Staunton, Illinois

Staunton
City
Country	United States
State	Illinois
County	Macoupin
Congressional District	Illinois 13th
Elevation	620 ft (189 m)
Coordinates	39°0′39″N 89°47′16″W / 39.01083°N 89.78778°W
Area	3.09 sq mi (8 km^2)
- land	3.06 sq mi (8 km^2)
- water	0.03 sq mi (0 km^2)
Population	5,139 (2010)
Density	1,678.3 / sq mi (648 / km^2)
Mayor	Craig Neuhaus
Timezone	CST (UTC−6)
- summer (DST)	CDT (UTC−5)
Postal code	62088
Area code	618
Location of Staunton within Illinois
Wikimedia Commons: Staunton, Illinois

Staunton is the second largest city in Macoupin County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2010 Census, the population was 5,139.

Geography

Staunton is located at 39°0′39″N 89°47′16″W / 39.01083°N 89.78778°W (39.010777, -89.787711).^[1]

According to the 2010 census, Staunton has a total area of 3.088 square miles (8.00 km²), of which 3.06 square miles (7.93 km²) (or 99.09%) is land and 0.028 square miles (0.07 km²) (or 0.91%) is water.^[2]

Governance

The City of Staunton is split into four wards in order to maximize efficiency in civic maintenance and representation. The city is divided into its east and west by Union Street and into its north and south by Main Street. The first, second, third, and fourth wards are in the northeast, southeast, southwest, and northwest corners respectively. Each ward is represented on the city council by two alderman, one serving a four-year term, and one serving a two-year term.

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1880	1,358		—
1890	2,209		62.7%
1900	2,786		26.1%
1910	5,048		81.2%
1920	6,027		19.4%
1930	4,618		−23.4%
1940	4,212		−8.8%
1950	4,047		−3.9%
1960	4,228		4.5%
1970	4,396		4.0%
1980	4,744		7.9%
1990	4,806		1.3%
2000	5,030		4.7%
2010	5,139		2.2%
Est. 2014	5,056	[3]	−1.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[4]

As of the census^[5] of 2010, there were 5,139 people and 2,258 households in the city. The population density is 1,678.3 inhabitants per square mile (647/km²). There are 2,153 housing units at an average density of 943.6 per square mile (364.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 97.6% White, 0.3% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.01% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.74% of the population.

In 2000, there were 2,020 households out of which 32.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.6% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.5% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.00.

In the city the age distribution of the population shows 25.6% under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 20.5% from 45 to 64, and 18.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 91.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.8 males.

The median income for a Staunton household rose from $35,893 in 2000 to $43,720 in 2010, and the median income for a family was $44,630 at the turn of the millennium. Males had a median income of $35,000 versus $21,121 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,905. About 4.0% of families and 6.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.0% of those under age 18 and 4.0% of those age 65 or over.

Population^{[5][6][7][8][9]}

Staunton has maintained a relatively stable population for the past 100 years. The city reached its peak population in 1920, with a population of 6,027. It suffered a decline until 1950, when it reached 4,047. Since then, it has been growing modestly, although its growth is not keeping pace with the country as a whole (see table).

Population of Staunton and nearby cities and villages

	1900	1910	1920	1930	1940	1950	1960	1970	1980	1990	2000
US	76,212,168	92,228,531	106,021,568	123,202,660	132,165,129	150,844,547	179,325,671	203,210,158	226,545,805	248,709,873	281,421,906
Illinois	4,821,550	5,638,591	6,485,280	7,630,654	7,897,241	8,712,176	10,081,158	11,113,976	11,426,596	11,430,602	12,419,293
Staunton	2,786	5,048	6,027	4,618	4,212	4,047	4,228	4,396	4,744	4,806	5,030
Livingston†		1,092	1,365	1,447	1,115	999	964	916	949	928	825
Litchfield	5,918	5,971	6,215	6,612	7,048	7,208	7,330	7,190	7,204	6,883	6,815
Edwardsville	4,157	5,014	5,336	6,235	8,008	8,776	9,996	11,070	12,480	14,579	21,491

†No census data gathered for Livingston in 1900, since it was not yet incorporated.

As the above data shows, Staunton experienced quite robust growth in the early part of the 20th century. Compared to other cities/villages in the area, Staunton has held its own relatively speaking. While standouts such as Edwardsville have continued to experience robust growth even to this day, Staunton's modest growth is favorable when compared to neighboring Livingston.

History ^[10]

Name origins

A man named Stanton bought land in the area, and then decided to move on and gave the land to the village for a square. At the meeting to discuss the post office someone suggested they name the village Stanton, a nod to Mr. Stanton. The suggestion was accepted and the application for a post office at Stanton went off to Washington, D.C. There the clerk who handled the request must have thought those westerners couldn't spell. The grant came back with the name spelled S-t-a-u-n-t-o-n, which is the name of a town in the Appalachian region of Virginia. It would take time and effort to have the error corrected, and little attention seemed to be given to the discrepancy.. Staunton, Virginia was and still is pronounced "Stanton". And so it was in Staunton, Illinois for many years. Some say that the people here began saying Staunton as we do today only after their throats were so full of coal dirt that they could no longer say Stanton. (Source 1)

Timeline

Important Dates

• 1817: John Wood arrives in the area (blacksmith from Virginia)
• 1820: Richard Chapman builds first mill in Staunton (saves trips to St. Louis)
• 1825: First schoolhouse built (William Wilcox taught for $2 a student)
• 1831: Stephen Hicks opens first general store
• 1835: David Hendershot plats the first section of a village
• 1835: Luke Coons becomes first physician in Staunton
• 1837: First Post Office (William Bonner is first Postmaster)
  • An important addition because it brought in people and trade
  • Staunton goes from a subsistent farm community to a trade-based one
• 1859: Staunton becomes an incorporated village (previously unincorporated since 1830)
• 1870: Railroad arrives (drastic change on the community and the nation)
• 1873: Royal Gem Mill built
  • Won a gold medal for "Jack Frost Flower" at Paris World Exposition (1875)
• 1878: Staunton Star Times begins publication
• 1891: Staunton becomes a city after achieving a population of 2209 in 1890 (sufficient to apply for "City" status)
  • F. E. Godfrey serves as first mayor
• Early 1900s: Staunton starts to look like what we recognize today
  • Staunton continued to grow in the twentieth century. Many of the buildings that make up what is now downtown Staunton were built around the turn of the century.
• 1904: Illinois Traction System passes through Staunton
• 1910: Staunton achieves a population of 5049 (biggest city in Macoupin County at that time). Note: Although these numbers prove that Staunton was prospering, some had predicted that it would be three times this size by 1912. A real estate ad taken from the Staunton Star-Times on October 14, 1907 urges citizens to buy land quickly, as "Staunton will become a city of 15,000 people in five years' time and every lot in McKinley Addition will double or triple in value". (source 2) Although a good marketing ploy, Staunton would never approach even half of that anticipated size, and still today remains at only a third of that predicted population.
• 1913: Staunton Public Library established (first Librarian was Bess Kirkwood)
• 1922: Staunton Country Club established
• 1923: Staunton Volunteer Fire Department established
• 1923: Staunton football team goes 10-0 (including a state record victory of 233-0 over future rival Gillespie after one half of play)
• 1925: Staunton Community High School built
• 1925: Staunton's population (unofficially) reaches 6,600 (all-time high)
• 1927: Lake Staunton (known by locals as "The Rezzy") built for $230,000
• 1946: Community Memorial Hospital Association organized (building dedicated in 1951)
• 1956: Illinois Traction System runs its last passenger train through Staunton
• 1956: Interstate 55 built through Staunton (led to the decline of Route 66)
• 1959: Staunton celebrates the one hundredth anniversary of Village incorporation
  • The Centennial Celebration lasted from June 28 through July 4, 1959, and included games, a parade, and concessions. One interesting happening was the "Judging of the Beards", or the "Brothers of the Brush" contest, in which members of the community grew long beards to show respect and to honor those of past generations. (source 1) Note: Proprietor of Moore's Barbershop ran this contest, and ironically, since he was a barber, it probably hurt his own business for a while. However, the celebration of Staunton's history must have taken precedence, and many see his actions, as well as others who dedicated time and money towards the Centennial Celebration, as indicative of Staunton's close-knit and dedicated community members. The beards have also been thought to represent a socially acceptable way for males to escape the conformity of the 1950s. Either way, the celebration indicated a proud and thankful citizenry honoring its community's history.
• 1971: City Complex built (Library, City Clerk's Office, Police Station)
• 1991: Staunton celebrates the one hundredth anniversary of City Charter (less lavish than 1959 celebration)
• 1993: Staunton wins IHSA Class A basketball title
• 2004: Livingston schools are annexed into the Staunton School District
• 2009: Staunton celebrates its Sesquicentennial (150 years)
• 2013: Staunton earns IHSA Class 2A Runner-Up title in football after a 40-13 defeat at Northern Illinois University's Husky Stadium to the Comets of Sterling Newman Catholic High School. The Bulldogs hurdled Fairfield, Carlye, rival Gillespie (which had defeated them in the regular season), and Auburn on their historic playoff run before falling to the four-time state champion Comets.

Ethnic background of settlers

• Mostly from Germany in the mid-1800s (first German family in 1846)
• Irish immigration in the 1870s
• Italian immigration in the early 1900s

Coal mining

• Henry Voge opens first coal mine in 1869 ("The Gin Shaft")
• Coal mining characterized the city for nearly a century
  • Two large mounds of slag that rise from prairie farmland on the outskirts of Staunton tell much about the history and the present status of the small city. The size of the piles indicates many years of deep shaft coal production, while the weeded erosions indicate the tipples have been idle for years. Mining started here shortly before the Civil War. It ended shortly before World War II. When the shafts were operating, they provided most of the employment in the town. (Source 3) Note: although it has been said that coal mining had started in Staunton before the Civil War era, I found no indication of that in any other source. All of these indicate that coal mining first started in Staunton in 1869.
  • Staunton Local 755 becomes largest coal miners' union in the state
  • The Labor Temple was built in 1914 by the Local Miners' Union. The front doors of this fine structure opened onto an attractive lobby with a wide stairway to the second floor on the right and a ticket office centered between two entrances to a large auditorium which had a sloping floor, aisles between three sections of comfortable seats and in front a large, well-arranged stage. This auditorium had the first air conditioning system to be found anywhere within thirty-five miles of Staunton. From Tuesday through Sunday it was a theatre showing first-run movies for many years. The musical film Don't Give Up the Ship gave inspiration to local high school students in writing the Staunton High School fight song Don't Give Up the Fight. The first Monday of each month the Miners Union held their meeting there. The other Mondays could be booked for graduations, dramatic or musical productions by local groups, speakers, etc. Upstairs were toilet facilities, several small conference or committee meeting rooms, and a large hall where lodges met and dances and receptions could be held. (Source 1)

The last coal mine in Staunton closed down in 1951.

Religion

• Lutheran Church established in 1847 (first school building in 1881, though some instruction took place before that time)
• Catholic Church established in 1867 (first school building in 1904, though some instruction took place before that time)
• Many other denominations have establishments in Staunton

World War I

• Observers generally recognized that during the spring and summer of 1917 the American people, at least in the Midwest, were not fervent supporters of the war. As the United States rushed towards open hostility, even President Woodrow Wilson remarked on the "apparent apathy in the Middle West". (Source 4)
• In Staunton, the area's first organized opposition to the war emerged, as well as some of the first riots in support of U.S. intervention. During two evenings in early 1918, the local union decided, through vigilante tactics, to "Americanize" the City. (Source 4)
  • With one man at the head carrying a large American flag, the mob made its way to various homes in Staunton where…persons whose loyalty was not of the 100 percent kind resided. At each of more than one hundred houses visited, the crowd hammered on doors and forced men inside to come out into the street where they were required to kiss the flag, sign loyalty pledge cards, salute the flag, or make other manifestations of patriotism. (Source 4)
  • This display of "superpatriotism" was heralded throughout the area (even as far as Chicago).
  • Following the two nights of loyalty demonstrations in Staunton, the area's press gave enthusiastic support to the actions. The Staunton Star-Times announced that "the members of Local Union 755 [were] to be heartily congratulated on what they accomplished"…Other district papers not only supported the Staunton superpatriots but implied that such actions were required elsewhere in the area. The Mt. Olive Herald congratulated the Staunton patriots and issued a warning: "To Staunton belongs the honor of being first in the county in a real loyalty demonstration…In the future anyone with pro-German tendencies will do well to keep their mouths shut"…The Gillespie News commended the citizens of Staunton, and explained that while "we are not believers in mob violence…under the existing circumstances we are for it, and every man who took part in the Staunton demonstration should be given a medal"…And the Chicago Tribune commended the Staunton crowd for its "zealous Americanism". (Source 4)
  • The Governor of Illinois supported what the local union did in Staunton. "The people in Staunton who took the ‘Pros to a cleaning are not mobs…. They were the best citizens that can be found in the great state of ours." (Source 4)
• German dropped from the curriculum at Zion

Great Depression and World War II

• WPA projects

o Library Mural "Going to Work". Note: This mural, along with several others in Illinois, was the subject of a documentary film about art done under federal sponsorship during the Great Depression. The film, which was tentatively titled Silver Lining, was sponsored by the Illinois Bicentennial Commission and the Illinois Arts Council. (Source 5)

• Many joined the Armed Forces
• Staunton becomes a commuter work force (as it is today)

Media

The Staunton Star-Times has been Staunton's newspaper since 1878.^[11]

Kwik-Konnection was a well-circulated newspaper as well.

Music

The Staunton Municipal Band celebrated a special anniversary season in 2013 in celebration of the 150th year the band had been performing. In recent years, the band has consolidated with the municipal bands of Gillespie, Mt. Olive, and Benld to form the recently renamed Heritage Community Band. The band traditionally performs three concerts on Memorial Day in addition to a four-week season in Mt. Olive and a five to six week season in Staunton.

The Staunton High School band has been recognized across the continent for its excellence in marching performance. During the sixties and seventies, the "Red Shoes" were the band of choice for the Governor's escort in the State Fair Parade. Notable trips are marked by performances at the United States Air Force Academy, Niagara Falls, New York City, and Walt Disney World. After Director Marshall Cloyd left the district, the band took up the handle of Marching Bulldogs, and in 2002 the Bulldogs unsubscribed from their previous status of being an all-brass ensemble. Since 2012, the Marching Bulldogs have been under the direction of Brian Lotter, an SHS and University of Illinois alumnus.

Notable people

• Harold Brodkey, writer and novelist; born in Staunton
• Henry Keupper, pitcher for the St. Louis Terriers; born in Staunton
• Lou Rochelli, second baseman for the Brooklyn Dodgers; born in Staunton

Sources

1. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
2. "G001 - Geographic Identifiers - 2010 Census Summary File 1". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-12-27.
3. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
4. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
5. "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
6. "US Census Bureau, Census '90"
7. "CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING, 1980 Census"
8. "CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING, 1950 Census"
9. "CENSUS OF POPULATION AND HOUSING, 1920 Census"
10. Kilduff, Mary (1989). Staunton in Illinois. Staunton: Mary Kilduff. LCCN 92184331
11. http://stauntonstartimes.com/

External links

• City website