Surxondaryo Region

Surxondaryo Region Surxondaryo viloyati
region
Surxondaryo in Uzbekistan
Coordinates: 38°0′N 67°30′E / 38.000°N 67.500°ECoordinates: 38°0′N 67°30′E / 38.000°N 67.500°E
Country	Uzbekistan
Capital	Termiz
Government
• Hokim	Tojimurod Normurodovich Mamaraimov
Area
• Total	20,100 km^2 (7,800 sq mi)
Population (2005)
• Total	1,925,100
• Density	96/km^2 (250/sq mi)
Time zone	East (UTC+5)
• Summer (DST)	not observed (UTC+5)
ISO 3166 code	UZ-SU
Districts	14
Cities	8
Townships	7
Villages	114

Surxondaryo Region (Uzbek: Surxondaryo viloyati, Сурхондарё вилояти, Persian: سرخان‌دریا‎‎, UniPers: "sorxāndaryā"), old spelling Surkhandarya Region is a viloyat (region) of Uzbekistan, located in the extreme south-east of the country. Established on March 6, 1941, it borders on Qashqadaryo Region internally, and Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and Tajikistan externally, going anticlockwise from the north. It covers an area of 20,100 km². The population is estimated at 1,925,100 (end of 2005 data), with 80% living in rural areas.^[1] According to official data, 83% of the population are Uzbeks and 1% Tajiks,^[2] but non-official statistics show Surxondaryo is a Persian-speaking area, because most Tajiks of Uzbekistan are concentrated in the Surxondaryo, Samarkand and Bukhara regions.^[3] The highest point of the Region and also of Uzbekistan is Khazrati Sulton peak reaching 4,643 m/15,233 ft in Gissar Range.^[4]

The regional capital is Termez with population of 122,900 and the second largest city is Denov (Denau) with 69,500 inhabitants (data for 2005).^[1] Other towns include Boysun, Jarkurghon, Kumkurghon, Shargun, Shirabad, Shurchi, and Sariosiyo.

The climate is continental, with mild wet winters and hot dry summers. The southern part of the region is in the Badkhiz-Karabil semi-desert ecoregion (PA0808), characterized by a savanna of pistachio and desert sedge. The northern portion is characterized by open woodlands (Gissaro-Alai open woodlands ecoregion, PA1306), with characteristic plants being pistachio, almond, walnut, apple, and juniper. Sagebrush is common at lower elevations ^[5][6]

Natural resources include petroleum, natural gas, and coal. Light industry, mainly cotton ginning and food processing, is also an important part of the regional economy, particularly in the production of consumer goods. Agriculture is based primarily on cotton and cereals, supplemented with horticulture and viticulture. Surxondaryo is the country's largest supplier of long-fiber cotton. Livestock accounts for 40% of regional agricultural product.^[1] The climatic conditions of this region also make it possible to cultivate subtropical crops such as sugarcane.

The regon has a well-developed transport infrastructure, with 300 km of railways and 2,700 km of surfaced roads.^[1] Central Asia's only river port is located at Termez on the Amudarya River.

History

Bitter debates accompanied the Soviet allocation of Surkhandarya Region to the Uzbek SSR rather than the Tajik SSR in 1929, as that region, as well as the areas of Bukhara and Samarkand, had sizeable, if not dominant, Tajik populations.

Districts

The region is divided into 14 districts (tumans):^[7][8]

	District name	District capital
1	Angor District	Angor
3	Boysun District	Boysun
4	Denov District	Denov (Denau)
5	Jarkurghon District	Jarkurghon
2,6	Kizirik District	Sariq
7	Kumkurghon District	Kumkurghon
8	Muzrabot District	Khalkobod (Khalkabad)
9	Oltinsoy District	Qarluq
10	Sariosiyo District	Sariosiyo
11	Sherobod District	Shirabad
12	Shurchi District	Shurchi
13	Termiz District	Uchkhizil
14	Uzun District	Uzun

Agriculture (2005 data)

Agriculture accounts for 42% of total employment in Surxondaryo Region and produces 8% of Uzbekistan’s agricultural output. Agricultural production is 56% crops and 44% livestock (like the country’s average). Milk yields are less than 1,700 kg per cow per year, on a par with the national average.

Main characteristics of agriculture in Surxondaryo Region^[1][9]

	Surxondaryo	Percent of national total
Sown area	278,100 ha	8
Cereals	45%	8
Cotton	45%	8
Potatoes, vegetables	5%	7
Feed crops	5%	5
Fruit orchards	12,600 ha	6
Vineyards	8,400 ha	6
Cattle	531,100 head	8
Cows	241,900 head	9
Sheep, goats	1,253,500 head	11

References

1. Statistical Yearbook of the Regions of Uzbekistan 2005, State Statistical Committee, Tashkent, 2006 (Russian).
2. Ethnic composition of the population in Surxondaryo Region
3. Lena Jonson (1976) "Tajikistan in the New Central Asia", I.B.Tauris, p. 108: "According to official Uzbek statistics there are slightly over 1 million Tajiks in Uzbekistan or about 3% of the population. The unofficial figure is over 6 million Tajiks. They are concentrated in the Sukhandarya, Samarqand and Bukhara regions."
4. Ethnic Atlas of Uzbekistan, Part 1: Ethnic minorities, Open Society Institute, table with number of Tajiks by region (Russian).
5. World Wildlife Fund (2001). "Gissaro-Alai open woodlands". WildWorld Ecoregion Profile. National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 2010-03-08.
6. World Wildlife Fund (2001). "Badkhiz-Karabil semi-desert". WildWorld Ecoregion Profile. National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 2010-03-08.
7. Districts and district capitals in Surxondaryo Region.
8. Administrative Map of the Republic of Uzbekistan, State Agency for Land Resources, Geodesy, Cartography, and Land Cadastre, Tashkent, 2007 (Russian).
9. Agriculture in Uzbekistan, State Statistical Committee, Tashkent, 2007 (Russian).

External links

• Map of Surxondaryo Region (Russian).