North Sumatra

North Sumatra (Indonesian: Sumatera Utara, Jawi: سوماتيرا اوتارا‎, Chinese: 北苏门答腊; pinyin: Běi sūméndálà) is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the island of Sumatra, and its capital is Medan. North Sumatra is fourth most populous province in Indonesia after West Java, East Java and Central Java and the most populous Indonesian province outside Java, with over 13,5 million inhabitants in 2014.^[2]

Geography and population

Lake Toba, World's largest volcanic lake

The province of North Sumatra stretches across the island of Sumatra between the Indian Ocean and the Strait Malacca. It borders Aceh province on the northwest and Riau and West Sumatra provinces in the southeast. It has an area of 72,981 km². The province contains a broad, low plain along the Strait of Malacca on which the provincial capital, Medan, is located. In the south and west, the land rises to the mountain range that runs the length of Sumatra; the mountains here are dominated by Lake Toba, formed from the caldera of an ancient volcano. Several large islands in the Indian Ocean off the west coast of Sumatra are currently part of North Sumatra, most notably Nias Island and the Batu Islands.

North Sumatra recorded a population of 12,985,075 in the 2010 national census, making the 4th most populous province in Indonesia, with a sex ratio of 99.59 men per 100 women.^[3] The latest estimate (for January 2014) is 13,527,937.^[2]

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1971	6,621,831	—
1980	8,360,894	+26.3%
1990	10,256,027	+22.7%
1995	11,114,667	+8.4%
2000	11,649,655	+4.8%
2010	12,982,204	+11.4%
2014	13,527,937	+4.2%
Source: Badan Pusat Statistik 2010

Demographics

North Sumatra is a multi-ethnic province. The Batak, Nias, and the Malay peoples are regarded as the native people of this province. The east coast of North Sumatra is generally inhabited by Malays and Chinese. The Javanese mostly reside in Deli Serdang Regency, including Medan, while the West coast of province is mainly inhabited the Pakpak, Mandailing and Minangkabau peoples. The central region around Lake Toba, is predominantly inhabited by the Batak peoples. The Nias people reside mostly in Nias Island and the surrounding islands. With the opening of tobacco plantations in East Sumatra during the Dutch East Indies era, the colonial government employed many contract laborers for plantations. The newcomers were mostly Javanese and Chinese, and included a small Indian community. The distribution of the tribes, clans and ethnicities in North Sumatra is as follows:

Malay : Medan, Stabat, Binjai, Lubuk Pakam, Tebing Tinggi, Tanjung Balai, Kisaran, Rantau Prapat, and other towns and villages across east coast of North Sumatra
Batak Toba : Medan, Pematang Siantar, Balige, Pangururan, Dolok Sanggul, Siborong-Borong, Tarutung, and other towns or villages surrounding Lake Toba and central region of North Sumatra
Karo : Medan, Binjai, Berastagi, Kabanjahe, Tongging, Tigapanah, and other towns or villages around Karo Regency
Mandailing : Medan, Sibolga, Padang Sidempuan, Sipirok, Panyabungan, Kotanopan, Natal, Barus, Pinangsori and other towns or villages in south region of North Sumatra.
Nias : Gunungsitoli, Bawolato, Lagundri and other towns and villages in Nias Island
Pakpak : Sidikalang, Sumbul, Tigalingga and other towns and villages in Dairi Regency
Javanese : Mostly resided in Medan, Tanjung Morawa, Lubuk Pakam, Percut Sei Tuan and other towns in Deli Serdang Regency
Chinese : Medan, Lubuk Pakam, Tanjung Balai, Rantau Prapat, Perbaungan, Kisaran and other towns and village in east coast of North Sumatra.
Minangkabau : mostly in Medan, Asahan, Batahan, Natal, Padang Sidempuan, Panyabungan, Sibolga, Barus and other towns and village in west coast of North Sumatra.
Acehnese : Medan, Pangkalan Susu, Pangkalan Brandan and other towns and village in Langkat Regency

Administrative divisions

Great Mosque of Medan, North Sumatra

Tangkahan, North Sumatra

Nias Island traditional house, North Sumatra

Batak Toba traditional house, North Sumatra

North Sumatra is currently subdivided into 25 regencies and 8 autonomous cities, listed below with their (provisional) populations at the 2010 Census and according to the latest (2014) estimates. With proposals under consideration to create three additional provinces from parts of the present North Sumatra, these are grouped below according to the putative new province in which they are situated:

Nias Island Region

Name	Area (km²)	Population Census 2010^[4]	Population Estimate January 2014^[2]	Capital
Gunungsitoli City	230.80	125,566	131,507	Gunungsitoli
Nias Regency	3,495.39	132,329	136,900	Gunungsitoli
North Nias Regency (Nias Utara)	1,202.78	127,530	132,593	Lotu
South Nias Regency (Nias Selatan)	1,625.91	289,876	301,886	Teluk Dalam
West Nias Regency (Nias Barat)	#	81,461	85,246	Lahomi

# the area of West Nias Regency is included in the figure for Nias Regency.

Southeast Sumatra Region

Name	Area (km²)	Population Census 2010	Population Estimate January 2014^[2]	Capital
Padang Sidempuan City	114.65	191,554	199,582	Padang Sidempuan
Mandailing Natal Regency	6,620.70	403,894	421,968	Panyabungan
North Padang Lawas Regency (Padang Lawas Utara)	3,918.05	223,049	232,928	Gunung Tua
Padang Lawas Regency	3,892.74	223,480	234,728	Sibuhuan
South Tapanuli Regency (Tapanuli Selatan)	4,352.86	264,108	274,905	Sipirok

Tapanuli Region

Name	Area (km²)	Population Census 2010	Population Estimate January 2014^[2]	Capital
Sibolga City	10.77	84,444	88,032	Sibolga
Central Tapanuli Regency (Tapanuli Tengah)	2,158.00	310,962	324,315	Pandan
Humbang Hasundutan Regency	2,297.20	171,687	178,866	Dolok Sanggul
North Tapanuli Regency (Tapanuli Utara)	3,764.65	278,897	290,996	Tarutung
Samosir Regency	2,433.50	111,650	124,683	Pangururan
Toba Samosir Regency	2,352.35	172,933	180,407	Balige

East Sumatra Region

Name	Area (km²)	Population Census 2010	Population Estimate January 2014^[2]	Capital
Binjai City	90.24	246,010	256,502	Binjai
Medan City	265.10	2,109,339	2,185,789	Medan
Pematang Siantar City	79.87	234,885	244,564	Pematang Siantar
Tanjung Balai City	*	154,426	160,941	Tanjung Balai
Tebing Tinggi City	38.44	145,180	151,354	Tebing Tinggi
Asahan Regency	3,675.79	667,563	696,364	Kisaran
Batubara Regency	904.96	374,535	391,686	Limapuluh
Dairi Regency	1,927.80	269,848	281,405	Sidikalang
Deli Serdang Regency	2,486.14	1,789,243	1,865,695	Lubukpakam
Karo Regency	2,127.25	350,479	365,713	Kabanjahe
Labuhan Batu Regency	9,223.18	414,417	432,560	Rantau Prapat
Langkat Regency	6,263.29	966,133	1,008,207	Stabat
North Labuhan Batu Regency (Labuhan Batu Utara)	#	331,660	344,603	Aek Kanopan
Pakpak Bharat Regency	1,218.30	40,481	42,208	Salak
Serdang Bedagai Regency	1,913.33	592,922	619,367	Sei Rampah
Simalungun Regency	4,386.60	818,104	852,095	Raya
South Labuhan Batu Regency (Labuhan Batu Selatan)	#	277,549	289,346	Kota Pinang

* the area of Tanjung Balai city is included in the figure for Asahan Regency, from which it was carved out in 2007.

# the areas of North Labuhan Batu Regency and South Labuhan Batu Regency are included in the figure for Labuhan Batu Regency, from which they were carved out in 2007.

Agriculture and economy

Sumatra Mandheling and Sumatra Lintong coffee beans are grown in North Sumatra and largely exported to the United States. Mandheling is named after the similarly spelt Mandailing people located in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The name is the result of a misunderstanding by the first foreign purchaser of the variety, and no coffee is actually produced in the "Mandailing region". Lintong on the other hand, is named after the Lintong district, also located in North Sumatra.

Tourism

Sipisopiso, North Sumatra

Lake Toba is the largest volcanic lake in the world. Located in the centre of North Sumatra, the lake can be reached via Parapat (Simalungun regency), Tongging (Karo regency), and Balige (Toba Samosir regency).
Samosir Island is a volcanic island in middle of Lake Toba, It is a popular tourist destination due to its exotic Batak history and the vistas it offers. The tourist resorts are concentrated in the Tuktuk, Tomok, Simanindo, and Pangururan areas.
Nias Island is an island off the western coast of Sumatra. Nias is an internationally popular surfing destination. The best known surfing area is Sorake Bay, close to the town of Teluk Dalam, on the southern tip. This is enclosed by the beaches of Lagundri and Sorake. Tourists can visit the island by plane from Medan, or by ferry from Sibolga.
Berastagi is a small highland town located 63 kilometers to the south of Medan, and is a popular weekend destination for city dwellers.
Lumbini Natural Park is a Buddhist theravada-style temple that is similar to Shwedagon Pagoda in Myanmar.
Dua Warna Waterfall is a two-coloured waterfall located on Sibolangit.
Taman Simalem Resort is a hotel and resort located near Tongging, with excellent views of Lake Toba.
Berhala Island is a 2,5 hectares island located in the Malaka Strait near the boundary of Indonesia and Malaysia. It is a popular place for snorkeling and watching turtle nesting. Visitors can reach the island via boat from Sergei in the Serdang Bedagai regency.
Sipisopiso, one of the highest waterfalls in Indonesia, is located near Tongging in Karo regency.

Airports

The modern Kuala Namu International Airport was opened on July 25, 2013 and is located almost 40 kilometers from Medan. The airport replaces the old Polonia International Airport.^[5] It serves flights to several Indonesian and Malaysian cities, along with flights to Singapore, Thailand, Sri Lanka and Saudi Arabia. Flights to India and China are also planned. In passenger numbers, Kuala Namu is the fifth largest airport in Indonesia.

Polonia International Airport (Indonesian: Bandar Udara Internasional Polonia) (IATA: MES, ICAO: WIMM) (popularly Polonia Airport, as in Indonesia, Bandara Polonia) is located about 5 km from the Central Business District of Medan. It is the first international airport in Medan, although the airport is under air force authority. Polonia airport is the site of several crashes, is inappropriately located in the center of the city of Medan, has a difficult takeoff path and a short runway.

Seaports

North Sumatra has an international seaport at Belawan, near Medan and is now preparing to have a new seaport at Kuala Tanjung, in Batubara Regency, for about Rp.1 trillion ($114 million) budget.^[6]

Sei Mangkei Industrial Area

Sei Mangkei Industrial Area is known also as Sei Mangkei - Integrated Sustainable Palm Oil Cluster (SM-ISPOIC); it is located in Simalungun Regency and was formally opened on 12 June 2010. Four companies have joined in this area, with investment costs totalling up to Rp1.5 trillion ($176 million).^[7]^[8] In April 2011, three other companies also joined in the Sei Mangkei area. They are Procter & Gamble Co for making CPO derivatives of cosmetic raw materials, Ferrostaal AG and Fratelli Gianazza SpA.

References

↑ Indonesia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 2010.
1 2 3 4 5 6 http://www.depkes.go.id/downloads/Penduduk%20Kab%20Kota%20Umur%20Tunggal%202014.pdf Estimasi Penduduk Menurut Umur Tunggal Dan Jenis Kelamin 2014 Kementerian Kesehatan
↑ Account Suspended
↑ Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
↑ "Roda Empat Disediakan Menuju Bandara Kuala Namu". July 23, 2013.
↑ http://waspada.co.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=181542:n-sumatra-to-have-new-seaport&catid=30:english-news&Itemid=101
↑ Four Firms to Invest Rp1.5 Trln in Sei Mangkei Industrial Area, Sumatera
↑ Jurnas.com

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to North Sumatra.

North Sumatra Government

Regencies and Cities of North Sumatra, Indonesia

Capital: Medan

Regencies	Asahan Batubara Dairi Deli Serdang Humbang Hasundutan Karo Labuhan Batu South Labuhan Batu North Labuhan Batu Langkat Mandailing Natal Nias West Nias South Nias North Nias Padang Lawas North Padang Lawas Pakpak Bharat Samosir Serdang Bedagai Simalungun South Tapanuli Central Tapanuli North Tapanuli Toba Samosir

Cities	Binjai Gunung Sitoli Medan Padang Sidempuan Pematangsiantar Sibolga Tanjung Balai Tebing Tinggi

See also: List of regencies and cities of Indonesia

Provinces of Indonesia

Sumatra	Aceh Bangka–Belitung Islands Bengkulu Jambi Lampung North Sumatra Riau Riau Islands South Sumatra West Sumatra

Java	Banten Central Java East Java Jakarta West Java Yogyakarta

Kalimantan	Central Kalimantan East Kalimantan North Kalimantan South Kalimantan West Kalimantan

Lesser Sunda	Bali East Nusa Tenggara West Nusa Tenggara

Sulawesi	Central Sulawesi Gorontalo North Sulawesi Southeast Sulawesi South Sulawesi West Sulawesi

Maluku	Maluku North Maluku

Western New Guinea	Papua West Papua

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