Soy allergy

Soy allergy is a type of food allergy. It is a hypersensitivity to dietary substances from soy causing an overreaction of the immune system which may lead to severe physical symptoms for millions of people.^[1] The Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America estimates soy is among the nine most common food allergens for pediatric and adult food allergy patients.^[2] It is usually treated with an exclusion diet and vigilant avoidance of foods that may be contaminated with soy ingredients. The most severe food allergy reaction is called anaphylaxis^[3] and is a medical emergency requiring immediate attention and treatment with Epinephrine.

Reactions and treatment

Some people who are allergic to soy protein may have an extreme allergic reaction and go into anaphylactic shock (anaphylaxis). In cases of anaphylaxis, emergency medical personnel typically administer epinephrine (available as an autoinjector, such as EpiPen) and an antihistamine such as Benadryl (diphenhydramine). In event of an allergic reaction, the victim should see a physician or immediately go to the emergency room, as anaphylaxis can be fatal if not treated immediately.

Diagnosis

Soy allergy can be diagnosed by a prick test or a blood test for immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies.^[4]

Food sources of soy protein

Many fast-food restaurants commonly use soy protein in hamburger buns (soy flour), hamburger meat (soy protein) and hydrolyzed vegetable protein (HVP) in sauces. On their respective websites, McDonald's and Burger King list soy flour as an ingredient in their hamburger buns.^[5]^[6] U.S. Nutrition Information Multi-grain breads, doughnuts, doughnut mix and pancake mix commonly contain soy flour. Nearly all bread products available in the US now contain soy. Soy can now be found in nearly all types of foods, from meat to ice cream, to cheese, to french fries. Many foods are contaminated with soy due to being cooked in soy oil. At the Jack in the Box fast food chain for example, everything fried is cooked in a soy oil. At Baskin Robbins, over half of all ice creams offered contain soy. Canned tuna may contain vegetable broth which contains soy protein.

Some products [for reasons having to do with national regulation of soy products] don't list soy protein or soy flour on their ingredients labels, yet they still contain soy. There are still many latent issues resolving how soy should be regulated, as well as its long-term effects on human health. Unilever Holland use soy bean oil in their peanut butter among other foods, which they state on their website concerning allergies contains no soy bean. People will have allergy reactions but the reaction may be put on peanuts rather than soy oil.

Products containing soy protein include:

edamame
miso
natto
shoyu sauce
soy (soy albumin, soy fiber, soy flour, soy grits, soy milk, soy nuts, soy sprouts)
soybean (curd, granules)
soybean butter
soy protein (concentrate, isolate)
soy milk
soy sauce, tamari
tempeh
textured vegetable protein (TVP)
hydrolyzed vegetable protein (HVP)
tofu

The following food additives may contain soy protein:

flavoring (including natural and artificial)^[7]
prepared broths, including chicken broth, vegetable broth, and bouillon cubes^[8]

Dosage tolerance

Many people with soy allergy can tolerate small or moderate amounts of soy protein: the typical dose needed to induce an allergic response is about 100 times higher than for many other food allergens.^[9]

References

↑ National Institutes of Health, NIAID Allergy Statistics 2005 http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/allergystat.htm
↑ “Allergy Facts and Figures,” Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America http://www.aafa.org/display.cfm?id=9&sub=20&cont=518
↑ National Report of the Expert Panel on Food Allergy Research, NIH-NIAID 2003 http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/about/organization/dait/PDF/june30_2003.pdf
↑ "Mayo Clinic: Soy Allergy - Tests and diagnosis", May 20, 2011, retrieved February 26th, 2013
↑ "McDonald's Nutrition Information and Ingredients", August 26, 2006, retrieved September 7, 2006
↑ Burger King USA (11 page PDF file) "Burger King Nutrition and Ingredients" Burger King Brands Inc. USA, August, 2006, retrieved September 7, 2006
↑ Hidden Allergens in Foods, Allergy Advisor, retrieved 2011-12-27
↑ Staff, Cleveland Clinic. Soy Allergy
↑ Christopher T. Cordle (1 May 2004). "Soy Protein Allergy: Incidence and Relative Severity". Journal of Nutrition 134 (5): 1213S–1219S. PMID 15113974.

External links

Soy Allergy information page. Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America
Soy Allergy at Food Allergy Initiative
Soy - One of the nine most common food allergens Health Canada

Allergic conditions

Respiratory system	Allergic rhinitis Asthma Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Eosinophilic pneumonia Churg–Strauss syndrome Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Farmer's lung Laboratory animal allergy

Skin	Angioedema Urticaria Atopic dermatitis Allergic contact dermatitis Hypersensitivity vasculitis

Blood and immune system	Serum sickness

Circulatory system	Anaphylaxis

Digestive system	Coeliac disease Eosinophilic gastroenteritis Eosinophilic esophagitis Food allergy Milk intolerance

Nervous system	Eosinophilic meningitis

Genitourinary system	Acute interstitial nephritis

Other conditions	Drug allergy Allergic conjunctivitis Latex allergy

Hypersensitivity and autoimmune diseases (279.5–6)

Type I/allergy/atopy
(IgE)

Foreign	Atopic eczema Allergic urticaria Allergic rhinitis (Hay fever) Allergic asthma Anaphylaxis Food allergy common allergies include: Milk Egg Peanut Tree nut Seafood Soy Wheat Penicillin allergy

Autoimmune	Eosinophilic esophagitis

Type II/ADCC

- IgM
- IgG

Foreign

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Autoimmune

Cytotoxic	Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Immune thrombocytopenic purpura Bullous pemphigoid Pemphigus vulgaris Rheumatic fever Goodpasture's syndrome Guillain–Barré syndrome

"Type V"/receptor	Graves' disease Myasthenia gravis Pernicious anemia

Type III
(Immune complex)

Foreign	Henoch–Schönlein purpura Hypersensitivity vasculitis Reactive arthritis Farmer's lung Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis Serum sickness Arthus reaction

Autoimmune	Systemic lupus erythematosus Subacute bacterial endocarditis Rheumatoid arthritis

Type IV/cell-mediated
(T cells)

Foreign	Allergic contact dermatitis Mantoux test

Autoimmune	Diabetes mellitus type 1 Hashimoto's thyroiditis Multiple sclerosis Coeliac disease Giant-cell arteritis Postorgasmic illness syndrome Reactive arthritis

GVHD	Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease

Unknown/
multiple

Foreign	Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis Transplant rejection Latex allergy (I+IV)

Autoimmune	Sjögren's syndrome Autoimmune hepatitis Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome APS1 APS2 Autoimmune adrenalitis Systemic autoimmune disease

Soy

General	Soy allergy Soy candle Soy ink Soy molasses Soy paint Soy protein Soybean Soybean diseases Soybean meal Soybean oil

Soy-based dishes	List of soy-based foods Aburaage Agedashi tofu Bai ye Douhua Dubu kimchi Edamame Hiyayakko Kongguksu Kongnamul Mapo doufu Miso soup Sundubu jjigae Tahu goreng Tofu skin roll Yong Tau Foo

Plant milk	Soy milk Soy yogurt Vegan cheese

Meat analogues	Beanfeast Tempeh Textured vegetable protein Tofu Tofurkey Vegetarian hot dog Veggie burger

Sauces and condiments	Doenjang Doubanjiang Douchi Fermented bean curd Kinema Miso Nattō Soy sauce Sweet bean sauce Sweet soy sauce Teriyaki Tauco Tương Yellow soybean paste

Various other foods	Mamenori Okara Oncom Soy flour Soy milk based infant formula Soy nut Stinky tofu Tofu skin List of fermented soy products

Companies	8th Continent Alpro Boca Burger Gardenburger Morningstar Farms Plamil Foods Silk So Good Tofutti Turtle Mountain Vitasoy Yeo Hiap Seng

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