Boeing-Stearman Model 75

Model 75 "Stearman" Kaydet

Boeing Stearman N67193 in USN markings
Role	Biplane Trainer
Manufacturer	Stearman Aircraft / Boeing
Introduction	1934
Number built	10,620+
Unit cost	$11,000

The Stearman (Boeing) Model 75 is a biplane used as a military trainer aircraft, of which at least 10,626 were built in the United States during the 1930s and 1940s.^[1] Stearman Aircraft became a subsidiary of Boeing in 1934. Widely known as the Stearman, Boeing Stearman or Kaydet, it served as a primary trainer for the United States Army Air Forces, the United States Navy (as the NS & N2S), and with the Royal Canadian Air Force as the Kaydet throughout World War II. After the conflict was over, thousands of surplus aircraft were sold on the civilian market. In the immediate postwar years they became popular as crop dusters, sports planes, and for aerobatic and wing walking use in air shows.

Design and development

A WAVE in a Boeing Stearman N2S United States Navy training aircraft.

United States Navy N2S-2 at NAS Corpus Christi, 1943.

United States Navy NS-1s of the NAS Pensacola Flight School, 1936.

Boeing Stearman E75 (PT-13D) of 1944.

Boeing Stearman (PT-13) of the Israeli Air Force.

United States Navy N2S ambulance at NAS Corpus Christi, 1942.

Boeing Stearman PT-17, Museum of Historical Studies Institute of Aerospace in Perú - Lima.

The Kaydet was a conventional biplane of rugged construction with large, fixed tailwheel undercarriage, and accommodation for the student and instructor in open cockpits in tandem. The radial engine was usually uncowled, although some Stearman operators choose to cowl the engine, most notably the Red Baron Stearman Squadron.

Operational history

Post-war usage

After World War II, the thousands of primary trainer PT-17 Stearman planes were auctioned off to civilians and former pilots. Many were modified for cropdusting use, with a hopper for pesticide or fertilizer fitted in place of the front cockpit. Additional equipment included pumps, spray bars, and nozzles mounted below the lower wings. A popular approved modification to increase the maximum takeoff weight and climb performance involved fitting a larger Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior engine and a constant-speed propeller. An iconic movie image is a Stearman cropduster chasing Cary Grant across a field in North by Northwest. Christopher Reeve and Scott Wilson are shown flying 1936 variants in the 1985 movie The Aviator.

Variants

The U.S. Army Air Forces Kaydet had three different designations based on its power plant:

PT-13: with a Lycoming R-680 engine. 2,141 total all models.^[2]

PT-13 Initial production. R-680-B4B engine. 26 built.

PT-13A R-680-7 engine. 92 delivered 1937-38. Model A-75.

PT-13B R-680-11 engine. 255 delivered 1939-40.

PT-13C Six PT-13Bs modified for instrument flying.

PT-13D PT-13As equipped with the R-680-17 engine. 353 delivered. Model E-75.

PT-17

With a Continental R-670-5 engine. 3,519 delivered

PT-17A 18 PT-17s were equipped with blind-flying instrumentation.

PT-17B Three PT-17s were equipped with agricultural spraying equipment for pest-control.

PT-18

PT-13 with a Jacobs R-755 engine, 150 built.

PT-18A Six PT-18s fitted with blind-flying instrumentation.

PT-27

Canadian PT-17. This designation was given to 300 aircraft supplied under Lend-Lease to the RCAF.

The U.S. Navy had several versions including:

NS

Up to 61 delivered. powered by surplus 220 hp (164 kW) Wright J-5 Whirlwind.^[3]

N2S

Known colloquially as the "Yellow Peril" from its overall-yellow paint scheme.

N2S-1 R-670-14 engine. 250 delivered to the U.S. Navy.

N2S-2 R-680-8 engine. 125 delivered to the U.S. Navy.

N2S-3 R-670-4 engine. 1,875 delivered to the U.S. Navy.

N2S-4 99 US Army aircraft diverted to the U.S. Navy, plus 577 new-build aircraft.

N2S-5 R-680-17 engine. 1,450 delivered to the U.S. Navy.

Stearman 70

Original prototype, powered by 215 hp (160 kW) Lycoming radial engine. Temporary designation XPT-943 for evaluation.^[4]

Model 73

Initial production version. 61 built for U.S. Navy as NS plus export variants.^[3]

Model 73L3

Version for Philippines, powered by 200 hp (150 kW) R-680-4 or R-680C1 engines. Seven built.^[5]

Model A73B1

Seven aircraft for Cuban Air Force powered by 235 hp (175 kW) Wright R-790 Whirlwind. Delivered 1939–1940.^[5]

Model A73L3

Improved version for Philippines. Three built.^[6]

Stearman 75

(a.k.a. X75) Evaluated by the U.S. Army as a primary trainer. The X75L3 became the PT-13 prototype. Variants of the 75 formed the PT-17 family.

Stearman 76

Export trainer and armed versions of the 75.

Stearman 90 and 91

(a.k.a. X90 & X91) Productionized metal frame version, becoming the XBT-17.

Stearman XPT-943

The X70 evaluated at Wright Field.

American Airmotive NA-75

Single-seat agricultural conversion of Model 75, fitted with new, high-lift wings.^[7]

Operators

Argentina

Argentine Air Force
Argentine Navy received 16 Model 76D1s 1936 to 1937^[8] and 60 N2S Kaydet post-war; all were retired by the early 1960s^[9]

Bolivia

Bolivian Air Force^[10]

Brazil: Brazilian Air Force model A75L3 and 76.^[11]
Canada: Royal Canadian Air Force received 301 PT-27s under Lend Lease.^[12]
Republic of China: Republic of China Air Force received 150 PT-17s under Lend-Lease,^[13] and 20 refurbished aircraft post war.^[14]
Colombia: Colombian Air Force^[10]
Cuba

Cuban Air Force^[10]

Dominican Republic

Dominican Air Force^[10]

Greece

Hellenic Air Force

Guatemala^[15]

Guatemalan Air Force^[10]

Honduras

Honduran Air Force^[15]

Survivors

A considerable number of Stearmans remain in flying condition throughout the world, as the type remains a popular sport plane and warbird.

Argentina

An N2S-5 (BuNo. 61151) (ex-0308/1-E-57) is at the Argentine Naval Aviation Museum in flight condition.^[9]

Brazil

A PT-17 is displayed at the Museu Aeroespacial in Rio de Janeiro and TAM Museum in São Carlos.

Colombia

Two PT-17s remain in active service for display (serials FAC-62 and FAC-1995).

Israel

The Israeli Air Force maintains a single airworthy PT-17 ("31") at its museum in Hatzerim.

Peru

A PT-17 is on display at the Instituto de Estudios Históricos Aeroespaciales del Perú, Miraflores, Lima.

Mexico

3 PT-17s are on display at the Air College.

United States

A Stearman Model 70 (N571Y): The original prototype of the Model 75 is in the final stages of restoration at Western Antique Aeroplane & Automobile Museum.
A PT-17 (A75N1; s/n 41-7960; c/n 75-1519; N53129) is in regular use at Mississippi State University as a research aircraft and glider tow-plane.^[17]
A PT-17 (s/n 41-8022; N49760) is on display and available for flights at Flying Adventures, Johnson Aeronautical, St Petersburg Clearwater International Airport in St Pete, Florida
A PT-17 (s/n 41-8786; c/n 75-2345) is on display at the New England Air Museum, Bradley International Airport, Windsor Locks, CT.^[18]
A PT-17 (s/n 41-25254; c/n 75-2743; N41EE) Kaydet is presented as a USN N2S-3 (a.k.a. "Yellow Peril") and is flown regularly at the Military Aviation Museum in Pungo, Virginia.
A PT-17 (A75L3; s/n 41-25588; c/n 75-3095; N62945) is in regular use at Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport in Santa Rosa, California.^[19]
A PT-17 (s/n 41-25623; c/n 75-3130) is on display in the hangar deck of the USS Yorktown (CV-10) at The Patriots Point Naval and Maritime Museum in Charleston, South Carolina.
A PT-17 (s/n 42-15687; c/n 75-3876) is on display at Vintage Flying Museum, Meacham International Airport, Fort Worth, Texas.^[20])
A PT-27 (s/n 42-15804; c/n 75-3993; RCAF FJ943) is flown on behalf of the No. 1 British Flying Training School Museum where it commemorates its service with the No. 1 BFTS during World War II from early 1943 to mid 1944. This particular aircraft was one of 300 given to the Royal Canadian Air Force under Lend-Lease and served in Canada from June 1942 to December 1942.
A PT-13D (s/n 42-17800; c/n 75-5693) is on display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in Dayton, Ohio. This aircraft is from the last batch of Kaydets produced (contract numbers 75-5009 through 75-6026) and was donated to the museum in 1959 by the Boeing Aircraft Company, which purchased the Stearman Company in 1934.^[21]
A N2S-3 (BuNo 92468; c/n 75-6707) in which George H. W. Bush once flew as part of his navy training is on display at the Pacific Aviation Museum Pearl Harbor, on Ford Island, Pearl Harbor.^[22]^[23]
A N2S-3 (BuNo 38278; c/n 75-7899) is on display at the Tri-State Warbird Museum in Batavia, Ohio.^[24]^[25]
A N2S (BuNo 15923) is on display Carolinas Aviation Museum, Charlotte, North Carolina.
An annual gathering of surviving Stearman biplanes known as the "Stearman Fly-In" takes place during the first week of September at the Galesburg Municipal Airport in Galesburg, Illinois.^[26]

Specifications (PT-17)

Data from United States Military Aircraft since 1909^[27]

General characteristics

Crew: two, student and instructor
Length: 24 ft 9 in (7.54 m)
Wingspan: 32 ft 2 in (9.81 m)
Height: 9 ft 8 in (3 m)
Wing area: 298 sq ft (27.7 m²)
Empty weight: 1,931 lb (878 kg)
Max. takeoff weight: 2,635 lb (1,200 kg)
Powerplant: 1 × Continental R-670-5 seven-cylinder air-cooled radial engine, 220 hp (164 kW)

Performance

Maximum speed: 135 mph (117 knots, 217 km/h)
Cruise speed: 96 mph (83 knots, 155 km/h)
Service ceiling: 13,200 ft (4,024 m)
Climb to 10,000 ft (3,330 m): 17.3 min

References

Notes

↑ National Museum of the United States Air Force gives the figure 10,346 but this includes the equivalent airframes in manufactured spare parts.
↑ NMUSAF fact sheet: Stearman PT-13D Kaydet. Retrieved 18 May 2010.
1 2 Bowers 1989, pp.252-253.
↑ Bowers 1989, pp. 251–252.
1 2 Bowers 1989, p. 253.
↑ Bowers 1989, p. 254.
↑ Taylor 1965, p. 178.
↑ Bowers 1989, p. 268.
1 2 Núñez Padín, Jorge (2000). "BOEING STEARMAN N2S KAYDET". Fuerzas Navales (in Spanish). Jorge N. Padín. Retrieved 2014-05-16.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Andrade 1979, p. 159
1 2 3 4 5 Andrade 1979, p. 158
↑ Bowers 1989, p. 265.
↑ Bowers 1989, p. 262.
↑ Bowers 1989, pp. 260–261.
1 2 3 4 5 "Boeing-Stearman Kadyet". Military Factory. 2013-06-20. Retrieved 2014-05-17.
↑ Nordeen 1991, p. 27.
↑ http://www.ae.msstate.edu/rfrl/pages/stearman.html
↑ http://neam.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=905 "Stearman PT-17 (Model 75) 'Kaydet'"
↑ Hug, Robin. "New aviation company flying old planes". The Windsor Times. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
↑ "Boeing PT-17 Kaydet". VintageFlyingMuseum.org. Vintage Flying Museum. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
↑ United States Air Force Museum 1975, p. 21.
↑ "2012 Annual Report" (PDF). PacificAviationMuseum.org. Pacific Aviation Museum. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
↑ Shupek, John. "Hawaii Aviation Museum Guide". Skytamer.com. Skytamer Images. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
↑ "Restored Aircraft". Tri-State Warbird Museum. Retrieved 27 July 2014.
↑ "Airframe Dossier - Stearman Kaydet, s/n 38278 USN, c/n 75-7899, c/r N224DF". AerialVisuals.ca. www.AerialVisuals.ca. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
↑ http://www.stearmanflyin.com/
↑ Swanborough and Bowers 1963, p. 443.

Bibliography

Andrade, John. U.S.Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909, Midland Counties Publications, 1979, ISBN 0 904597 22 9
Avis, Jim and Bowman, Martin. Stearman: A Pictorial History. Motorbooks, 1997. ISBN 0-7603-0479-3.
Bowers, Peter M. Boeing Aircraft since 1916. London:Putnam, 1989. ISBN 0-85177-804-6.
Nordeen, Lon. Fighters Over Israel. London: Guild Publishing, 1991.
Phillips, Edward H. Stearman Aircraft: A Detailed History . Specialty Press, 2006. ISBN 1-58007-087-6.
Swanborough, F.G. and Peter M. Bowers. United States Military Aircraft since 1909. London:Putnam, 1963.
Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965–66. London: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, 1965.
United States Air Force Museum. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Museum Foundation. 1975.

Videography

Stearman, Lloyd. Stearmans, You Gotta Love Them. Lap Records, 2005. (NTSC Format)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Boeing Stearman Kaydet.

Interview with Boeing PT-17 air show pilot John Mohr.

Aerobatics

Aircraft	List of aerobatic aircraft

Competitions	European Gliding Championships FAI European Aerobatic Championships FAI World Aerobatic Championships FAI World Grand Prix Red Bull Air Race World Championship World Gliding Championships

Maneuvers	Loop (Inside & Outside) Aileron roll Barrel roll Cuban Eight Falling Leaf Hesitation roll Immelmann turn Kulbit Lomcevak Pugachev's Cobra Slip Spin Split S Stall Turn/Hammerhead Tailslide The Scissors Whifferdill turn Zurabatic Cartwheel

Organizations	British Aerobatic Association Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (Aresti Catalog) International Aerobatic Club International Miniature Aerobatic Club

Pilots	Cecilia R. Aragon Hannes Arch Princess Basmah Bani Ahmad Lincoln J. Beachey Péter Besenyei Ladislav Bezák Marta Bohn-Meyer Paul Bonhomme Pip Borrman Kirby Chambliss Julie Clark Marion Cole Vicki Cruse Mario de Bernardi Glen Dell Matthias Dolderer Wilhelm Düerkop Walter Extra Markus Feyerabend Gerhard Fieseler Jozef Gabris Michael Goulian Matt Hall Wayne Handley Ray Hanna Charlie Hillard Bob Hoover Bevo Howard Petr Jirmus Steve Jones Jurgis Kairys Georgij Kaminski Svetlana Kapanina Sándor Katona Charlie Kulp Anatoly Kvochur Nigel Lamb Jim LeRoy François Le Vot Leo Loudenslager Nancy Lynn Alejandro Maclean Pete McLeod Jerzy Makula Stanisław Makula Mikhail Mamistov Mike Mangold Scott Manning Catherine Maunoury Neil Williams Pyotr Nesterov Alexandr Panfierov Ivy May Pearce Adolphe Pégoud František Peřina Tom Poberezny Maciej Pospieszyński Sergey Rakhmanin Amelia Reid Olaf Schmidt Art Scholl Klaus Schrodt Betty Skelton Erde Skip Stewart Martin Šonka Gene Soucy Chris Sperou Victor Tchmal Reinhold Tiling Ferenc Tóth Sean D. Tucker Nick Turvey Ernst Udet Gabor Varga Juan Velarde Frank Versteegh Patty Wagstaff Kermit Weeks Walter Wolfrum Janusz Żurakowski

Other	3D Radio control Virtual Festival of Aerobatic Teams

Stearman Aircraft

Aircraft	C1 C2 C3 M-2 LT-1 CAB-1 4 5 6 X-70 73 75 76 80 81 Sportster X-85 X-90 X-91 X-100 X-120 200

Military designations	A-21 AT-15 BT-3 BT-5 BT-17 L-15 NS N2S OSS PT-9 PT-13 PT-17 PT-18 PT-27 XPT-943

Companies	Stearman Aircraft United Aircraft and Transport Corporation Boeing Spirit AeroSystems

Boeing model numbers

Aircraft	1 2 3 4 5 6 6D 6E 7 8 10 15 16 21 40 42 50 53 54 55 58 63 64 66 67 68 69 72 74 75 77 80 81 83 89 93 95 96 99 100 101 102 200 202 203 204 205 214 215 218 221 222 223 226 227 234 235 236 246 247 248 251 256 264 266 267 273 280 281 294 299 300 306 307 314 316 344 345 367 367-80 377 400 450 451 464 466 474 479 701 818 953 707 717 (i) 717 (ii) 720 727 733 737 739 747 757 767 777 787 2707

Turbine engines	500 502 520 550

Vessels	929

Other	Boeing Customer Codes

United States trainer aircraft designations, Army/Air Force and Tri-Service systems

Advanced Trainer
(1925-1948)

Basic Combat
(1936-1940)

Basic Trainer
(1930-1948)

Primary Trainer
(1924-1948)

Main sequence
(1948-present)

1948 redesignations	T-6 T-7 T-11 T-13A T-13B/D T-17 T-19

New designations	T-28 T-29 T-30 T-31 T-32 T-33 T-34 T-35 T-36 T-37 T-38 T-39 T-40 T-41 T-42 T-43 T-44 T-45 T-46 T-47 T-48 (I) T-48 (II) CT-49 T-50 T-51 T-52 T-53

Alternate sequences

1962 redesignations	T-1 T-2

1990-1996 sequence	T-1 T-2¹ T-3 T-4¹ T-5¹ T-6

¹ Not assigned

USN/USMC trainer aircraft designations 1922-1948

Boeing	NB N2B

Curtiss	NC¹ N2C

Piper	NE

Huff-Daland	HN

Howard	NH

North American	NJ

Keystone	NK

Langley	NL

Martin	NM¹ N2M

Naval Aircraft Factory	NN¹ N2N N3N N4N¹ XN5N

Spartan	NP

Fairchild	NQ

Ryan	NR

Stearman	NS N2S

New Standard	NT

Timm	NT² N2T

Consolidated	NY N2Y N3Y N4Y

¹ Not assigned ² Assigned to a different manufacturer's type

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