Subramanian Swamy

Dr.
Subramanian Swamy
Dr. Swamy
Member of Parliament (Rajya Sabha)
Assumed office
26 April 2016
Constituency Nominated, as a person of excellence
In office
1988–1994
Constituency Uttar Pradesh State
In office
1974–1976
Constituency Uttar Pradesh State
Minister of Commerce and Industry
In office
10 November 1990 – 21 June 1991
Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar Singh
Minister of Law and Justice
(Additional Charge)
In office
10 November 1990 – 21 June 1991
Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar Singh
Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha)
In office
1998–1999
Preceded by A. G. S. Ram Babu
Succeeded by P. Mohan
Constituency Madurai
In office
1977–1984
Preceded by Rajaram Gopal Kulkarni
Succeeded by Gurudas Kamat
Constituency Mumbai North East
President, Janata Party
In office
1990–2013
Personal details
Born (1939-09-15) 15 September 1939
Mylapore, Madras Presidency
Political party
Spouse(s) Roxna Swamy (m. 1966)
Children
  • Gitanjali Sharma
  • Suhasini Haider
Alma mater
Religion Hinduism

Subramanian Swamy (born 15 September 1939) is an Indian politician and economist who serves as a member of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament.[1][2] He was the President of the Janata Party[3] until he merged on with Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).[4][5] Swamy has served as a member of the Planning Commission of India and was a Cabinet Minister in the short-lived Chandra Shekhar government. Earlier in November 1978, Swamy was member of the Group of Eminent persons called to Geneva to prepare a report of the United Nations (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)) on Economic Co-operation between Developing countries (ECDC). Swamy also simplified trade procedures and formulated a new export strategy which became the forerunner of trade reform adopted subsequently. In 1994, Swamy was appointed as Chairman of the Commission on Labour Standards and International Trade by then Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao. He also serves as chairman[6] of the Board of Governors of the SCMS Group of Educational Institutions in Kerala. He has written on foreign affairs of India dealing largely with China, Pakistan and Israel. He was nominated to Rajya Sabha on 26 April 2016.

Early life and education

Subramanian Swamy was born at Mylapore, Chennai, India[7][8] in a Tamil Brahmin family which hailed originally from Madurai in Tamil Nadu.[9] His father, Sitaraman Subramanian, was a bureaucrat and his mother, Padmavathy, was a homemaker. He has one younger brother, Ram Subramanian as well as two younger sisters.[10] Sitaraman Subramanian was an officer in the Indian Statistical Service who served as the director of the Central Statistical Institute in Delhi, and was a statistical adviser to the Government of India.[11] The family, which hailed from Madurai in Tamil Nadu, moved to New Delhi when Swamy was only six months old. Due to his father's job and the family's Tamil roots, major national leaders like K. Kamaraj, C. Rajagopalachari and S. Satyamurti often visited Sitaraman.[12][13][14]

Swamy attended Hindu College, University of Delhi, from where he earned his Bachelor Honours degree in Mathematics. He then took his master's degree in Statistics from the Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata. He then went to study at Harvard University, where he received a PhD in Economics in 1965. His thesis adviser was Nobel Laureate Simon Kuznets.[13][15] In 1963, while he was a doctoral student at Harvard, Swamy worked at the United Nations Secretariat in New York as an Assistant Economics Affairs Officer. He subsequently worked as a resident tutor at Lowell House at Harvard university.

While studying at Harvard, Swamy met Roxna, an Indian lady of Parsi ethnicity who was studying PhD in mathematics at Harvard.[16][17] They were married in in June 1966. Shortly afterwards, Roxna abandoned mathematics for law and became an advocate at the Supreme Court of India.[18][19] The Swamys have two daughters. The elder daughter, Gitanjali Sarma, is the wife of Sanjay Sarma, a professor at MIT who is the son of E.A.S Sarma, a retired IAS officer and former secretary to the government of India. The younger daughter, Suhasini Haider, is a print and television journalist married to Nadeem Haider, the son of former Indian foreign secretary Salman Haider.

Academic career

In July 1965, immediate after obtaining his PhD in economics from Harvard, Swamy joined the faculty of economics at the same institution as an assistant professor,[13][20] and in 1969, he was made an associate professor.[21] As associate professor, he was invited by the future Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen[11] for a professor’s[22] to occupy the chair on Chinese studies at the Delhi School of Economics.[12] He accepted the offer, and indeed he even travelled to India to take up the position, but his appointment was cancelled at the last minute due to his views on India's economic policy and also its nuclear policy.[11] At that time, India was in the grip of socialism and the "command economy" model instituted by Nehru and his daughter Indira Gandhi, and Swamy was a believer in free markets.

Thereafter, Swamy moved to the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi and he was a full Professor of Mathematical Economics there from 1969 to 1991.[20][23] He was removed from the position by its board of governors in the early 1970s but was legally reinstated in the late 1990s by the Supreme Court of India. He continued in the position until 1991 when he resigned to become a cabinet minister. He served on the Board of Governors of the IIT, Delhi (1977–80) and on the Council of IITs (1980–82). He also taught economics courses in summer session at Harvard[24] until 2011.

Swamy now serves as Chairman of the School of Communication and Management Studies in Kochi.[25][26]

Political career

Early politics

Swamy's career started with his involvement in the Sarvodaya movement, which was an apolitical movement but which formed the foundation of the creation of Janata Party later.[27] The real turn in his political career came after his sacking from IIT. Liberal economic policies put forward by him didn't go well with the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi who discredited him as 'Santa Claus with unrealistic ideas'. He was later expelled from Indian Institute of Technology. This marked the beginning of his active political career. Staunch opponent of Indira Gandhi and right wing political party Jansangh sent him to Rajya Sabha – the upper house of Indian Parliament.[11]

He was elected Member of Parliament 5 times between 1974 and 1999. He has twice represented the city of Mumbai North East during 1977 and 1980, Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu in the Parliament.[11]

During the period of the Emergency, he fled to the United States, seeking haven with an Indian businessman in Michigan who had become the spokesperson of the opposition in the United States. In 1976, when the Emergency was still in force and an arrest warrant had been issued in his name, Swamy came to Parliament to attend the session and managed to escape India after the session was adjourned. This act of defiance was well received in the eyes of opposition parties.[28][29]

Swamy was one of the founding members of the Janata Party and served as its president till 2013.

Electoral history

1974–76 - Member of Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh, elected on a Jan Sangh party ticket
1977-80 - Member of Lok Sabha from Mumbai North East (Lok Sabha constituency), elected on a Janata Party ticket
1980-84 - Member of Lok Sabha from Mumbai North East (Lok Sabha constituency), elected on a Janata Party ticket
1988–94 - Member of Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh, elected on a Janata Party ticket
1998-99 - Member of Lok Sabha from Madurai (Lok Sabha constituency), elected on a Janata Party ticket
2016 - Member of Rajya Sabha, Nominated Category

Minister of Commerce and Law of India

During 1990 and 1991, Swamy served as a member of the Planning Commission of India and as Cabinet Minister of Commerce and Law. During this period, Swamy claims to have provided the blueprint for the economic reforms in India under Prime Minister Chandra Shekhar[30][31] which was later carried out in 1991 by Manmohan Singh,[13] then Finance Minister under leadership of Prime Minister Narasimha Rao.[31] In his book, Swamy asserts that Manmohan Singh acknowledges his role as well.[6][32]

Later years

Between 1994 and 1996, Swamy held the position of Chairman of the Commission on Labour Standards and International Trade (equivalent in rank to a cabinet minister) under Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao.[11] He continued to be president of the Janata Party till 2013. On 11 August 2013, Swamy officially joined BJP when it's President was Rajnath Singh. His admission to the party would mark the merger of the Janata Party with the Bharatiya Janata Party.[4]

Court petitions

Petition to strike down anti-defamation laws

In Oct 2014, Swamy filed a petition in Supreme Court praying for declaring Sections 499 and 500 of the Indian Penal Code that deal with criminal defamation as unconstitutional.[33]

Complaint against Jayalalithaa

In 1996, Swamy had filed a criminal complaint against Jayalalitha which led to her prosecution, conviction and sentencing to four years imprisonment. Later, on May 11, 2015, a special Bench of the Karnataka High Court set aside the trial court order convicting former Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Jayalalitha, who was acquitted of all charges in the disproportionate assets case.[34][35] An Appeal against the High court verdict was filed in Supreme Court.[36]

Phone tapping allegation

Swamy released a letter alleging that former intelligence chief had asked DoT to tap the phone of many politicians and businessmen in Karnataka,[37] the then Chief Minister, Ramakrishna Hegde resigned in 1988.[38] Hegde then filed a case against him in 1989 and 1990.[39][40][41]

Hashimpura massacre

Main article: Hashimpura massacre

In 1987, when Muslim youths were killed under police custody, Swamy spoke against it and sat on a fast for more than a week in Jantar Mantar demanding the institution of an inquiry.[42] After 25 years he started pursuing the case once again in court.[43]

Rebecca John, a counsel for the Hashimpura complainants, told Additional Sessions Judge Rakesh Siddhartha who is conducting the trial in the case, that "there is no other motive than politics behind Swamy's plea for further investigation and it would only further delay the trial".[44]

Role in exposing 2G spectrum scam

Main article: 2G spectrum scam

In November 2008, Swamy amongst others wrote the first of five letters to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh seeking permission to prosecute A. Raja in regard to 2G spectrum scam.[45] After not receiving any response,[46] Swamy decided to file a case on his own in the Supreme Court of India regarding the matter, which then asked the Central Bureau of Investigation to produce a detailed report on it.[47] He further called on the Indian government to re-auction the 2G spectrum without the involvement of Communications Minister Kapil Sibal.[48]

On 15 April 2011, he filed a 206-page petition with PM Singh seeking permission to prosecute Sonia Gandhi on charges of corruption. He also raised doubts regarding her acquisition of Indian citizenship.[49] Swamy filed documents in the court to prosecute Minister of Home Affairs P. Chidambaram by including a 15 January 2008 letter written by Chidambaram to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. Swamy also placed on record the certified copy of the minutes of a meeting between Chidambaram, Raja and the prime minister during the tenure of Raja as the MOC&IT.[50] Since criminal charges were filed against the accused, but no evidence was given by Swamy or the CBI, all the respondents have got bail as of July 2012.

Sanction to prosecute telecom minister A. Raja

On 31 January 2012, the Supreme Court of India accepted Swamy's petition against the Prime Minister's Office in the 2G case, saying that all public authorities should give a sanction within three months against any public official if a request is made for prosecution.

The Supreme Court said that Swamy had the locus standi to seek sanction from the Prime Minister for the prosecution of A Raja in the 2G scam. Sanction by a competent authority for the prosecution of a public servant has to be granted within a time frame, the apex court said. Justice AK Ganguly said that the sanction would be deemed to be granted if competent authority failed to take a decision within four months.

Swamy's arguments were that he wrote to the PMO on 29 November 2008, but it was only on 19 March 2010 the PMO replied that the plea made by Swamy was "premature" as investigation was being carried out by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). Raja was arrested by the CBI in the case and got bail on 15 May 2012 after spending nearly 15 months in the Tihar Central Jail.[51]

Petition to strike down "single directive provision"

In 1997, Swamy filed a petition in the Supreme Court of India to strike down a provision which barred CBI from investigating corruption charges against officers of the rank of joint secretary and above without prior permission of the Govt of India called as "Dr. Subramanian Swamy Versus Director, Central Bureau of Investigation & Anr."[52] On 6 May 2014, a five-judge constitution bench held the single directive provision as invalid and unconstitutional. The court said that "Protection of prior approval for probing graft charges against officers at level of joint secretary and above has propensity of shielding corruption"[53][54] Experts such as former CBI Director Joginder Singh praised the judgement as "Superb".[55] Incumbent CBI Director Ranjit Sinha welcomed the judgement and said, "now a very heavy responsibility has been cast upon us to ensure that no innocent civil-servant is harassed."[56]

Investigation on EVM

Further information: Indian voting machines

Swamy demanded that an independent committee should be formed to check the security and safety of the Electronic Voting Machines (EVM) to avoid any rigging or tampering. He argued that countries like US, Japan, UK, Germany and Netherlands have abandoned EVMs and are using paper-ballot system and demanded that a printed receipt should be given to every voter after casting the vote.[57][58] His PIL to investigate the working of EVM was dismissed by the Delhi High Court on 17 January 2012. The court refused to give any direction to the Election Commission to bring back paper-ballot system or use of printed receipts. The Commission argued that the use of paper is not feasible due to the huge size of Indian electorate. The court further asked the Election Commission to "immediately begin a process of wider consultations" and the Parliament "to go into this question in depth and decide".[59][60]

On 22 January 2013 the Election Commission informed the Supreme Court that it would include Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) system which is in the testing phase after the court agreed with some points raised by Swamy who was the contender,[61] in the machines so that every voter will come to know who he/she is voting by getting a printed slip after pressing the EVM button.[62][63] The voter paper audit trail has then been in use from 4 September 2013.[64][65]

On 8 October 2013 the Supreme Court directed the Election Commission to implement audit trail system in 2014 general election in phases.[66]

National Herald case

Main article: National Herald Case

On 1 November 2012 Swamy alleged that both Sonia and Rahul Gandhi have committed fraud and land grabbing to a tune of ₹20 billion (US$300 million) by acquiring a public ltd company called Associated Journals Private Ltd (AJPL) through their owned private company, Young India[67] which was formed on 23 November 2010.[68] Through this they had got publication rights of National Herald and Quami Awaz newspapers, with real estate properties in Delhi and Uttar Pradesh.[69] The acquired place was intended only for newspaper purposes but were used for running a passport office, amounting to lakhs of rupees, it alleges. Swamy further added that Rahul Gandhi hid the facts in his affidavit while filing nomination for the 2009 Lok Sabha elections.[70][71]

It further alleges that on 26 February 2011 AJPL approved the transfer of unsecured loan of ₹900 million (US$13 million) from the All India Congress Committee at zero interest.[72][73] Swamy argued that it is illegal for any political party to lend the loan as per violation of Section 269T of Income Tax Act 1961.[74] On 2 November, the party responded that the loan was given only for reviving National Herald newspaper with no commercial interest.[75] Swamy decided to approach the Supreme Court for de-recognising the Congress party, while the Election Commission ordered the probe on 17 November 2012.[76][77]

The hearing of the case had been taken up thereafter on different occasions[78][79][80][81][82] with the court observing prima facie evidence against all the accused.[80][83][84] On 1 August 2014 the Enforcement Directorate initiated probe to find any money laundering in the case[85] while on the same day Swamy was served notice by the High Court.[86] On 28 August the metropolitan court fixed 9 December for the next hearing of the case,[87][88] while on 12 January 2015 the judge of the Delhi High Court recused himself from hearing the case stating that schedule of cases has been changed and directed that the petitions be directed before an appropriate bench.[89] On 27 January 2015, the Supreme Court asked Swamy to make out a case for the speedy trial in the Delhi High Court since the petition cannot be heard directly.[90]

On 18 September 2015 it was reported that the Enforcement Directorate had reopened the investigation.[91] Following it, on 19 December 2015 Patiala House Court granted unconditional bail immediately on the hearing to all the five accused but one with the next hearing scheduled on 20 February 2016[92][93][94] while on 12 February 2016 the Supreme Court granted exemption to them from personal appearances but refused to interfere in the ongoing trial.[95][96]

Temple Cases

Nataraja temple case

Swamy had filed a petition in the Supreme Court with priests of the dikshithar sect challenging the decision of the Madras High Court on transferring the administration of the Nataraja temple to the then Tamil Nadu government in 2009.[97]

Swamy on referring to the provisions of Tamil Nadu Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Act, contended that Podu Dikshitars have right to administer the temple[98] and argued on handing over the administration on mismanagement grounds of temple's wealth is violation under article 26 of the Constitution of India.[99] On 6 January 2014 the Supreme Court ruled that the administration is to be handed over back to the priests of the temple from the state government.[100]

Shri Ram temple case

Further information: Ram Janmabhoomi
Main article: Ayodhya dispute

On 22 February 2016, Swamy filed a petition in the Supreme Court allowing construction of Rama temple at the disputed site where Babri Masjid was demolished in 1992, and expediting the adjudication related to order of the Allahabad High Court on 30 September 2010,[101][102] petition was accepted on 26 February to be later heard by the court.[103]

Campaign against black money

Main article: Black money in India

Swamy has been the original campaigner against corruption by bringing into light the 2G scam. He founded Action Committee Against Corruption in India (ACACI) on 14 October 2011 and acted as a chairperson. ACACI's goal is to take specific action against corruption at very high places of government and Indian black money stashed abroad,[104][105] Swamy had mentioned six simple steps in his letter which may recover the money stashed abroad easily.[106]

Issues held and views

Swamy has worked towards normalising relations between China and India. According to Swamy, the re-opening of the Kailash Mansarovar pilgrimage route was announced at a meeting convened by the People's Republic of China paramount leader Deng Xiaoping in April 1981, in which Swamy was in attendance. This meeting was widely reported in the media, although such claims have been contested by supporters of former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

In various speeches and articles, Swamy has expressed his admiration for, and solidarity with, the State of Israel and has credited its retaliatory capacity for its ability to survive as a nation in a hostile Arab environment. Swamy made pioneering efforts towards India's establishment of diplomatic relations with Israel. In 1982, Swamy became the first Indian political leader to make a well-publicised trip to Israel, where he met with several important Israeli leaders such as Yitzhak Rabin and then-Prime Minister Menachem Begin. His efforts at normalising relations with Israel have borne fruit with both India as well as Israels decision, in 1992, to facilitate the building of embassies in their respective countries.[107]

Swamy, on several occasions, has voiced support for the state of Sri Lanka in its role during Sri Lanka's protracted civil war with the LTTE, for which he was criticised as "pro Lanka" by his political opponents domestically.[108][109][110][111][112] In an interview given to The Sunday Leader newspaper, Swamy stated that the Indian government should attend the CHOGM meeting held in Colombo despite stiff opposition from Indian politicians in Tamil Nadu concerned for the welfare and human rights of Tamils in Sri Lanka, placing the onus on the LTTE for human rights violations during the Sri Lankan civil war[113][114] and favouring Mahinda Rajapaksa.[115][116]

Views on Kashmir

In September 2008, Swamy stridently retorted against the contentions of some Indian columnists who voiced their opinions in favor of "peacefully" surrendering Kashmir to Pakistan. He said,

"I would say that the silent suffering majority of India wants none of this. The 'Kashmir issue,' in fact, can no more be solved by dialogue either with the Pakistanis or the Hurriyat, leave alone the constitutional impossibility of allowing it to secede. [...]Kashmir, in fact, is now our defining identity. It is a touchstone for our resolve to preserve our national integrity. The population of that State may be majority Muslim but the land and its history is predominantly Hindu. For our commitment to the survival of the ancient civilisation of India and the composite culture that secularists talk of, we have not only to win that coming inevitable war but also resolve never to part with Kashmir. [...]
Pakistanis often cite the United Nations resolutions on Kashmir to argue for a plebiscite. This obfuscates the fact of accession of the State to India. The legality of the Instrument of Accession signed in favour of India by the then Maharaja of J&K, Hari Singh, on 26 October 1947 has to prevail anyway. "[117]

2011 Mumbai bombings

In response to the 2011 Mumbai bombings, he wrote an editorial in Daily News and Analysis (DNA). Some of Swamy's suggestions in the article are:

Swamy had written a similar column in The New Indian Express after the 2008 Mumbai attacks. As a result of his "reprehensible" views in the articles, Harvard University cancelled two economics courses taught at the university by Swamy.[119]

On 3 August 2011 the National Commission for Minorities decided to file civil charges against Swamy for the article and promoting on the basis of religion.[120] On 4 October 2011 the Delhi Police registered the case.[121] Swamy was then granted police protection by the Delhi High Court.[122] On 30 January 2012 Swamy was granted anticipatory bail by the court with the condition that he would not write such articles in the future.[123]

Views on Tamil Nadu politics

Swamy is well known for his critical views against the "Aryan versus Dravidian" politics of Periyar E. V. Ramasamy, calling it as the theory forwarded by the British.[124] He has been a staunch opponent of the armed rebel group Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.[125][126][127][128] He also urged the Indian government not to support the US led resolution condemning war crimes in the Sri Lankan Civil War, citing it as one-sided and not in the interest of India.[129][130] Swamy moved the court and got the order restoring quota for Sri Lankan Tamil refugees in colleges in the state.[131]

Swamy obtained Supreme Court Stay against the implementation of Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project (SSSCP). He believes that it would hurt the sentiments of people who believe that this shallow land connecting between Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka was built by the Hindu god Rama. He strongly opposes the implementation of SSSCP citing that implementing this scheme will be a criminal offence under section 295 Indian Penal Code.[132][133] He wrote letters to Prime Minister of India in June 2009 asking him to stop the project[134] and had informed the Supreme Court on 14 October 2015 that the government may not continue with the Sethusamudram Project.[135] He was caught in the web of Jain Commission on the conspiracy of assassinating, with the connivance of the then President of Sri Lanka. So much brainy Swamy is he had hatched with the President to isolate the people of Tamil Nadu from supporting the LTTE, to assassinate Mr.Rajiv Gandhi in the state of Tamil Nadu in the pretext that the plan of killing had been incubated in the camp of LTTE. And he with the assistance of the President set up people, in the guise of LTTE, to pump off Mr.Rajiv Gandhi . Lesser than a few seconds after the bomb went off killing Mr.Rajiv Gandhi, he as a minister then in the Indian Cabinet declared ' LTTE was the killers '. That was what Mr.Tiruchi Veluchamy in his book, ' Truth in hanging scaffold ' ( Thookkukayitril Nijam ) And the author explains in detail the

suspicious movements of Swamy just before and after the assasination.

Honours and awards

Year Name Awarding organisation Ref.
2012 Distinguished Alumni Award. Hindu College, University of Delhi. [136]

Books, research papers and journals

Swamy is a published author of several books, research papers and journals. A complete list of papers, books and journals is included below to which he is the author.

Books

Articles

Research papers

References

  1. ↑ "Swamy to teach at Harvard". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 15 February 2011. Retrieved 16 October 2011.
  2. ↑ "How Subramanian Swamy has always managed to be in the limelight through his maverick ways".
  3. ↑ "The argumentative Indians".
  4. 1 2 "Subramanian Swamy's Janta Party merges with BJP". The Indian Express. 11 August 2013.
  5. ↑ "The RSS Game Plan". The Hindu. 22 February 2000.
  6. 1 2 "Board of Management of the SCMS Group of Educational Institutions: Chairman Subramanian Swamy".
  7. ↑ Bahu Virupaksha. "Subramanian Swamy and Indian Politics: Why India needs a ruthless hunter". Sulekha.com.
  8. ↑ Parsa Venkateshwar Rao, Jr. (19 July 2011). "The paradox called Subramanian Swamy". dnaindia.com.
  9. ↑ "The paradox called Subramanian Swamy". dna. 19 July 2011.
  10. ↑ "Subramanian Swamy uncovered: Doting wife, leftist brother and more". Firstpost.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "The Beastly Beatitudes: The rise, fall and resurrection of Subramanian Swamy".
  12. 1 2 "The Jury Is Out, Subramanian Swamy: is the man a solution o\r a riddle?". Outlook. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  13. 1 2 3 4 "The Outlier: The inscrutable politics of Subramanian Swamy". The Caravan. Archived from the original on 4 May 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  14. ↑ "Subramanian Swamy: Queries and Answers, Interview". Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  15. ↑ "An Indian tribute: Paul Samuelson, Guru". Retrieved 29 December 2011.
  16. ↑ Elizabeth Roche (8 February 2013). "Perfect co-petitioners". Livemint.
  17. ↑ "The well-regarded Supreme Court advocate on her husband : SUNIT ARORA INTERVIEWS ROXNA SWAMY". Outlook. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  18. ↑ "For SC entry card, Swamy becomes wifes clerk".
  19. ↑ "News".
  20. 1 2 "High Court of Delhi : Swamy's plea for recovery of dues from IIT". Zee News. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
  21. ↑ "Harvard removes Subramanian Swamy's courses over controversial column". Indiaeducationreview.
  22. ↑ "Subramanian Swamy – Twitter".
  23. ↑ "The Rediff Special: The Man People Love to Hate". Rediff.com.
  24. ↑ Special Correspondent (15 February 2011). "Swamy to teach at Harvard". The Hindu (Chennai).
  25. ↑ "Management". SCMS Group of Institutions. SCMS Group.
  26. ↑ "Politician Subramanian Swamy". In.com India. In.com (web18).
  27. ↑ "My Experiences with Jayaprakash Narayan — Subramanian Swamy". Janata Party Website. Archived from the original on 28 August 2012.
  28. ↑ "Animosity between PC, Swamy spans decades".
  29. ↑ "Cables: Swamy, an ultranationalist". The New Indian Express.
  30. ↑ "Whither economic reforms? India". Chennai, India: Frontline, The Hindu. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  31. 1 2 "Assessing India's economic reforms: Swamy". Frontline, The Hindu. Archived from the original on 27 November 2011. Retrieved 12 October 2011.
  32. ↑ Financial Architecture and Economic Development in China and India. Konark Publishers Pvt Ltd. ISBN 978-81-220-0718-3.
  33. ↑ "SUPREME COURT OF INDIA RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS" (PDF). Supreme Court of India. Supreme Court of India. Retrieved 2016-01-18.
  34. ↑ "Dr. Subramanian Swamy vs J. Jayalalitha on 20 August 1996".
  35. ↑ "Jayalalithaa guilty in assets case, Gets 4-year jail term". Bangalore: India Today. 27 September 2014. Retrieved 27 September 2014.
  36. ↑ "Supreme Court to Hear Karnataka's Plea Against Jayalalithaa's Acquittal". NDTV. 2015-10-12. Retrieved 2016-01-18.
  37. ↑ "Watch out! Your phone may be tapped". The Times of India.
  38. ↑ "Phone-tapping allegations forced Hegde to quit in ’88".
  39. ↑ "Dr. Subramaniam Swamy vs Ramakrishna Hegde on 18 October, 1989".
  40. ↑ Archived 19 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
  41. ↑ http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/scr/2012_v5_piv.pdf
  42. ↑ Shahroze Tariq Raza (14 July 2012), "Why is BJP always doing Congress a favour?", Daily Pioneer, archived from the original on 16 July 2012
  43. ↑ "Subramanian Swamy gets brahmastra against Chidambaram", News One India, 10 July 2012
  44. ↑ TNN url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-08/india/36215347_1_hashimpura-subramanian-swamy-janata-party-president (8 January 2013). "Hashimpura massacre case: Victims oppose Subramanian Swamy's plea for further probe". The Times of India.
  45. ↑ "2G chronology". Archived from the original on 24 August 2012.
  46. ↑ "2G Spectrum Shadiness". The Caravan. Archived from the original on 30 November 2010. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  47. ↑ Jiby Kattakayam (6 February 2011), "CBI asked to file detailed report on 2G scam", The Hindu (Chennai, India), retrieved 1 August 2011
  48. ↑ Re-auction 2G spectrum, restrain Sibal: Subramanian Swamy, Indo-Asian News Service, 11 January 2011, retrieved 1 August 2011
  49. ↑ "Permit me to prosecute Sonia: Swamy", The New Indian Express, 19 April 2011, retrieved 1 August 2011
  50. ↑ "2G case: Subramanian Swamy submits documents against Chidambaram, arguments on January 21". The Economic Times. 7 January 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
  51. ↑ "Raja gets bail, walks out of Tihar jail". The Hindu (Chennai). 15 May 2012.
  52. ↑ "With govt's single directive, law no longer above all". Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  53. ↑ "CBI can investigate corruption charges against top babus without govt nod: SC". 6 May 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  54. ↑ "Supreme Court Judgement in WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) NO. 38 OF 1997" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-06.
  55. ↑ "Experts hail Supreme Court's decision". Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  56. ↑ "CBI welcomes Supreme Court decision". Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  57. ↑ Special Correspondent (13 February 2010). "Swamy for expert panel on secure EVMs". The Hindu (CHENNAI).
  58. ↑ "EVMs not tamper-free". The Hindu. 18 February 2010.
  59. ↑ Anita (17 January 2012). "Delhi High Court says not impossible to tamper EVMs". OneIndia.
  60. ↑ "Delhi HC rejects Swamy's plea to bring back paper ballots". The Indian Express. 17 January 2012.
  61. ↑ http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/outtoday/9093.pdf
  62. ↑ PTI url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-01-22/india/36483427_1_vvpat-evms-paper-ballot-system (22 January 2013). "Voter to get paper receipt after casting ballot: EC tells SC". The Times of India.
  63. ↑ Legal Correspondent (23 January 2013). "Voter paper trail in phases: EC". The Hindu.
  64. ↑ "EC to use Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) System in Nagaland by-polls". Jagranjosh.com.
  65. ↑ "New Delhi voters can verify who they voted for". The Hindu.
  66. ↑ "Supreme Court Directed Election Commission to Install VVPAT System in EVMs for 2014 Polls". Jagranjosh.com.
  67. ↑ "National Herald case explained: Everything that you need to know". The Indian Express. 8 December 2015.
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  76. ↑ "Swamy to move court against EC". The Hindu. Press Trust of India. 7 November 2012.
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  87. ↑ "National Herald case: Delhi trial court to hear case on 9 December". FIRST POST. 28 August 2014.
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  90. ↑ "National Herald case: SC directs Subramanian Swamy to approach Delhi HC". FIRST POST. 27 January 2015.
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  96. ↑ "National Herald case: Supreme Court orders Sonia, Rahul Gandhi to face trial". The Indian Express. 12 February 2016.
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  98. ↑ "Nataraja temple to be managed by priest, not by Tamil Nadu govt". The Times of India.
  99. ↑ http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgs1.aspx?filename=41133
  100. ↑ "Nataraja Temple to be Managed by Priest not by Tamil Nadu Government". The New Indian Express.
  101. ↑ "Allow 'rebuilding' of Ram temple, Swamy urges SC". The Hindu. 23 February 2016.
  102. ↑ "Subramanian Swamy moves Supreme Court to build Ram temple in Ayodhya". The Economic Times. 23 February 2016.
  103. ↑ "SC agrees to hear plea to 'rebuild' Ram temple". The Hindu. 26 February 2016.
  104. ↑ "ACACI - The Indian Express".
  105. ↑ "Swamy announces panel against corruption". The Times of India.
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  107. ↑ "His Role in Foreign Affairs:The President". Archived from the original on 13 October 2012.
  108. ↑ "India shouldn't support resolution against Lanka: Swamy". IBNLive.
  109. ↑ "Karunanidhi enacting drama, says Jayalalithaa on DMK pull-out from UPA".
  110. ↑ Think as Sri Lankans first
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  113. ↑ "India Must Ignore LTTE’s Financial Orphans – Dr Subramanium Swamy".
  114. ↑ Archived 11 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
  115. ↑ "‘Give Rajapaksa Bharat Ratna for wiping out LTTE’". ZEE NEWS. 11 February 2012.
  116. ↑ "Tamil activists burn Subramanian Swamy's effigy after he demands Bharat Ratna for Rajapaksa". TIMES OF INDIA. 21 October 2014.
  117. ↑ "Kashmir defines Indian identity". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 25 September 2008.
  118. ↑ Subramanian Swamy (16 July 2011), "Analysis: How to wipe out Islamic terror", DNA, archived from the original on 18 August 2011, retrieved 27 July 2011
  119. ↑ "Harvard drops Indian MP Subramanian Swamy's courses". BBC News. December 8, 2011. Retrieved 2015-06-28.
  120. ↑ Vidya Subrahmaniam (3 August 2011). "Minorities' commission to press criminal charges against Swamy". The Hindu.
  121. ↑ "Case against Swamy". The Hindu. 4 October 2011.
  122. ↑ "Swamy gets interim protection". The Hindu. 14 January 2012.
  123. ↑ "Subramanian Swamy granted anticipatory bail in 'inflammatory' article case". The Times of India. 30 January 2012.
  124. ↑ "Tamil Nadu / Madurai News : "Caste not birth-based"". The Hindu. 18 June 2011.
  125. ↑ "Janata Party chief Subramanian Swamy appears before tribunal examining LTTE ban". The Times of India. Press Trust of India. 28 October 2010.
  126. ↑ "LTTE part of the problem: Swamy". The Hindu. 13 November 2008.
  127. ↑ Archived 10 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
  128. ↑ "Swamy criticises Karuna's statement on refugees". NEW INDIAN EXPRESS. 16 May 2012.
  129. ↑ "Subramanian Swamy asks US to work with Sri Lanka on resolution at UNHRC". The Economic Times. Press Trust of India. 8 March 2013.
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  131. ↑ "Higher Education Remains a Struggle for Refugees". NEW INDIAN EXPRESS. 22 June 2014.
  132. ↑ "Ram Setu project is illegal, arbitrary and unacceptable: Subramanian Swamy". DNA. ANI. 25 February 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  133. ↑ Archived 3 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
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  135. ↑ "Govt. decided not to "touch" Ram Sethu, Swamy tells SC". THE HINDU. 14 October 2015.
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