Stepnogorsk Scientific and Technical Institute for Microbiology

Stepnogorsk Scientific and Technical Institute for Microbiology
Stepnogorsk, Kazakhstan
Corona imagery of the Institute, taken at an unknown date.
Coordinates	52°21′16″N 71°53′13″E / 52.35444°N 71.88694°E / 52.35444; 71.88694Coordinates: 52°21′16″N 71°53′13″E / 52.35444°N 71.88694°E / 52.35444; 71.88694
Type	Biological Weapons Research/Production
Site information
Controlled by	Soviet Union (1982-1991), Kazakhstan (1991-Present)
Site history
Built	1982
In use	1982-Present
Garrison information
Past commanders	Ken Alibek, Vladimir Bugreyev

The Stepnogorsk Scientific and Technical Institute for Microbiology, also known as the Scientific Experimental and Production Base, was one of the premier biological warfare facilities operated by the Soviet Union. It was the only Biopreparat facility to be built outside of Russia proper, and one of the few ever visited officially by Western experts. Currently, the site conducts civilian biological research, overseen by director Vladimir Bugreyev. The United States Department of State and the U.S. Civilian Research & Development Foundation provide significant funds supporting research at Stepnogorsk.^[1]

History

The facility was built in 1982, ten kilometers from Stepnogorsk, Kazakhstan, in the wake of the accident at Sverdlovsk. It was built to develop and produce large quantities of weaponized anthrax, almost 300 tons annually, in order to fill the production gap caused by a potential shutdown of their Sverdlovsk facility.^[2] Soviet leadership placed Colonel Kanatjan Alibekov (a.k.a. Ken Alibek) in charge of the base until his transfer to Moscow in 1987.

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Stepnogorsk base fell under the purview of the nascent Kazakh government, who, having little interest in weapons of mass destruction, let the secret city fall into disrepair.^[2]

Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev personally granted a team of American experts, led by U.S. Department of Defense diplomat Andy Weber, permission to visit the still-operational site in 1995, the first time an American intelligence team had ever been allowed to do so.^[2]

References

↑ http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/world/russia/stepnogorsk.htm
1 2 3 Miller, Judith; Engelberg, Stephen; and Broad, William. Germs: Biological Weapons and America's Secret War. New York: Simon and Schuster, Inc., 2002.

Soviet biological weapons program

Weaponized agents	Smallpox Anthrax Plague Botulism Brucellosis Glanders Q fever Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Tularemia VEE Marburg Wheat stem rust Rice blast

Researched agents	AHF BHF Bird flu CHIKV Dengue fever EEE Hantavirus Lassa fever Melioidosis Newcastle disease Plague Potato blight Psittacosis Ricin RVF Rinderpest Typhus WEE Yellow fever

Operations and projects	Project Bonfire Project Factor

Facilities and test sites	Biopreparat Stepnagorsk Scientific and Technical Institute Institute of Ultra Pure Biochemical Preparations VECTOR Institute of Applied Biochemistry Kirov bioweapons production facility Zagorsk smallpox production facility Berdsk bioweapons production facility Obolensk bioweapons research facility Military Compound 19 Aralsk-7 (Vozrozhdeniya Island) Institute of Virus Preparations Poison laboratory of the Soviet secret services

Bioweaponeers	Kanatjan Alibekov (Ken Alibek) Vladimir Pasechnik Sergei Popov Yuri Ovchinnikov Igor Domaradskij Nikolai Ustinov Pyotr Burgasov

Accidents	Sverdlovsk anthrax leak Aral smallpox incident

Related topics	Biological agent Biological warfare (BW) Entomological warfare U.S. biological weapons program History of biological warfare Sanitary epidemiological reconnaissance

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