Sulfur dichloride

Sulfur dichloride
Names
IUPAC names
Sulfur dichloride
Sulfur(II) chloride
Dichlorosulfane
Other names
Sulphur chloride
Identifiers
10545-99-0 YesY
ChemSpider 23682
EC Number 234-129-0
Jmol 3D image Interactive graph
PubChem 25353
RTECS number WS4500000
UN number 1828
Properties
SCl2
Molar mass 102.97 g mol−1
Appearance red liquid
Odor pungent
Density 1.621 g cm−3, liquid
Melting point −121.0 °C (−185.8 °F; 152.2 K)
Boiling point 59 °C (138 °F; 332 K) (decomposes)
hydrolysis
1.5570
Structure
C2v
Bent
Hazards
Safety data sheet ICSC 1661
C (C)
Xi (Xi)
N (N)
R-phrases R14, R34, R37, R50
S-phrases (S1/2), S26, S45, S61
NFPA 704
Flammability code 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g., canola oil Health code 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g., chlorine gas Reactivity code 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g., calcium Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
1
3
1
234 °C (453 °F; 507 K)
Related compounds
Related
Disulfur dichloride
Thionyl chloride
Sulfuryl chloride
Related compounds
Sulfur difluoride
Sulfur tetrafluoride
Sulfur hexafluoride
Disulfur dibromide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
YesY verify (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Sulfur dichloride is the chemical compound with the formula SCl2. This cherry-red liquid is the simplest sulfur chloride and one of the most common. It is used as a precursor to organosulfur compounds.[1]

Chlorination of sulfur

SCl2 is produced by the chlorination of either elemental sulfur or disulfur dichloride.[2] The process occurs in a series of steps, some of which are:

S8 + 4 Cl2 → 4 S2Cl2; ΔH = −58.2 kJ/mol
S2Cl2 + Cl2 → 2 SCl2; ΔH = −40.6 kJ/mol

The addition of Cl2 to S2Cl2 has been proposed to proceed via a mixed valence intermediate Cl3S-SCl. SCl2 undergoes even further chlorination to give SCl4, but this species is unstable at near room temperature. It is likely that several SxCl2 exist where x > 2.

Disulfur dichloride, S2Cl2, is the most common impurity in SCl2. Separation of SCl2 from S2Cl2 is possible via distillation with PCl3 to form an azeotrope of 99% purity, however sulfur dichloride loses chlorine slowly at room temperature and reverts to disulfur dichloride. Pure samples may be stored in sealed glass ampules which develop a slight positive pressure of chlorine, halting the decomposition.

Use of SCl2 in chemical synthesis

SCl2 is used In organic synthesis. It adds to alkenes to give chloride-substituted thioethers. Illustrative applications are its addition to 1,5-cyclooctadiene to give a bicyclic thioether[3] and ethylene to give sulfur mustard S(CH2CH2Cl)2.[4]

SCl2 is also a precursor to several inorganic sulfur compounds. Treatment with fluoride salts gives SF4 via the decomposition of the intermediate sulfur difluoride. With H2S, SCl2 reacts to give "lower" sulfanes such as S3H2.

Reaction with ammonia affords sulfur nitrides related to S4N4. Treatment of SCl2 with primary amines gives sulfur diimides. One example is di-t-butylsulfurdiimide.[5]

Safety considerations

SCl2 hydrolyzes with release of HCl. Old samples contain Cl2.

References

  1. Schmidt, M.; Siebert, W. "Sulphur" Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry Vol. 2, ed. A.F. Trotman-Dickenson. 1973.
  2. F. Fehér "Dichloromonosulfane" in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 370.
  3. Bishop, Roger (1992). "9-Thiabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,6-dione". Org. Synth. 70: 120.; Coll. Vol. 9, p. 692
  4. R. J. Cremlyn “An Introduction to Organosulfur Chemistry” John Wiley and Sons: Chichester (1996). ISBN 0-471-95512-4.
  5. Kresze, G.; Wucherpfennig, W., "Organic synthesis with imides of sulfur dioxide", Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1967, volume 6, 149-167. doi:10.1002/anie.196701491
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Friday, February 19, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.