Tarsus (eyelids)

Tarsus (eyelids)
The tarsi and their ligaments. Right eye; front view.
The right eye in sagittal section, showing the fascia bulbi. (Tarsi labeled at right.)
Details
Identifiers
Latin	tarsus superior, tarsus inferior
FMA	59086
*Anatomical terminology* [edit on Wikidata]

The tarsi (tarsal plates) are two comparatively thick, elongated plates of dense connective tissue, about 2.5 cm (1.0 in) in length; one is found in each eyelid, and contributes to its form and support. They are located directly above the lid margins.^[1] The tarsus has a lower and upper part making up the palpebrae.

Superior

The superior tarsus (tarsus superior; superior tarsal plate), the larger, is of a semilunar form, about 10 mm (0.4 in) in breadth at the center, and gradually narrowing toward its extremities. It is adjoined by the superior tarsal muscle

To the anterior surface of this plate the aponeurosis of the levator palpebræ superioris is attached.

Inferior

The inferior tarsus (tarsus inferior; inferior tarsal plate) is smaller, is thin, is elliptical in form, and has a vertical diameter of about 5 mm (0.2 in). The free or ciliary margins of these plates are thick and straight.

Relations

The attached or orbital margins are connected to the circumference of the orbit by the orbital septum.

The lateral angles are attached to the zygomatic bone by the lateral palpebral raphé.

The medial angles of the two plates end at the lacrimal lake, and are attached to the frontal process of the maxilla by the medial palpebral ligament).

The sulcus subtarsalis is a groove in the inner surface of each eyelid.

Along the inner margin of the tarsus are modified sebaceous glands known as tarsal glands (or Meibonian glands), aligned vertically within the tarsi: 30 to 40 glands in the upper lid, and 20 to 30 in the lower lid, which secrete a lipid-rich product which helps keep the lacrimal secretions or tears from evaporating too quickly, thus keeping the eye moist. ^[2]

Additional images

Left orbicularis oculi, seen from behind
Sagittal section of right orbital cavity
Extrinsic eye muscle. Nerves of orbita. Deep dissection.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

↑ "eye, human". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica 2006 Ultimate Reference Suite DVD 2008
↑ Martini, 2006

The orbit of the eye

Bones	Frontal bone Zygomatic bone Maxillary bone Sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone Palatine bone Lacrimal bone

Muscles	Superior rectus muscle Inferior rectus muscle Lateral rectus muscle Medial rectus muscle Superior oblique muscle Trochlea of superior oblique Inferior oblique muscle

Eyelid	Levator palpebrae superioris muscle Tarsus Medial palpebral ligament Epicanthic fold Meibomian gland Ciliary glands Eyelash Palpebral fissure Canthus Gland of Zeis

Lacrimal apparatus	Krause's glands Lacrimal canaliculi Lacrimal caruncle Lacrimal gland Lacrimal lake Lacrimal papilla Lacrimal punctum Lacrimal sac Nasolacrimal duct

Other	Eyebrow Conjunctiva Plica semilunaris Orbital septum Periorbita Suspensory ligament of eyeball Tenon's capsule

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