South Bank

South Bank
South Bank South Bank shown within Greater London
London borough
Ceremonial county	Greater London
Region	London
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	LONDON
Postcode district	SE1
Dialling code	020
Police	Metropolitan
Fire	London
Ambulance	London
EU Parliament	London
London Assembly
List of places UK England London

Coordinates: 51°30′29″N 0°06′36″W / 51.508°N 0.110°W / 51.508; -0.110

For other uses, see South Bank (disambiguation).

The London Eye on the South Bank at County Hall.

The South Bank is an entertainment and commercial district of Central London, England, next to the River Thames opposite the City of Westminster. It forms a narrow, unequal strip of riverside land within the London Borough of Lambeth and the London Borough of Southwark where it joins Bankside. As with most central London districts its edges evolve and are informally defined however its central area is bounded by Westminster Bridge and Blackfriars Bridge. Its name was adopted during the Festival of Britain over the local less attractive name of 'Lambeth Marsh'; it includes the County Hall, complex with the Sea Life London Aquarium, the London Dungeon, Jubilee Gardens and the London Eye, the Southbank Centre, Royal Festival Hall and National Theatre, among its long list of attractions. Both the County Hall and the Shell Centre contain major residential parts.

South Bank developed later than the north bank of the river due to its formerly often waterlogged condition in winter, and throughout its history has twice functioned as an entertainment district, interspersed by around a hundred years of wharfs, domestic industry and manufacturing being its main use.^[1] Restoration began in 1917 with the construction of County Hall at Lambeth replacing the Lion Brewery, its Coade stone symbol was retained and placed on a pedestal at Westminster Bridge and is known as the South Bank Lion.^[1] The pedestrianised embankment is The Queen's Walk which is part of the Albert Embankment built not only for public drainage but to raise the whole tract of land and prevent flooding.^[1]

In 1951 the Festival of Britain redefined the area as a place for arts and entertainment. It now forms a significant tourist district in central London, stretching from the Blackfriars Bridge in the east to Westminster Bridge in the west. A series of central London bridges connect the area to the northern bank of the Thames Golden Jubilee and Waterloo Bridge.^[1]

History

Royal Festival Hall c1959 and the now-demolished Shot Tower.

During the Middle Ages this area developed as a place of entertainment outside the formal regulation of the City of London on the north bank; this included theatres, prostitution and bear-baiting.^[1]

By the 18th century the more genteel entertainment of the pleasure gardens had developed. The shallow bank and mud flats were ideal locations for industry and docks and went on to develop as an industrial location in a patchwork of private ownership.^[1]

There was a shift in use when the London County Council required a new County Hall, which was built between 1917 and 1922 on the south bank near North Lambeth's Lower Marsh.^[1] The construction of County Hall returned the first section of river frontage to public use. This was extended eastwards in 1951 when the Festival of Britain caused a considerable area to be redeveloped.^[1]

It was renamed 'South Bank' as part of promoting the Festival. The legacy of the festival was mixed, with buildings and exhibits demolished to make way for Jubilee Gardens, whilst the Royal Festival Hall and The Queen's Walk were retained as part of the Southbank Centre.^[1] During the years following the festival the arts and entertainment complex grew with additional facilities, including the Queen Elizabeth Hall, and other arts venues opened along the river such as the Royal National Theatre.

Geography

The National Theatre is one of the collection of arts buildings on the South Bank.

The South Bank stretches two square miles (5 square kilometres) along the southern bank of the River Thames. The western section is in the London Borough of Lambeth and the eastern section is in the London Borough of Southwark where it joins Bankside.^[2]

There are significant amounts of public open space along the riverside. Between the London Studios and the Oxo Tower lies Bernie Spain Gardens, named after Bernadette Spain,^[3] a local community activist who was part of the Coin Street Action Group.^[4]^[5]

Cultural aspects

The South Bank is a significant arts and entertainment district. The Southbank Centre comprises the Royal Festival Hall, the Queen Elizabeth Hall and The Hayward Gallery. The Royal National Theatre, the London IMAX super cinema and BFI Southbank adjoin to the east, but are not strictly part of the centre.

County Hall is non-administrative and has been converted into The London Marriott Hotel County Hall, Sea Life London Aquarium and the London Dungeon. It contains the Jubilee Gardens, home to the Udderbelly Festival for 15 weeks in the summer, as well as the London Eye.

The OXO Tower Wharf is towards the eastern end of South Bank, and houses Gallery@Oxo, shops and boutiques, and the OXO Tower Restaurant run by Harvey Nichols.

The London Studios, the main home of ITV faces the Thames and Rambert Dance Company have their new studios on Upper Ground. The Old Vic and Young Vic theatres are also nearby.

The Florence Nightingale Museum to nursing, medicine and the Crimean War adjoins the 'district'.

Part of the Southbank Centre under the Queen Elizabeth Hall is known as the undercroft, and has been used by the skateboarding community since the early 1970s. Originally an architectural dead-spot, it has become a landmark of British skateboarding culture. The size of the under-croft has been reduced in recent years and was supposed to be returned to original size. This now seems unlikely and the future of the whole space is completely unsure at present with campaigns for its future survival being fought by the Long Live Southbank campaign. Part of the Southbank Centre has been turned into shops looking out over the river.

The South Bank was the main scene of the 1952 comedy film The Happy Family, which is set around the Festival of Britain.

Graffiti and skaters in the undercroft at South Bank

Transport

Part of the success of the area as a visitor attraction is attributed to the high levels of public transport access. Several major railway terminals are within walking distance of the South Bank, on both sides of the river, including Waterloo, Charing Cross and Blackfriars. The London Underground has stations on or near the South Bank, from west to east, at Westminster, Waterloo Station, Embankment, Blackfriars Station and Southwark.

The development of the new Thameslink Blackfriars station, which has access from both the southern and northern side of the river, prompted the additional named signage "for Bankside and South Bank". Accessibility to the north bank is high with connections made, from west to east, over the Westminster, Golden Jubilee, Waterloo and Blackfriars bridges. The river is utilised as a means of transport with piers along the South Bank at the London Eye, Royal Festival Hall and Bankside.

South Bank by night. Showing the illuminated National Theatre (right side of image), facing east; towards the City of London

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Farrell, Terry (2010). Shaping London. John Wiley & Sons.
↑ London Gazetteer of Street Names
↑ "Bernie Spain Gardens". coinstreet.org. Coin Street Community Builders. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
↑ "Gabriel’s Wharf". thamespathway.com. 2008. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
↑ "Bernie Spain Gardens". www.london-se1.co.uk. Bankside Press. Retrieved 18 March 2015.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to South Bank.

London/South Bank travel guide from Wikivoyage
South Bank London
Southbank Centre

London Borough of Lambeth

Districts	Brixton Clapham Clapham Park Crystal Palace Gipsy Hill Grange Mills Herne Hill Kennington Knight's Hill Lambeth Loughborough Junction Norbury Oval South Bank South Lambeth Stockwell Streatham Streatham Vale Tulse Hill Upper Norwood Vauxhall Waterloo West Dulwich West Norwood

Attractions	Ashby's Mill BFI Southbank Chocolate Museum Garden Museum Florence Nightingale Museum Imperial War Museum Lambeth Archives Lambeth Palace London County Hall London Eye Lower Marsh Market The Old Vic Oval Cricket Ground Ovalhouse Sea Life London Aquarium South Bank Southbank Centre Royal National Theatre BFI Southbank Royal Festival Hall Queen Elizabeth Hall Purcell Room Hayward South London Theatre White Bear Theatre Young Vic

Bridges	Hungerford Lambeth Westminster Vauxhall Waterloo

Parks and open spaces	Archbishop's Park Brockwell Park Clapham Common Jubilee Gardens Kennington Park Larkhall Park Loughborough Junction Mostyn Gardens Myatt's Fields Park Norbury Park Norwood Park Pedlar's Park Ruskin Park Streatham Common Streatham Vale Park Vauxhall Park Vauxhall Spring Gardens

Constituencies	Streatham Vauxhall Dulwich and West Norwood

Tube, rail and riverboat stations	Brixton rail tube Clapham Common Clapham North Clapham High Street Gipsy Hill Herne Hill Lambeth North Loughborough Junction Norbury railway station Oval Stockwell Streatham Streatham Common Streatham Hill Tulse Hill Vauxhall Wandsworth Road Waterloo Waterloo East West Norwood

Other topics	Council Grade I and II* listed buildings People Public art Schools The Lambeth Walk

London Borough of Southwark

Districts	Bankside Bermondsey Borough/Southwark Camberwell Crystal Palace Denmark Hill Dulwich Dulwich Village East Dulwich Elephant and Castle Herne Hill Honor Oak Newington Nunhead Peckham Peckham Rye Rotherhithe South Bank South Bermondsey Surrey Quays Sydenham Hill Upper Norwood Walworth West Dulwich

Attractions	Bankside Gallery Bramah Tea and Coffee Museum Brunel Museum City Hall The Clink Cuming Museum Design Museum Dulwich Picture Gallery Fire Brigade Museum Globe Theatre Greenwood Theatre Hay's Galleria Herne Hill Stadium HMS Belfast Imperial War Museum Livesey Museum for Children London Dungeon Mandela Way T-34 Tank Old Operating Theatre Museum and Herb Garret The Old Vic OXO Tower Pumphouse Educational Museum Purdy Hicks Gallery Rose Theatre The Sam Wanamaker Theatre The Shard South Bank South London Gallery Southwark Cathedral Tate Modern Unicorn Theatre Winchester Palace

Markets	Borough East Street

Bridges and tunnels	Blackfriars Bridge Blackfriars Railway Bridge Cannon Street Railway Bridge London Bridge Millennium Bridge Rotherhithe Tunnel Southwark Bridge Tower Bridge Waterloo Bridge

Parks and open spaces	Belair Park Bermondsey Spa Gardens Brimmington Park Burgess Park Dickens Square Park Dulwich Park Faraday Gardens Geraldine Mary Harmsworth Park Little Dorrit Park Newington Gardens Southwark Park Tabard Park

Constituencies	Camberwell and Peckham North Southwark and Bermondsey Dulwich and West Norwood

Tube and rail stations	Bermondsey Borough Canada Water Denmark Hill Elephant and Castle Kennington London Bridge Nunhead Queens Road Peckham Peckham Rye Rotherhithe South Bermondsey Southwark Surrey Quays Sydenham Hill West Dulwich

Other topics	Council Grade I and II* listed buildings People Public art Schools

Sub-regions of London

NUTS 2	Inner London Outer London

Boundary Commission	North London South London

London Plan	Sub regions used in the London Plan

Other	Central London Docklands East End South Bank Thames Gateway (London Riverside Lower Lea Valley) West End

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