matching Mole"). He was briefly replaced by Australian drummer Phil Howard. This line-up toured extensively in Europe during the end of 1971 (attested by the "Drop" 2008 release) and attended the recording of their next album, but further musical disagreements led to Howard's dismissal after the recording of the first LP side of Fifth before the end of 1971 and, some months later, in 1972, to Dean's departure. They were replaced respectively in 1971 by John Marshall (drums) and in 1972 by Karl Jenkins (reeds, keyboards), both former members of Ian Carr's Nucleus, for the recording of Six (1973), and the band's sound developed even more towards jazz fusion.

Jenkins era part #1 (1972-78)

In 1973, after the release of Six, Hopper left and was replaced by Roy Babbington, another former Nucleus member, who had already contributed with double bass on Fourth and Fifth and took up (6-string) electric bass successfully, while Karl Jenkins progressively took over the role of band-leader and main composer. After they released Seven (1973) without additional musicians, the band switched record labels from Columbia to Harvest. On their 1975 album, Bundles, a significant musical change occurred with fusion guitarist Allan Holdsworth adding guitar as a very prominent melody instrument to the band's sound, sometimes reminiscent of John McLaughlin's Mahavishnu Orchestra, setting the album apart from previous Soft Machine releases, which had rarely featured guitars. On the last official studio album Softs (1976), Holdsworth was replaced by John Etheridge. Ratledge, the last remaining original member of the band, had left during the early stages of recording. Other musicians in the band during the later period were bassists Percy Jones (of Brand X) and Steve Cook,[14] saxophonists Alan Wakeman and Ray Warleigh, and violinist Ric Sanders. Their 1977 performances and record (titled Alive and Well, ironically) were among the last for Soft Machine as a working band, their very last performance (until the 1984 reformation) being the only Soft Machine concert of 1978.[15][nb 1]

Jenkins era part #2 (1980-81; 1984)

The Soft Machine name was used for the 1981 record Land of Cockayne (with Jack Bruce and, again, Allan Holdsworth, plus Ray Warleigh and Dick Morrissey on saxes and John Taylor on electric piano), and for a final series of dates at London's Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club in the summer of 1984[nb 2], featuring Jenkins and Marshall leading an ad hoc lineup of Etheridge, Warleigh, pianist Dave MacRae and bassist Paul Carmichael.

Alternative bands: Soft Ware, Soft Works and Soft Machine Legacy (1999-2015)

Soft Machine having been a much loved band since their inception in the late 1960s and having always been at the cutting edge of many music genres (including the early progressive and psychedelic rock scene and then the burgeoning jazz rock and fusion scene), it was inevitable that former Soft Machine members would reconvene over the years, to continue on their legacy.[16]

Soft Ware (1999-2002) and Soft Works (2002-04)

The first such conception in September 1999 was Soft Ware which featured Elton Dean, Hugh Hopper, John Marshall and long-time friend Keith Tippett. This line-up would only remain together briefly. Then in 2002, another former Soft Machine member, Allan Holdsworth, joins the remaining three members of Soft Ware who would rename themselves Soft Works[16] in June 2002.[15] They had changed their name to avoid confusion with Peter Mergener's band Software. As Soft Works, they made their world live debut on 17 August 2002 at the Progman Cometh Festival (at the Moore Theater in Seattle, Washington), released (on 29 July 2003[17]) their only (studio) album, Abracadabra, consisting of all new material recorded at the Eastcote Studios in London on 5–7 June 2002, and toured Japan in August 2003, Italy in January–February 2004 and Mexico in March 2004.[15]

Soft Machine Legacy (2004-15)

In October 2004, a new variant of Soft Works, with John Etheridge permanently replacing Holdsworth, took the name of Soft Machine Legacy and performed their first two gigs (two Festival shows on 9 October in Turkey & 15 October in Czech Republic), Liam Genockey temporarily replacing John Marshall who had ligament problems (the first Soft Machine Legacy line-up being consequently: Elton Dean, John Etheridge, Hugh Hopper and Liam Genockey).[15] Later on, Soft Machine Legacy released three albums: Live in Zaandam[18] (2005), the studio album Soft Machine Legacy[18] (2006) recorded in September 2005 and featuring fresh material[16] and the double CD Live at the New Morning[19] (2006). After Elton Dean died in February 2006, the band continued with British saxophonist and flautist Theo Travis, formerly of Gong and The Tangent.

In December 2006, the new Legacy line-up recorded the album Steam[20][21][22] in Jon Hiseman's studio. Steam was eventually released by Moonjune Records in August 2007, before a European tour in autumn. In 2008, Hopper was sidelined by leukemia and the band continued live performances with Fred Baker.

Following Hopper's death in 2009, the band announced that they would continue with Babbington once again stepping into the role formerly held by Hopper.[23]

On 4 October 2010, Soft Machine Legacy released their fifth album, a 58-minute new live album entitled Live Adventures recorded live on 22 October 2009 in Austria and Germany during a European tour.[24]

In February 2013, founding Soft Machine bassist Kevin Ayers died, aged 68.[25][26] On 13 March 2015, following a short battle with cancer, Ayers' fellow Soft Machine co-founder Daevid Allen died, aged 77.[27][28]

On 18 March 2013, the Legacy band released a new studio album, titled Burden of Proof.[29] In an early 2013 interview, Travis stated that, "legally we could actually be called Soft Machine but for various reasons it was decided to be one step removed."[30]

On 11 February 2015, Soft Machine Legacy gave one show at The Y Theatre, Leicester, UK.[31]

In March 2015, Gary Husband stepped in for drummer John Stanley Marshall performing with the Legacy for a short tour of Japan,[nb 3] along with guest artist and long-time friend Keith Tippett.

Later on, Soft Machine Legacy performed a few shows in Spring and Summer 2015.[nb 4]

A return to the name "Soft Machine" (2015-present)

In September and October 2015, it was announced that the band Soft Machine Legacy (made of guitarist John Etheridge, drummer John Marshall, bass player Roy Babbington and sax, flute and keyboard player Theo Travis) would be performing under the name "Soft Machine" in late 2015 and early 2016: two shows in the Netherlands and Belgium in early December 2015[35][nb 5] and a series of 8 UK shows in March–April 2016[35][37][nb 6] and November 2016.[nb 7]

In December 2015, it was confirmed that the band had dropped the "Legacy" tag from their name, Soft Machine featuring three of the group's 1970s era members – John Etheridge, John Marshall and Roy Babbington – joined by Theo Travis on sax, flute and keyboard.[37]

At least at one 2016 show (on 26 March in Sheffield Green, East Sussex, UK), Nic France (from Theo Travis's band Double Talk[42]) deputised for John Marshall on drums and percussion.

Style

Soft Machine's music has been described by critics and journalists as progressive rock,[4][26][43][44][45]experimental rock,[46][47]jazz rock,[48][49] jazz[4][50] and psychedelic rock,[26] as well as being a part of the Canterbury scene of progressive rock.[4][45] According to Hugh Hopper, "We weren't consciously playing jazz rock, it was more a case of not wanting to sound like other bands; we certainly didn't want a guitarist."[51]

Personnel

Soft Machine

Current members
Guest/Substitute musicians
  • Nic France – drums, percussion (at least for one show: on 26 March 2016 in Sheffield Green, East Sussex, UK; substitute for John Marshall)

Former members

  • Mike Ratledge – keyboards, flute (1966–1968, 1969–1976)
  • Robert Wyatt – drums, vocals, keyboards, bass (1966–1968, 1969–1971)
  • Kevin Ayers – bass, vocals, guitar, keyboards (1966–1968; died 2013)
  • Daevid Allen – guitar, vocals, bass (1966–1967; died 2015)
  • Larry Nowlin – guitar (1966)
  • Andy Summers – guitar (1968)
  • Hugh Hopper – bass, saxophone, guitar (1968–1973; died 2009)
  • Elton Dean – saxophone, keyboards (1969–1972; died 2006)
  • Lyn Dobson – flute, saxophone (1969–1970)
  • Mark Charig – cornet (1969)

Soft Ware

Members[15]

Soft Works

Members[15]

Soft Machine Legacy

Members[15]
  • Hugh Hopper – bass, saxophone, guitar (2004–2009; died 2009)
  • Elton Dean – saxophone, keyboards (2004–2006; died 2006)
  • John Marshall – drums, percussion (2004–2015; with the exception of 15 shows: in October 2004, in July 2005 and (in Japan) in late March 2015)
  • John Etheridge – guitar (2004–2015)
  • Theo Travis – saxophone, flute, piano (2006–2015)
  • Roy Babbington – bass (2009–2015)
Guest/Substitute musicians
  • Liam Genockey – drums, percussion (for 8 shows: 2 shows in October 2004 and 6 shows in July 2005; substitute for John Marshall)[15]
  • Mark Fletcher – drums, percussion (only for 4 shows: 2 shows in late June 2005 and 2 shows in early July 2005; substitute for John Marshall)[15]
  • Fred Baker – bass, guitar (2008–2009; substitute for Hugh Hopper)[15]
  • Gary Husband – drums, percussion (only for 3 shows in Japan in late March 2015; substitute for John Marshall)
  • Keith Tippett – piano (only for 5 shows: 3 shows in Japan in late March 2015 and 2 shows on May and August 2015; guest musician)

Timeline

Soft Machine Line-ups

1966 1966–1967 1967–1968 1968
  • Daevid Allen – guitar, vocals
  • Kevin Ayers – bass, vocals
  • Mike Ratledge – keyboards
  • Robert Wyatt – drums, vocals
  • Kevin Ayers – bass, vocals
  • Mike Ratledge – keyboards
  • Robert Wyatt – drums, vocals
  • Kevin Ayers – bass, vocals
  • Mike Ratledge – keyboards
  • Robert Wyatt – drums, vocals
  • Andy Summers – guitar
1968 1968–1969 1969 1969
  • Kevin Ayers – bass, vocals
  • Mike Ratledge – keyboards
  • Robert Wyatt – drums, vocals

Disbanded
  • Mike Ratledge – keyboards
  • Robert Wyatt – drums, vocals
  • Hugh Hopper – bass
1969–1970 1970–1971 1971 1971–1972
  • Mike Ratledge – keyboards
  • Robert Wyatt – drums, vocals
  • Hugh Hopper – bass
  • Elton Dean – saxophone
  • Lyn Dobson – flute, saxophone
  • Mike Ratledge – keyboards
  • Robert Wyatt – drums, vocals
  • Hugh Hopper – bass
  • Elton Dean – saxophone
  • Mike Ratledge – keyboards
  • Hugh Hopper – bass
  • Elton Dean – saxophone
  • Phil Howard – drums
  • Mike Ratledge – keyboards
  • Hugh Hopper – bass
  • Elton Dean – saxophone
  • John Marshall – drums, percussion
1972–1973 1973 1973–1975 1975–1976
  • Mike Ratledge – keyboards
  • Hugh Hopper – bass
  • John Marshall – drums, percussion
  • Karl Jenkins – oboe, saxophone, keyboards, synthesisers
  • Mike Ratledge – keyboards
  • John Marshall – drums, percussion
  • Karl Jenkins – oboe, saxophone, keyboards, synthesisers
  • Roy Babbington – bass
  • Mike Ratledge – keyboards
  • John Marshall – drums, percussion
  • Karl Jenkins – oboe, saxophone, keyboards, synthesisers
  • Roy Babbington – bass
  • Allan Holdsworth – guitar
  • Mike Ratledge – keyboards
  • John Marshall – drums, percussion
  • Karl Jenkins – oboe, saxophone, keyboards, synthesisers
  • Roy Babbington – bass
  • John Etheridge – guitar
1976 1976 1976–1977 1977–1978
  • John Marshall – drums, percussion
  • Karl Jenkins – keyboards, synthesisers
  • Roy Babbington – bass
  • John Etheridge – guitar
  • Alan Wakeman – saxophone
  • John Marshall – drums, percussion
  • Karl Jenkins – keyboards, synthesisers
  • Roy Babbington – bass
  • John Etheridge – guitar
  • Ray Warleigh – saxophone
  • John Marshall – drums, percussion
  • Karl Jenkins – keyboards, synthesisers
  • John Etheridge – guitar
  • Percy Jones – bass
  • Ric Sanders – violin
  • John Marshall – drums, percussion
  • Karl Jenkins – keyboards, synthesisers
  • John Etheridge – guitar
  • Ric Sanders – violin
  • Steve Cook – bass
1980–1981 1984 1984-2015 2015–present
  • John Marshall – drums, percussion
  • Karl Jenkins – keyboards, synthesisers

As additional personnel:
  • John Marshall – drums, percussion
  • Karl Jenkins – keyboards, synthesisers
  • John Etheridge – guitar
  • Ray Warleigh – alto saxophone, bass flute
  • Dave MacRae – piano
  • Paul Carmichael – bass

Disbanded
  • John Marshall – drums, percussion
  • Roy Babbington – bass
  • John Etheridge – guitar
  • Theo Travis – saxophone, flute, piano

Discography

Studio albums

Soft Machine
Soft Works
  • 2003: Abracadabra
Soft Machine Legacy
  • 2005: Live in Zaandam (live album)
  • 2006: Soft Machine Legacy
  • 2006: Live at the New Morning (double live CD album)
  • 2007: Steam
  • 2010: Live Adventures (live album)
  • 2013: Burden of Proof

Live albums and compilations

Since 1988, many new live recordings of Soft Machine have been issued on CD and LP.

The 1970s

1972
1977
1978

The 1980s

1988

The 1990s

1990
1991
1993
1994
1995
1996
1998

The 2000s

2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2008

The 2010s

2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015

Singles

Live concerts not yet published

The following is an incomplete list of Soft Machine concerts appeared only unofficially in bootlegs, rarely with good quality sound, to serve as a guide for those wanting to officially expand the Soft Machine discography with restored live gigs that made history.

The 1960s

1968
1969

The 1970s

1970
1971
1972
1974
1975
1976

Filmography

Notes

  1. ↑ On 8 December 1978 at the Sound & Musik Festival in Dortmund, Germany; the then probable line-up being: Karl Jenkins, John Marshall, Ric Sanders, Steve Cook and Allan Holdsworth.[15]
  2. ↑ A week of gigs from 30 July to 4 August 1984.[15]
  3. ↑ The Soft Machine Legacy March 2015 Japan tour included three shows: on 24 and 26 March 2015 in Osaka and on 27 March 2015 in Tokyo.[32]
  4. ↑ On 10 May 2015 (with Keith Tippett) in Vicenza Italy, on 9 June at The Stables, Wavendon, Milton Keynes, on 16 June at the Robin2, Bilston, Wolverhampton, UK, on 9 August 2015 (with Keith Tippett) at Ronnie Scott's Club, London[33][34] and on 12, 13 & 14 August 2015 as part of Jazz na Fábrica 2015 at SESC Pompéia in São Paulo, Brazil.[31]
  5. ↑ On 2 December 2015 at Cultuurpodium Boerderij in Zoetermeer, Netherlands [36] and on 4 December 2015 at N9 Villa in Eeklo, Belgium.[35]
  6. ↑ On 18 March 2016[38] as part of the HRH Prog 4 Festival (scheduled from 17 to 20 March) at Camp HRH (Hafan y Môr Holiday Park), Pwllheli, North Wales, UK,[39] on 19 March at the Brewery Arts Centre, Kendal, UK, on 20 March at the Bristol Jazz Festival, Bristol, UK (once scheduled then cancelled and rescheduled for 11 November 2016 at The Robin 2, Wolverhampton, UK), on 24 March 2016 at the Talking Heads in Southampton, UK, on 26 March 2016 at Trading Boundaries, Sheffield Green, East Sussex, UK,[40] on 30 March at the Assembly Rooms, Leamington Spa, UK, on 31 March 2016 at the Band on the Wall in Manchester, UK, on 1 April 2016 at Nell's Jazz & Blues Club in London, UK.[35]
  7. ↑ On 16 November 2016 at The Robin 2, Wolverhampton, UK as a rescheduling of the cancelled show on 20 March 2016 at The Robin in Bilston, UK.[41]

References

  1. ↑ "A Beginner’s Guide to Gong and Soft Machine’s Daevid Allen" by Mikey IQ Jones, Fact magazine, 24 March 2015
  2. ↑ "Daevid Allen, Guitarist and Singer in Progressive Rock, Dies at 77" by Peter Keepnews, The New York Times, 16 March 2015
  3. ↑ "Soft Machine & Gong Co-Founder Daevid Allen Dead at 77" by Joe Lynch, Billboard, 13 March 2015
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Soft Machine : artist biography" by Richie Unterberger, AllMusic
  5. ↑ "Prom 26, Thursday 13 August at 10". BBC Proms Prospectus. 1970.
  6. 1 2 "Soft Machine-Chronology". Canterbury Music website. Retrieved 2013-08-12.
  7. ↑ "The Canterbury Scene" by Raymond Benson, Rock Legacy website, 29 April 2011
  8. ↑ "Jet Propelled Photographs" liner notes
  9. ↑ Summers, Andy. One Train Later; Thomas Dunne Books; 2006; ISBN 0-312-35914-4
  10. ↑ "The Soft Machine years with Robert Wyatt singing & drumming (1967-1969)". Hulloder website, The Netherlands. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
  11. ↑ "Soft Machine". discogs.com. 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  12. ↑ "Cosmik Debris Magazine Presents: The 21st Century Be-Bop Of Soft Works; an interview of Hugh Hopper – May 2003". Cosmik.com. Retrieved 2013-08-12.
  13. ↑ Unterberger, Richie: 1996 Robert Wyatt interview at Perfect Sound Forever (online music magazine)
  14. ↑ "Steve Cook". The Canterbury Music website. 1948-08-04. Retrieved 2013-08-12.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Chronology 1973-". Canterbury Music website. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
  16. 1 2 3 "Soft Machine Legacy biography". progarchives.com. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  17. ↑ "Soft Works – Abracadabra (review by Glenn Astarita)". AllMusic. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  18. 1 2 "Live in Zaandam – Soft Machine Legacy | Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". AllMusic. 2005-05-10. Retrieved 2013-08-12.
  19. ↑ "Live at the New Morning – Soft Machine Legacy | Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". AllMusic. 2006-07-01. Retrieved 2013-08-12.
  20. ↑ Lynch, Dave. "Steam – Soft Machine Legacy | Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved 2013-08-12.
  21. ↑ "Soft Machine Legacy: Steam". Allaboutjazz.com. Retrieved 2013-08-12.
  22. ↑ "Soft Machine Legacy: Steam". Allaboutjazz.com. Retrieved 2013-08-12.
  23. ↑ "Soft Machine Legacy". John Etheridge. Retrieved 2013-08-12.
  24. ↑ "Soft Machine Legacy – Live Adventures (AllMusic Review by Alex Henderson)". All Music. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
  25. ↑ "Kevin Ayers Has Died | News | Clash Magazine". Clashmusic.com. Retrieved 2013-08-12.
  26. 1 2 3 "R.I.P. Daevid Allen, founder of Gong and Soft Machine, has died" by Ben Kaye, Consequence of Sound, 13 March 2015
  27. ↑ "Gong founder Daevid Allen has died, aged 77", The Guardian, 13 March 2015
  28. ↑ "R.I.P. Daevid Allen Of Soft Machine and Gong 1938-2015" by Paul Cashmere, Noise 11, 13 March 2015
  29. ↑ "New Soft Machine Legacy album out now". Weirdo Music website. 27 February 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
  30. ↑ "Soft Machine Legacy" in Cherry Red Records' My Favourite Flavour magazine; issue #28; June 2013; p. 11
  31. 1 2 "Live dates 2015: Soft Machine Legacy". JohnEtheridge.com. 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
  32. ↑ "Gary Husband: Soft Machine Legacy - Japan Tour dates". thunderdrummer.com. 16 March 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
  33. ↑ "John Etheridge, Roy Babbington and John Marshall will play Ronnie Scott's in August". teamrock.com. 30 June 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  34. ↑ "SOLD OUT - John Etheridge, John Marshall, Roy Babbington, Theo Travis - The Soft Machine Legacy + Keith Tippett". ronniescotts.co.uk. 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  35. 1 2 3 4 "Soft Machine - 2015-2016 tour dates: 4 concerts". songkick. 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  36. ↑ "Soft Machine – Tour Dates 2015-2016". bandsintown.com. 2015. Retrieved 6 October 2015.
  37. 1 2 "Soft Machine line up 8 UK dates for 2016 – Tour takes in HRH Prog 4 plus 7 shows in England (by Stef Lach)". teamrock.com. 1 December 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  38. ↑ "HRH Prog 4 Festival 2016 2016 (Line-up: Friday Line-Up". hrhprog.com. 2015. Retrieved 7 September 2015.
  39. ↑ "HRH Prog 4 Festival 2016 2016 (Line-up: Soft Machine, Caravan, The Crazy World of Arthur Brown, Curved Air...)". songkick.com. 2015. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
  40. ↑ "Soft Machine Legacy – Saturday 26th March 2016 (Standing Ticket: £18.00)". tradingboundaries.com. March 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  41. ↑ "Soft Machine on Wed 16th Nov 2016 at 8:30pm @ The Robin 2, Wolverhampton". ents24.com. October 2015. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
  42. ↑ "Theo Travis' Double Talk: Transgression (by Roger Farbey)". allaboutjazz.com. 1 August 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  43. ↑ Macan, Edward. Rocking the Classics: English Progressive Rock and the Counterculture; Oxford University Press; 1 edition 9 January 1997; ISBN 978-0195098884
  44. ↑ Holm-Hudson, Kevin (editor).Progressive Rock Reconsidered ; Routledge; 21 October 2001; ISBN 978-0815337157
  45. 1 2 "A guide to the best (and a bit of the worst) of prog rock" by Jason Heller, The A.V. Club, 7 June 2012
  46. ↑ Hegarty, Paul. Beyond and Before: Progressive Rock since the 1960s; Bloomsbury Academic; 23 June 2011; ISBN 978-0826423320; p.105
  47. ↑ Blake, Andrew. The Land Without Music: Music, culture and society in twentieth-century Britain; Manchester University Press, 15 February 1998; ISBN 978-0719042997; p.151
  48. ↑ "Jazz » Fusion » Jazz-Rock", AllMusic
  49. ↑ Rupprecht, Philip. British Musical Modernism: The Manchester Group and their Contemporaries; Cambridge University Press; 18 August 2015; ISBN 978-0521844482; p.425
  50. ↑ "Gong, Soft Machine Founder Daevid Allen Dead at 77" byDaniel Kreps, Rolling Stone, 13 March 2015
  51. ↑ Irvin, Jim. The MOJO Collection: The Ultimate Music Companion; Canongate Books Ltd; 4th edition: 1 November 2007; ISBN 978-1841959733; p.208
  52. ↑ Lynch, Dave. "Rubber Riff – Soft Machine | Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved 2013-08-12.
  53. ↑ Richie Unterberger. "Virtually – Soft Machine | Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved 2013-08-12.
  54. ↑ Lynch, Dave (2009-01-20). "Drop – Soft Machine | Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved 2013-08-12.
  55. ↑ Kelman, John. "Kelman, John: Live at Henie Onstad Arts Centre 1971". All About Jazz. Retrieved 21 September 2014.

Further reading

External links

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