North Sumatra

North Sumatra
Sumatera Utara
Province
Other transcription(s)
  Jawi سوماتيرا اوتارا
  Chinese 北苏门答腊

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Motto: Tekun Berkarya, Hidup Sejahtera, Mulia Berbudaya ("Work diligently, live prosperously, noble in culture")

Location of North Sumatra in Indonesia
Coordinates: 2°00′N 99°00′E / 2.000°N 99.000°E / 2.000; 99.000Coordinates: 2°00′N 99°00′E / 2.000°N 99.000°E / 2.000; 99.000
Country Indonesia
Capital Medan
Government
  Governor Gatot Pudjo Nugroho (PKS)
  Vice Governor Tengku Erry Nuradi
Area
  Total 72,981.23 km2 (28,178.21 sq mi)
Population (2014)
  Total 13,527,937
  Density 190/km2 (480/sq mi)
Demographics
  Ethnic groups Batak (41.95%)
(Karo, Pakpak, Simalungun, Batak Toba, Angkola, Mandailing)
Javanese (20.62%)
Malay (10.92%)
Chinese (10.27%)
Nias (6.36%)
Minangkabau (2.66%)
Acehnese (1.27%)
other (7.45%)[1]
  Religion Islam (55.09%), Protestantism (38.03), Catholicism (6.97%), Buddhism (6.34%), Confucianism (1.50%), Hinduism (0.11%)
  Languages Indonesian, Malay, Karo, Pakpak, Simalungun, Batak Toba, Angkola, Mandailing, Javanese, Hokkien, Nias,Minangkabau, Aceh
Time zone WIB (UTC+7)
Vehicle registration BB, BK
HDI Decrease 0.688 (High)
HDI rank 10th (2014)
Website www.sumutprov.go.id

North Sumatra (Indonesian: Sumatera Utara, Jawi: سوماتيرا اوتارا, Chinese: 北苏门答腊; pinyin: Běi sūméndálà) is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the island of Sumatra, and its capital is Medan. North Sumatra is fourth most populous province in Indonesia after West Java, East Java and Central Java and the most populous Indonesian province outside Java, with over 13,5 million inhabitants in 2014.[2]

Geography and population

Lake Toba, World's largest volcanic lake

The province of North Sumatra stretches across the island of Sumatra between the Indian Ocean and the Strait Malacca. It borders Aceh province on the northwest and Riau and West Sumatra provinces in the southeast. It has an area of 72,981  km². The province contains a broad, low plain along the Strait of Malacca on which the provincial capital, Medan, is located. In the south and west, the land rises to the mountain range that runs the length of Sumatra; the mountains here are dominated by Lake Toba, formed from the caldera of an ancient volcano. Several large islands in the Indian Ocean off the west coast of Sumatra are currently part of North Sumatra, most notably Nias Island and the Batu Islands.

North Sumatra recorded a population of 12,985,075 in the 2010 national census, making the 4th most populous province in Indonesia, with a sex ratio of 99.59 men per 100 women.[3] The latest estimate (for January 2014) is 13,527,937.[2]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1971 6,621,831    
1980 8,360,894+26.3%
1990 10,256,027+22.7%
1995 11,114,667+8.4%
2000 11,649,655+4.8%
2010 12,982,204+11.4%
2014 13,527,937+4.2%
Source: Badan Pusat Statistik 2010

Demographics

North Sumatra is a multi-ethnic province. The Batak, Nias, and the Malay peoples are regarded as the native people of this province. The east coast of North Sumatra is generally inhabited by Malays and Chinese. The Javanese mostly reside in Deli Serdang Regency, including Medan, while the West coast of province is mainly inhabited the Pakpak, Mandailing and Minangkabau peoples. The central region around Lake Toba, is predominantly inhabited by the Batak peoples. The Nias people reside mostly in Nias Island and the surrounding islands. With the opening of tobacco plantations in East Sumatra during the Dutch East Indies era, the colonial government employed many contract laborers for plantations. The newcomers were mostly Javanese and Chinese, and included a small Indian community. The distribution of the tribes, clans and ethnicities in North Sumatra is as follows:

Administrative divisions

Great Mosque of Medan, North Sumatra
Tangkahan, North Sumatra
Nias Island traditional house, North Sumatra

North Sumatra is currently subdivided into 25 regencies and 8 autonomous cities, listed below with their (provisional) populations at the 2010 Census and according to the latest (2014) estimates. With proposals under consideration to create three additional provinces from parts of the present North Sumatra, these are grouped below according to the putative new province in which they are situated:

Nias Island Region

Name Area
(km2)
Population
Census 2010[4]
Population
Estimate
January 2014[2]
Capital
Gunungsitoli City 230.80 125,566 131,507 Gunungsitoli
Nias Regency 3,495.39 132,329 136,900 Gunungsitoli
North Nias Regency
(Nias Utara)
1,202.78 127,530 132,593 Lotu
South Nias Regency
(Nias Selatan)
1,625.91 289,876 301,886 Teluk Dalam
West Nias Regency
(Nias Barat)
# 81,461 85,246 Lahomi
# the area of West Nias Regency is included in the figure for Nias Regency.

Southeast Sumatra Region

Name Area
(km2)
Population
Census 2010
Population
Estimate
January 2014[2]
Capital
Padang Sidempuan City 114.65 191,554 199,582 Padang Sidempuan
Mandailing Natal Regency 6,620.70 403,894 421,968 Panyabungan
North Padang Lawas Regency
(Padang Lawas Utara)
3,918.05 223,049 232,928 Gunung Tua
Padang Lawas Regency 3,892.74 223,480 234,728 Sibuhuan
South Tapanuli Regency
(Tapanuli Selatan)
4,352.86 264,108 274,905 Sipirok

Tapanuli Region

Name Area
(km2)
Population
Census 2010
Population
Estimate
January 2014[2]
Capital
Sibolga City 10.77 84,444 88,032 Sibolga
Central Tapanuli Regency
(Tapanuli Tengah)
2,158.00 310,962 324,315 Pandan
Humbang Hasundutan Regency 2,297.20 171,687 178,866 Dolok Sanggul
North Tapanuli Regency
(Tapanuli Utara)
3,764.65 278,897 290,996 Tarutung
Samosir Regency 2,433.50 111,650 124,683 Pangururan
Toba Samosir Regency 2,352.35 172,933 180,407 Balige

East Sumatra Region

Name Area
(km2)
Population
Census 2010
Population
Estimate
January 2014[2]
Capital
Binjai City 90.24 246,010 256,502 Binjai
Medan City 265.10 2,109,339 2,185,789 Medan
Pematang Siantar City 79.87 234,885 244,564 Pematang Siantar
Tanjung Balai City* 154,426 160,941 Tanjung Balai
Tebing Tinggi City 38.44 145,180 151,354 Tebing Tinggi
Asahan Regency 3,675.79 667,563 696,364 Kisaran
Batubara Regency 904.96 374,535 391,686 Limapuluh
Dairi Regency 1,927.80 269,848 281,405 Sidikalang
Deli Serdang Regency 2,486.14 1,789,243 1,865,695 Lubukpakam
Karo Regency 2,127.25 350,479 365,713 Kabanjahe
Labuhan Batu Regency 9,223.18 414,417 432,560 Rantau Prapat
Langkat Regency 6,263.29 966,133 1,008,207 Stabat
North Labuhan Batu Regency
(Labuhan Batu Utara)
# 331,660 344,603 Aek Kanopan
Pakpak Bharat Regency 1,218.30 40,481 42,208 Salak
Serdang Bedagai Regency 1,913.33 592,922 619,367 Sei Rampah
Simalungun Regency 4,386.60 818,104 852,095 Raya
South Labuhan Batu Regency
(Labuhan Batu Selatan)
# 277,549 289,346 Kota Pinang
* the area of Tanjung Balai city is included in the figure for Asahan Regency, from which it was carved out in 2007.
# the areas of North Labuhan Batu Regency and South Labuhan Batu Regency are included in the figure for Labuhan Batu Regency, from which they were carved out in 2007.

Agriculture and economy

Sumatra Mandheling and Sumatra Lintong coffee beans are grown in North Sumatra and largely exported to the United States. Mandheling is named after the similarly spelt Mandailing people located in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The name is the result of a misunderstanding by the first foreign purchaser of the variety, and no coffee is actually produced in the "Mandailing region". Lintong on the other hand, is named after the Lintong district, also located in North Sumatra.

Tourism

Sipisopiso, North Sumatra

Airports

The modern Kuala Namu International Airport was opened on July 25, 2013 and is located almost 40 kilometers from Medan. The airport replaces the old Polonia International Airport.[5] It serves flights to several Indonesian and Malaysian cities, along with flights to Singapore, Thailand, Sri Lanka and Saudi Arabia. Flights to India and China are also planned. In passenger numbers, Kuala Namu is the fifth largest airport in Indonesia.

Polonia International Airport (Indonesian: Bandar Udara Internasional Polonia) (IATA: MES, ICAO: WIMM) (popularly Polonia Airport, as in Indonesia, Bandara Polonia) is located about 5 km from the Central Business District of Medan. It is the first international airport in Medan, although the airport is under air force authority. Polonia airport is the site of several crashes, is inappropriately located in the center of the city of Medan, has a difficult takeoff path and a short runway.

Seaports

North Sumatra has an international seaport at Belawan, near Medan and is now preparing to have a new seaport at Kuala Tanjung, in Batubara Regency, for about Rp.1 trillion ($114 million) budget.[6]

Sei Mangkei Industrial Area

Sei Mangkei Industrial Area is known also as Sei Mangkei - Integrated Sustainable Palm Oil Cluster (SM-ISPOIC); it is located in Simalungun Regency and was formally opened on 12 June 2010. Four companies have joined in this area, with investment costs totalling up to Rp1.5 trillion ($176 million).[7][8] In April 2011, three other companies also joined in the Sei Mangkei area. They are Procter & Gamble Co for making CPO derivatives of cosmetic raw materials, Ferrostaal AG and Fratelli Gianazza SpA.

References

External links

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